高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解長(zhǎng)難句分析詳解

1、.高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解長(zhǎng)難句分析詳解第1節(jié) ：找謂語(yǔ)，定主語(yǔ)一般情況下，一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)形式的動(dòng)詞對(duì)應(yīng)其動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者（主語(yǔ)），我們可以根據(jù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的意義來確定其主語(yǔ)。而且，如果一個(gè)句子中出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的謂語(yǔ)形式的動(dòng)詞，則該句可以是并列句或復(fù)合句（并列謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的情況除外）。如Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment - alth

2、ough no one had proposed to do so and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning. 【簡(jiǎn)析】此句中的謂語(yǔ)形式的動(dòng)詞及其對(duì)應(yīng)的主語(yǔ)有： was opposed -he; ordered-he; (should) not be us

3、ed -federal-funds; had proposed - no one; asked-he (asked前面有and, 說明asked與前面某個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞并列，根據(jù)邏輯意義asked應(yīng)與ordered并列)。這一句的主干為 “he ordered. asked .”, “Declaring that.”作狀語(yǔ)。句意：他宣布自己反對(duì)使用這種非同尋常的蓄牧繁殖技術(shù)來克隆人類，并下令不準(zhǔn)聯(lián)邦政府基金用于做此類試驗(yàn)盡管還沒有人建議這么做他還請(qǐng)一個(gè)普林斯頓大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)Harold Shapiro 為首的獨(dú)立專家組在90天內(nèi)向白宮匯報(bào)關(guān)于制定有關(guān)克隆人的國(guó)家政策的建議。 第2節(jié) ：提主干，去枝葉（從句

4、等）一般情況下，一個(gè)句子中的主句所表達(dá)的信息為主要信息，從句所表達(dá)的信息為次要信息。若句子的主干提煉不出來，就不能完全把握句子的核心意義，從而導(dǎo)致思維混亂，主次不分。如：First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the 17th century，the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds，including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in work

5、ing out the problem，and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Eco-lab Poly technique.【簡(jiǎn)析】本句夾雜分詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞及兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。 “First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the 17th century”為過去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ);“including.”為介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ);“who made.and who had to.”為兩個(gè)并列的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾a French

6、woman scientist。所以句子的主干為the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds此為主要信息。句意：這個(gè)定理，先是由十七世紀(jì)法國(guó)數(shù)學(xué)家Pierre de Format提出，曾使一批杰出的數(shù)學(xué)大師為難，其中包括一個(gè)法國(guó)女科學(xué)家，她在解決這個(gè)難題方面取得了重大的進(jìn)展。為了能夠在Eco-lab Poly technique理工學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)她曾女扮男裝。第3節(jié) ：尋關(guān)聯(lián)，辨邏輯一些長(zhǎng)句其實(shí)是由若干分句組成的并列句或復(fù)合句。而這些并列句或復(fù)合句之間需要一些關(guān)聯(lián)詞來連接。如果我們找準(zhǔn)這些關(guān)聯(lián)詞，就能夠分辨出句與句之

7、間的邏輯關(guān)系，分別弄清主句的意義和從句的意義，則長(zhǎng)句就容易對(duì)付得多了。要掌握此方法必須對(duì)英語(yǔ)中的常見的關(guān)聯(lián)詞諳熟于心。Whereas a womans closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage，it wasnt unusual to hear a man say he didnt know his friends marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sle

8、ep on the sofa.【簡(jiǎn)析】“whereas”提示前后對(duì)比;not unusual=usual;not.until.直到才句意：一個(gè)女人最親密的女性朋友最可能是第一個(gè)告訴她離開一次失敗的婚姻的人;而聽見一個(gè)男人說，直到他的朋友一天晚上問他是否可以睡在他家的沙發(fā)上，他才知道他朋友的婚姻已非常糟糕，這是很平常的事。第4節(jié) ：看搭配，防隔離有時(shí)一個(gè)長(zhǎng)句或難句是由一個(gè)或多個(gè)搭配構(gòu)成，而且這些搭配中常常出現(xiàn)分隔現(xiàn)象。讀者若受分隔現(xiàn)象的干擾而看不清句子的本來面目，則對(duì)句意的理解就會(huì)發(fā)生偏差。如：Some companies have made the manufacturing of clean

9、 and safe products，to some degree，their main selling points and emphasize it in their advertising.【簡(jiǎn)析】其實(shí)本句是一個(gè)“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”句型“make+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”，即“使成為”，只不過賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)被“to some degree”隔開而已。句意：一些公司把生產(chǎn)的衛(wèi)生的、安全的產(chǎn)品，從某種程度上說，當(dāng)作他們的賣點(diǎn)，并在廣告中強(qiáng)調(diào)這一點(diǎn)。第5節(jié) ：關(guān)鍵詞，抓線索有時(shí)某些句子句意模糊，讀者理不清頭緒，這時(shí)讀者只能依靠關(guān)鍵詞來抓，從而在大體上搞清楚句意。如： Miss Dermaines

10、mother looked anxious throughout the wedding and Mr.Cordells parents are reported to be less than delighted.【簡(jiǎn)析】此句似乎在描述婚禮上不同的人的情緒，而前后句用“and”連接(不是but)，所以“anxious”和“l(fā)ess than delighted”所表現(xiàn)的情緒的反差不會(huì)太大。句意：Dermaine的媽媽在整個(gè)婚禮顯得很焦慮，據(jù)說Cordell的父母的情緒也不是很高漲?？傊谂龅介L(zhǎng)句和難句時(shí)，要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況靈活運(yùn)用上述方法，在平時(shí)閱讀過程中要加強(qiáng)對(duì)長(zhǎng)句和難句的句法分析訓(xùn)練。有時(shí)

11、要幾種方法綜合使用才能正確理解句意。如：We even have different words for some food，meat in particular，depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked，which shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming，while the upper class Normans were doing most of the eating.【簡(jiǎn)析】本句夾雜多種語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，而且包含對(duì)比。句子的主干為“We even have different words for some foods，meat in particular”;“depending on.”為分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ);“whether it is still out in the fields or at home