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PAGEPAGE42專題十八閱讀理解第10講閱讀理解解題方法指導(dǎo)教學(xué)目標(biāo)教學(xué)目標(biāo)1.駕馭北京中考閱讀理解CD篇的命題規(guī)律;2.駕馭北京中考閱讀理解CD篇的解題方法;3.駕馭北京中考閱讀理解CD篇的高頻詞。名師點(diǎn)撥名師點(diǎn)撥北京中考閱讀理解CD篇命題規(guī)律總結(jié) 閱讀理解實(shí)力的培育是中學(xué)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的一項(xiàng)重要任務(wù),也是中考的一項(xiàng)重要內(nèi)容。中考閱讀理解主要考察學(xué)生的語(yǔ)篇閱讀實(shí)力、分析和推斷實(shí)力。要求學(xué)生能較快地通過(guò)閱讀理解短文大意,獲得其中的主要信息,能做出正確推斷,然后依據(jù)試題的要求從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳答案。近年來(lái)漸漸顯現(xiàn)出文章易懂,但選題較難的趨勢(shì),要求閱讀速度為每分鐘約40-50詞。 北京中考閱讀理解CD篇的閱讀材料的選取一般遵循三個(gè)原則:1.閱讀量約在350-450字之間;2.題材廣泛,包括日常生活類、人生百味類、科普環(huán)保類、教化類和社會(huì)現(xiàn)象類等;3.體裁多樣,以爭(zhēng)論文和說(shuō)明文為主。 北京中考閱讀理解CD篇考察的主要內(nèi)容是:1.考查把握文章的事實(shí)和細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)的實(shí)力;2.考查依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和考生應(yīng)有的常識(shí)進(jìn)行推理和推斷的實(shí)力;3.考查依據(jù)上下文揣測(cè)生詞的含義的實(shí)力;4.考查推斷作者意圖和看法的實(shí)力;5.考查駕馭所讀材料的主旨和大意的實(shí)力。 建議:平常閱讀理解要加強(qiáng)科普類、爭(zhēng)論類文章的閱讀,做題方法不要只停留在機(jī)械找尋信息上,留意文章寫(xiě)作結(jié)構(gòu)、主旨大意、觀點(diǎn)看法的理解上,閱讀英文原著,不要局限于中考試題。北京中考閱讀理解CD篇解題方法指導(dǎo)一、閱讀理解解題步驟第一步快速閱讀全文,了解文章也許。閱讀時(shí)要留意以下句子:每段的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾,重要的情節(jié)句子,假如遇到未學(xué)或不相識(shí)的單詞或不理解的句子,可以依據(jù)上下文揣測(cè),切不行停留而放慢速度。其次步閱讀問(wèn)題,明確要求。把文章后每個(gè)題目?jī)?nèi)容看明白,這樣又能協(xié)助進(jìn)一步理解文章的主要內(nèi)容,詳細(xì)做題時(shí)就能對(duì)號(hào)入座,找到文章中準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)所要回答問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵句子。第三步通篇尋讀,確定段落。也就是帶著問(wèn)題去讀,找到要回答問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵詞、句或意群,以及任何有關(guān)答題的信息,用鉛筆畫(huà)下來(lái),以便為下一步答題做好充分打算。第四步逐條分析,對(duì)號(hào)入座。把須要回答的問(wèn)題和尋讀中找到的信息逐條分析,對(duì)號(hào)入座。一般來(lái)說(shuō),出題者問(wèn)題設(shè)計(jì)都是依據(jù)文章內(nèi)容自上到下依次設(shè)計(jì)的,依據(jù)難度先解決簡(jiǎn)潔的,最終解決深層次的理解題。第五步復(fù)讀全文,驗(yàn)證答案。全部題目做完后,必需再細(xì)致閱讀一遍全文,進(jìn)一步加深對(duì)文章理解,核實(shí)所選答案是否正確。二、閱讀理解解題技巧題型題型一:細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題說(shuō)明本類試題主要考察學(xué)生對(duì)閱讀材料中的某一特定細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)或文章的主要事實(shí)的理解實(shí)力。問(wèn)題包括詢問(wèn)人(who)、物(what)、時(shí)間(when)、地點(diǎn)(where)、緣由(cause)、結(jié)果(effect)、文中的數(shù)據(jù)(data)等。新聞、說(shuō)明文、廣告信息等經(jīng)??疾爝@些細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)。設(shè)題方式1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue/false?2.Whichofthefollowingis(not)mentioned?3.Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,etc)…?解題技巧1.細(xì)心審題,干脆就題找答案2.變通理解,間接轉(zhuǎn)述找答案3.多點(diǎn)歸納,綜合事實(shí)找答案典題練習(xí)1.AuggieliveswithhisparentsandsisterinNewYork.Heisanormalboyinmanyways.HeridesabikeandlikesplayingwithhisXbox.ButAuggiehasdeformities(畸形)ofthefaceandlooksverydifferentfromotherchildren.Atthestartofthebook,hetellsus"MynameisAugust.Iwon'tdescribewhatIlooklike.Whateveryou'rethinking,it’sprobablyworse."Inthestreet,peoplelookatAuggieandarefrightened.(北京東城一模C篇)HowisAuggiedifferentfromotherboys?A.Hisnameisspecial. B.Hisfaceshapeisnotnormal.C.Hedoesn’tgotoschool. D.HelikesplayingwithhisXbox.2.It’snotajoke,norhavetheCanadiansgonemad.TheyareusingthesechickenstoseeiftheWestNilevirus(病毒)isstillaround.Thevirusinfectsbirds,sothechickenshaveachanceofcatchingthevirusandfallill.TheWestNilevirusisspreadamonghumans.ItkilledsevenpeopleinNewYorklastyear.(北京海淀一模C篇)WhyareCanadianofficialsplacingchickensalongtheborder?A.Tohelpcleanuptheborder. B.Toseeifthevirusisstillaround.C.Toprotectthechickensfromfallingill. D.Tomakesurethatthebirdscanfindfood.3.FewofushaveheardofNilsBohlin,butwheneverwetakeacarjourneyhisinventionmakesussafer.Foundinalmosteverymodemcar,thethree-pointseatbeltreducesourchancesofdeathorinjury(損害)byatleast50%.WhilefeelingthankfultothisengineerfromVolvo,youmayalsowonderhowhecameupwithsuchagreatidea.(北京朝陽(yáng)一模C篇)Three-pointseatbeltsreducechancesofdeathorinjurybyatleast_________.A.10% B.30% C.40% D.50%參考答案:BBD題型題型二:推理推斷題說(shuō)明推理推斷題著重考察學(xué)生的邏輯思維實(shí)力,即要求學(xué)生依據(jù)文章的邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行推理推斷。此類題目難度大,涉及面廣,如人物的性格、心理,故事的結(jié)局、寓意,文章的出處、體裁,作者的傾向、看法等。設(shè)題方式1.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat_____.2.Fromthetextweknowthat_____.3.Withwhichofthefollowingdoestheauthoragree?4.Thepassageisprobablytakenfroma_____.解題技巧1.通過(guò)文章陳述的事實(shí)進(jìn)行推斷2.依據(jù)文章所供應(yīng)的的背景,人物的表情,動(dòng)作和語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行推斷3.依據(jù)作者的意圖和看法進(jìn)行推斷典題練習(xí)1.However,somehowitseemsrudeorperhapsmakespeoplefeelthatyou'reupsettosaytopeople“I'mgoingtogoandspendsometimebymyself.”Andoftenwhenwearespendingtime‘a(chǎn)lone’,weareactuallyconnectedwithapieceofelectricalequipment.WetrytomakesomethingintoaFacebookoraTweettoattractourfriends,orwescroll(滾屏)throughFacebooknosingintootherpeople’slivesorseeingwhatfriendsareupto.Wejudgeourselvesandotherpeoplebythephotostheyputonline,sowecantellhowmuchfuntheyarehavingcomparedtous.Thisisanagewhenwecangetsomuchsurfaceinformationaboutotherpeople'slives,butbeingwrapped(包袱)upinwhatotherpeoplearedoingoralwaysthinkingaboutotherpeople’srecognition(認(rèn)可)ofuscanbequiteunhealthy.Perhapsthesedaysforgetaboutthesimplepleasureofspendingtimejustforus.(北京東城一模D篇)Thewriteragrees . A.It’simportanttoknowwhatotherpeoplethinkofusB.itsharmfultoalwayscompareourselveswithothersC.technologyhelpsustojudgeandimproveourselvesD.technologyhelpsustoknowaboutotherpeopleclearly2.“Perfectionistkidsareoftendrivenbyparents.”Asaparent,seewhetheryouarepushingyourchildtofeellikeshecan'tmakeasinglemistake.Doyoutalkabouttopschoolseveryday?Doyoumakeahugedealoutofagradethatisn'tanA?“Youcanaskyourchild,‘WhydoyouthinkyouhavetogetstraightA's?”,Franksays.There'smoretolife.Parentscanoffertheirchildrenopportunitiestohavefun.“Modelhardwork,relaxation,laughter,andjoy,”hesays.“It'snotwhatyousaytokids,it'showyoulive.”(北京東城二模D篇)Whatsuggestiondoesthewritergivetotheparentsofperfectionistchildren?A.Choosingtopschoolsfortheirchildren.B.Doingsomethingenjoyablewiththeirchildren.C.Preventingtheirchildrenfrommakingmistakes.D.Offeringalotofhelpwiththeirchildren'sstudy.3.WhilethereareclearlybothadvantagesanddisadvantageswhenitcomestoApple’slatestinvention,Ipersonallylikemysingle-purposewatchthatsimplytellsmethetime!Whataboutyou?Wouldyoubeinterestedinhavingasmartwatch?(北京海淀二模C篇)Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthatthewriter_______.A.worriesaboutthesafetyofthesmartwatchB.thinkshighlyoftheprogressoftechnologyC.introducesthenewestkindofsmartphonesD.preferssingle-purposewatchesthattellthetime參考答案:BBD題型題型三:詞義揣測(cè)題說(shuō)明單詞的揣測(cè)實(shí)力是閱讀理解實(shí)力的主要組成部分,是考查對(duì)文中關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)的理解。而且,所考察的詞或短語(yǔ)的意義往往不停留在字面上,要依據(jù)文中語(yǔ)境來(lái)推斷。設(shè)題方式1.Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans______.2.Theword“…”mostlikelymeans_____.3.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword_____.解題技巧1.通過(guò)因果關(guān)系揣測(cè)詞義2.通過(guò)同義詞和近、反義詞的關(guān)系揣測(cè)詞義3.通過(guò)構(gòu)詞法揣測(cè)詞義4.通過(guò)定義或釋義說(shuō)明來(lái)揣測(cè)詞義5.通過(guò)描述揣測(cè)詞義6.用學(xué)問(wèn)和生活閱歷揣測(cè)詞義7.依據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系揣測(cè)詞義典題練習(xí)1.Thesedaystherearelotofpossibilitiestobealwaysconnectedtofamilyandfriends.NowthatIhavejustmovedloFrance,thiscanbeveryconvenient.IcanringmysisterwholivesinLosAngelesonViber,orIcanSkypemyparentsorfriendsbackinEnglandforachat.However,sometimestheconvenientanddependabilityoftechnologycanbeintrusive.(北京東城一模D篇)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intrusive”probablymean?A.Interruptive B.Helpful.C.Unsatisfactory. D.Important.2.Inallthesecasestokeepupgoodneighborliness,someunderstandingbetweentheneighborsisimportant.Smalldifferencescanbeeasilypatcheduporworkedout.Trytobefriendlyandtheproblemwillnotbedifficulttosolve.Carecanattimesplayagoodpartandhelptheneighborsinasmallorbigway.Nobodyisperfectanditisbetternottospeakillofyourneighbors.Acheerfulword,anodorasmalltalkwillstrengthenthefeelingofgoodneighborliness.Whatdoesthesentence“Smalldifferencescanbeeasilypatcheduporworkedout.”inParagraph4probablymean?(北京海淀一模D篇)A.Praisingotherscanhelptobegoodneighbors.B.Unimportantdisagreementcanbeeasilysolved.C.Onecaneasilymakegooduseofsmallarguments.D.Nobodycanbeperfectenoughtospeakillofothers.3.Bothcompaniesandindividuals(個(gè)人)canbenefitfromtelework.Onebenefitforcompaniesisthatitcansavemoney.Itcanalsohelpimprovemorale.Thisisbecauseworkerswhohavechoicesabouthowtheyworkareoftenhappier.Ifworkersarehappier,theyarelikelytodobetterjobs.Thisisgoodforthecompany.Asforindividuals,theycansavemoneybycuttingdowntheirtransportationcosts.Theyalsosavetimebecausetheydonothavetogototheofficeeveryday.Dependingonhowoftentheyworkfromhome,telecommuterscansavebetween15and25workdayseveryyear.(北京東城二模C篇)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“morale”probablymean?A.Health. B.Abilities. C.Spirits. D.Wealth.參考答案:ABC題型題型四:主旨大意題說(shuō)明考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章主題或中心思想的領(lǐng)悟和理解實(shí)力。設(shè)題方式1.問(wèn)標(biāo)題:Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?/Thebesttitleforthepassageis_____.2.問(wèn)中心:Thefirstparagraphismainlyaboutthe_____./Thepassageismostlyabout_____.3.問(wèn)目的,看法:Theauthorwantstotell_____./Thepurposeofthisarticleisto_____.解題技巧1.閱讀文章首尾段和各段開(kāi)頭,抓住主旨段或主旨句2.閱讀全文,抓住關(guān)鍵字眼,把握主旨3.以駕馭主旨為前提,處理推斷作者語(yǔ)氣及寫(xiě)作意圖典題練習(xí)1.Isthisasmartinventionortechnologygonetoofar?WhiletheApplewatchisstylishinappearance,Ican’thelpbutquestioncertainaspects(方面)ofthenewdevice.Isitapositivethingtobeabletoreceivemessagesthroughawatch,oristhisanotherwayoflettingtechnologyupsetoursociallives?(北京海淀二模C篇)Whatisprobablythebesttitleforthispassage?A.TheAppleWatch:TheLatestInventionB.TheAppleWatch:SmartandFashionableC.TheAppleWatch:TechnologyGoneTooFar?D.TheAppleWatch:AConvenientWaytoExercise?2.Havingsaidallthat,Ialsothinkthatspendingtoomuchtimebyyourselfcanseparateyoufromothers.Isupposeitisimportanttofindagoodbalancebetweenspendingvaluabletimebyyourselfandwithotherpeople.(北京東城一模D篇)What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Istechnologyreallygoodforus?B.Howcanwekeepintouchwithothers?C.Whatisthebestwaytoenjoyourselves?D.Dowespendenoughtimetrulybyourselves?2015hasbeendecidedtobetheYearofFestivalsinMalaysia—sothere’sneverbeenabettertimetovisitMalaysiathannow.Justturnthepagetoseesomeoftheimportanteventstakingplaceoverthenext12months.AndformoreinformationontravelingtoMalaysia,pleasevisit.my.(北京朝陽(yáng)二模C篇)Whatisthewriter’spurposeinthepassage?A.ToencourageustovisitMalaysia. B.Toreportsomeinterestingfestivals.C.Tosharehisownexperience. D.Tointroduceaforeigncountry.參考答案:CDA語(yǔ)篇練習(xí)語(yǔ)篇練習(xí)北京中考閱讀理解CD篇分類練習(xí)日常生活類(北京中考C篇)AreYouRightHandedorLeftHanded?Whichhanddoyouusewhenwrite?About8to15percentofpeoplearelefthanded.Theyoftenhavetousetoolsthataredesignedforright-handedpeople.Soitisdifficultforleft-handerstousemosttools.Ifyouarerighthanded,trythisexperiment:Takeaknifewithyourlefthandandtrycuttingapotatointopieces.Don’tbesurprisedifyoufeelawkward(別扭的).Inthepast,peoplethoughtitwasstrangetousethelefthand.Youngstudentslookeddownupontheirleft-handedclassmates.Somechildrenwereevenpunishedforusingtheirlefthandtowrite.Butthesedaysparentsandteachershaveacceptedthat.Inalmosteveryschoolintheworld,left-handedstudentscanusetheirlefthandtowrite.Whatcausespeopletobelefthandedorrighthanded?Expertshavesearchedlongandhardonthis.Theyconclude(得出結(jié)論)thatleft-handedpeoplearelefthandedforthesamereasonthatright-handedpeoplearerighthanded.Oneoutofeverytenpeoplejustisaleft-handedpeoplearerighthanded.Oneoutofeverytenpeoplejustisaleft-hander.It’ssimplylikethecolorofoureyes–somepeoplehavebrowneyes,whilesomeothershaveblackeyes.However,mayresearchersthinkthatleft-handersandright-handersaredifferentinsomeaspects.Right-handersaremoretalkativeandoutgoingthanleft-handers.Manyright-handedpeopleunderstandspokenwordsbetter.Forexample,aftertheylistentodirectionstoasupermarket,theycanfinditeasily.Right-handersaregoodatorganizingpeople,too.Theyarealsobetterbasketballguards.JustaskYaoMing.Researchshowsthatleft-handersarecreativeandartistic.Manyfamousperformers,likeJimCarreyandPaulMcCartney,arelefthanded.Manyleft-handerslearnbettervisually(在視覺(jué)方面).Inart,bothLeonardodaVinciandMichelangelowerelefthanded.Inmusic,LudwigvanBeethovenwaslefthanded.Inscience,youfindNewtonandEinstein.Theleft-handedpeoplearealsoreallygoodattennisandothersinglesports.Ifyoupreferonehand,butyouarestillgoodatwritingwiththeother,youaremixed.Researchshowsmixed-handerscanremembereverydaythingsbetterthanotherpeople.Whatdidyoueatforlunchtwoweeksago?Ifyou’remixedhanded,youcanprobablyremember.1.Ifright-handerscutuppotatoeswiththeirlefthand,theywill.A.gethurt B.giveupcuttingC.feelawkward D.changetheirtools2.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Causesofbeinglefthanded.B.Encouragementtoleft-handersC.Punishmentforusingthelefthand.D.Changesinopinionsonleft-handers.3.Accordingtothepassage,right-handers.A.learnbettervisuallyB.aregoodorganizersC.arebetteratsinglesportsD.givecleardirectionstoothers4.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthatleft-handers.A.maybemoretalkativeandoutgoingB.areordinarypeoplelikeright-handersC.mightremembereverydaythingsbetterD.nolongerneedtouseright-handedtools北京中考D篇ShouldChildrenBeAllowedtoGetBored?Childrenneedtimetostandandstare.Theyshouldbeallowedtogetboredtothattheycandeveloptheirabilitytobecreative.Childrenareexpectedbytheirparentstobereadingatextbookallthetime.However,researchshowsthatitmayhamperthedevelopmentoftheirimagination,whileboredomcangivethemopportunitiestodevelopcreativity.Boredomisoftenlinkedwithloneliness,butawriternamedMeeraSyalsaidboredomhadhelpedherindevelopinghermind.Shetoldresearchersaboutherchildhood.Havingfewthingstodo,Syaloftentalkedwithherneighbors.Shealsotriedtodothingslikelearningtobakecakes.“Butimportantly,IThoughtandwrotealot,becauseIwasbored,”Syalsaid.Shekeptadiary,fillinghertimewithshortstoriesandpoemsshemadeup.GraysonPerry,anartist,grewupinafamilywithlittlemoney.Heenjoyedhimselfbymakingupstories,drawingpicturesforhisstoriesandreadingmanybooksinthelibrary.Boredbutfree,hespenthourslookingoutofthewindow,watchingthechangingcloudsandseasons.Perryfilleduphisfreetimewithwhatheliked.Hebecamecreative,becausehecouldthinkfreely.Dr.Beltonisanexpertontheeffectsofemotionsonlearning.“Boredomcouldbeanuncomfortablefeeling,”shesaid.“Butsomeyoungpeoplecannotdealwiththatboredomcreatively.Sosometimestheymaybreakaclassroomwindow,ordriveacaroutforamadrace.”Usually,whenchildrenhavenothingtodo,theywouldturnontheTV,thecomputer,orthephone.Theirtimeonthesethingshasincreased,yettheyneedtohavetimetothinkabouttheirexperiencesthroughplayorjustwatchingtheworldaroundthem.Itisthiskindofthinkingthatcaninspiretheimagination.Ontheotherhand,theTVorphonemaycutshortthethinkingprocess.Thatcanbeharmfultothedevelopmentofcreativity.“Fordevelopingtheabilitytobecreative,”Dr.Beltonadvised,“perhapsweneedtostandandstare,andstayoff-linefromtimetotime.”1.Whatdoestheword“hamper”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Slowdown. B.Keepupwith. C.Gobeyond. D.Giveriseto.2.ThewritertalksaboutSyalandPerryto.A.stressthegreatdifferencesbetweenthemB.introduceapopularwriterandafamousartistC.suggestgoodwaysofgoingthroughboredomD.showeffectsofboredomondevelopingcreativity3.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Boredomprovideschildrenwithspacetothinkfreely.B.It’smuchbetterforchildrentobebusythanbebored.C.Boredomhelpschildrendealwithdifficultiesproperly.D.It’sboringforchildrentothinkabouttheirexperiences.北京東城一模C篇Wonderisabookaboutaten-year-oldboycalledAugust,orAuggie,whofeelsnormalbutlooksverydifferent.What’sWonderabout?AuggieliveswithhisparentsandsisterinNewYork.Heisanormalboyinmanyways.HeridesabikeandlikesplayingwithhisXbox.ButAuggiehasdeformities(畸形)ofthefaceandlooksverydifferentfromotherchildren.Atthestartofthebook,hetellsus"MynameisAugust.Iwon'tdescribewhatIlooklike.Whateveryou'rethinking,it’sprobablyworse."Inthestreet,peoplelookatAuggieandarefrightened.Auggiehasneverbeentoschoolbecausehehasspentalotoftimeinhospital.Hismotherteacheshimathome.Butnowhe’sten,shethinksheshouldgotoschool.Atfirst,Auggiedoesn’twanttogo.Heworriesthatotherstudentswilllookathimandsayterriblethings.Butwhenhevisitsaschoolwithhismum,helikestheheadteacheranddecidestogo.Auggie’sfirstyearatschoolhasgoodtimesandbadtimes.Hemakessomegoodfriendsbutotherchildrenarerudetohim.Attheendoftheyear,Auggiegoesonaschooltripandafrighteningeventtherechangesthingscompletely.Isitagoodbook?Wonderisanexcellentbook,Ittellsanexcitingstorythatmakesyoufeelmanydifferentemotions.ItiseasytolikeAuggie.Hehasagoodsenseofhumour,sothebookhasagoodmixoffunnyandsadmoments.Butthebookisn’tjustaboutAuggie.Wealsolearnwhatlifeforhissister,andhisfriend,Jack.Wonderispopularwithpeopleofallages.Pre-teens,teenagersandadultsalllovethebook.AbestsellerWonderisRJPalacio’sfirstbook.Onherwebsite,sheexplainsthatshehadtheideaforWonderafterseeingagirlwithdeformitiesonthestreetoneday.Manyschoolsusethebooktostartdiscussionsaboutbullying,friendshipandbeingdifferent.Thebookisverypopularandhaswonprizes.ManypeoplearelookingforwardtoseeingwhatRJPalaciowritesnext.1.HowisAuggiedifferentfromotherboys?A.Hisnameisspecial. B.Hisfaceshapeisnotnormal.C.Hedoesn’tgotoschool. D.HelikesplayingwithhisXbox.2.Whydoesn’tAuggiewanttogotoschoolatfirst?A.Becausehehastostayinhospital.B.Becausehismotherteachesbetterthanteachers.C.Becausehedoesn’tthinkheshouldgotoschool.D.Becauseheisafraidotherstudentsmaymakefunofhim.3.Whatcanweknowaboutthebook?A.Ittellsthestoryofarealfamily.B.Manyschoolsuseittoeducatestudents.C.Adultslikethebookmorethanchildren.D.Theemotionsofthestoryarehardtounderstand.北京西城一模C篇Askids,welearnhowtowrite,maybeplayamusicalinstrumentanddraw.Sowhydon’twelearntocode(編碼)computerprogramstoo?Whatcodinghasincommonwithwriting,playingmusicandcreatingartisthatitletsyoubringyourideastolife.Codingisallaboutcreativityandthat’swhyIloveit.CreatingwithcodeCoderDojohelpsyoungpeoplearoundtheworldtolearncomputerprogrammingforfree.WhenIwenttomyfirstCoderDojoclassinDublinCityUniversityinIreland,atagenine,Ididn’tknowanythingaboutcodingorevenwhatitwas.ButIremembermakingmyveryfirstwebpagethatfirstday,andbeingsurprisedthatIcouldcreatesuchathing.ItwasagreatfeelingthatIthinkeveryyoungpersonshouldexperience!BygoingtoCoderDojoeveryweek,Ilearnedhowtomakewebsites,appsandgames.OneofmyappsiscalledAuto-Journalist.Itcanhelpjournalists(記者)andintervieweesdointerviewseveniftheyarebothreallybusyorliveindifferenttimezones.Itisstillindevelopment,andIhaveshoweditatalleventcalledCoolestProjectsAwards,whereyoungpeoplegettoshowthepublicwhattheyhavecreatedwithcode.It’ssomuchfuntoshareone’screations,andtoseewhateveryoneelsehasmadetoo.LearningenvironmentForthepastthreeyearsIhavealsobeenhelpingtoteachotheryoungpeopleatCoderDojoDCU.InrecentyearsIhavealsonoticedmanymoregirlsattendingCoderDojoDCUtotryoutcoding.ThishasalottodowiththeCoderDojogirls’classes—girlsandyoungwomentakepartinitwiththeirfriends,anditdoesn’tfeellikecodingisa“boything”.Itisreallywonderfultoseethis,becauseweneedmoregirlsandwomeninSTEM(Science,Technology,EngineeringandMaths).It’sagoodwaytolearnmoreabouttechnology.StartearlyOneofthemainthingsIhavelearnedinthelastfewyearsisthatcodingisnotonlyforadults,codingisforyoungpeople,too.Andwhenyouareachilditisagreattimetostartcoding,becauseyourimaginationisthelimitforwhatyoucancreate!Wanttolearnmore?FindoutifthereisaCoderDojonearyouatCoderdojo.comorsetoneupyourself!AlsocheckoutCode.orgwhichhaslotsoffundrag-and-dropcodinggames.1.Inthewriter’sfirstcodingclass,she_______.A.madeappsandgames B.createdawebpageC.wrotefornewspapers D.didsomeinterviews2.Whydomoregirlsbegintolearncoding?A.Therearecodingclassesforgirls.B.Girlswanttolearna“boything”.C.TherearemoregirlsinSTEM.D.Girlscanmeetcoolboysthere.3.Whatdoesthewriterthinkofcoding?A.Itisbetterthanplayingmusic.B.Itlimitschildren’simagination.C.Itstopspeoplefromlearningfast.D.Ithelpschildrenwiththeircreativity.4.Whatisprobablythebesttitleforthispassage?A.StartCodingasEarlyasPossibleB.ComeforFuninCoderDojoClassC.KidsShouldHaveChancestoLearntoCodeD.STEMISCallingforMoreGirlsandWomen北京海淀一模D篇Livingnexttonextistheprinciple(原則)ofaneighbor.Goodneighborlinessistheidealtobeaimedat.Asthesayinggoes,nomanisanisland;hehastolivewithhisneighbors.Tomakelifeeasyandpleasant,hemustcooperatewithhisneighbors.Whetheronelikesitornot,onecannotdowithoutneighbors.Normallyonemaythinkhecandowithoutneighborsbecausehecanmanageallcomfortsandservices,sotheservicesortheneedforafriendmaynothappen.However,thesympathy(憐憫),admirationandappreciationwhichaneighbormayofferwillhaveagreathumanizinginfluence.Toshareone’sviewandsometimesevensadness,oneneedssomeneighbors.Butallneighborsarenotalwayskeepingthefriendlyrelationship.Stressesandtension(驚慌)developbecauseofmisunderstanding.Veryoftenchildrenmaybethecausefortensefeelings.Theneighbor’ssonmaypickaflowerorafruitfromyourgardenandanargumentmayfollow.Againhemaythrowhisballatyourwindowbreakingit.Thesearecommoncasessofarastheyoungeroneisconcernedbutitisfortheelderstoviewthemwithcalmnessandmakeupforit.Thismayreadeasyonpaperbutnotsoinreallife.Butbeingbroadminded,onemustbeabletotolerate(容忍).Anotherreasonfortensionmaybetheanimals.Yourneighbor’sdogmaybearealtroubleorhischickenswouldcomeintoyourgardenandeatawayyourplants.Inallthesecasestokeepupgoodneighborliness,someunderstandingbetweentheneighborsisimportant.Smalldifferencescanbeeasilypatcheduporworkedout.Trytobefriendlyandtheproblemwillnotbedifficulttosolve.Carecanattimesplayagoodpartandhelptheneighborsinasmallorbigway.Nobodyisperfectanditisbetternottospeakillofyourneighbors.Acheerfulword,anodorasmalltalkwillstrengthenthefeelingofgoodneighborliness.Neighborlinessisnotonlyforpeoplebutitisalsolargelyimportantbetweenneighboringcountries.Historyhasgotalottoteachonthis.Unlesscountrieslearntoliveasgoodneighbors,therecannotbepeaceonearth.Sochildrenmustbetaughtathomeandintheschooltocooperatewiththeneighborsandbefriendlywiththem.Thebasicruleistogiveandtakeandtodevelopasensethattheothermanhasasmuchrightasyoudo,andsomedegreeoftoleranceisverynecessary.1.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A.Oneisoftenneededbyhisfamily.B.Noonelikestobealoneonanisland.C.Everyonehastolivewithhisneighbors.D.Everyonelivesaneasyandpleasantlife.2.Whichofthefollowingmaycausemisunderstanding?A.Hobbiesandhabits. B.Childrenandpets.C.Sportsandgames. D.Likesanddislikes.3.Whatdoesthesentence“Smalldifferencescanbeeasilypatcheduporworkedout.”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Praisingotherscanhelptobegoodneighbors.B.Unimportantdisagreementcanbeeasilysolved.C.Onecaneasilymakegooduseofsmallarguments.D.Nobodycanbeperfectenoughtospeakillofothers.4.Inthepassage,thewritertriesto____.A.showtheimportantofgettingonwithneighborsB.teachthebasicrulesofbehavingwellathomeC.explainthereasonsoflearningteamworkD.introducewaysofbeingabetterperson北京朝陽(yáng)一模D篇EatingTogetherAftermymotherpassedawayandmybrotherwenttostudyinNewZealand,thefirstthingthatreallyfeltdifferentwasthedinnertable.MyfatherandIbeganeatingseparately.Wewentouttodinnerswithourfriendsorjustatesandwichesinfrontofourcomputers.Then,afewweeksbeforeIwassettoleaveforuniversity,myfatherwalkeddownstairs.“Youknow,Ithinkweshouldstarteatingtogetherevenifit’sjustyouandme,”hesaid.“Yourmotherwouldhavewantedthat.”Itwasn’tperfect—themealswemadeweren’tamazingandwemissedMomandmybrother.Buttherewassomethingspecialaboutsettingasidetimetobewithmyfather.Itwasacomfortablemomenttogetawayfrombusydays:anexcusetotalk,tothinkabouttheday,andrecentevents.Eatingtogetherwasasmallact,anditneededverylittleofus—andyetitwassurelyoneofthehappiestpartsofmyday.Sadly,Americanshardlyeattogetheranymore.Infact,mostAmericanfamiliesreporteatingasinglemealtogetherlessthanfivedaysaweek.It’sapitythatsomanyAmericansaremissingoutonthemeaningfultimewiththeirlovedones,andit’sevenmorethanthat.Noteatingtogetheralsohasnegative(消極的)effectsbothphysicallyandpsychologically(心理上地).Childrenwhodonoteatdinnerwiththeirparentsatleasttwiceaweekwere40%morelikelytobeoverweightcomparedtothosewhodo.Andstudentswhodonoteatwiththeirparentsaremorelikelytobetruantatschool.Justtheopposite,childrenwhodoeatdinnerwiththeirparentsfiveormoredaysaweekarelesslikelytorunawayfromschoolwithoutreason.Theyalsoreportbeingcloserwiththeirparentsthanchildrenwhoeatdinnerwiththeirparentslessoften,accordingtoastudyconductedbytheNationalCenteratColumbiaUniversity.Thenhowdoweeatbetter,notjustfromanutritionalperspective(養(yǎng)分角度),butfromapsychologicaloneaswell?Perhapsseeingeatingtogetherasanopportunitytogetawaywithstress,achancetocatchupwiththosewhomwelovecouldhelpourchildrendobetterinschool,getinbettershape,andbelesslikelytohaveproblems.Eatingtogetheralsoleadschildrentoreportbetterrelationshipswiththeirparentsands

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