高考英語題型專題復習：短文改錯.ppt

1、高考英語專題復習,短文改錯,（一）解題步驟,1 瀏覽全文，掌握大意,2 分句閱讀，逐行找錯,3 由易到難, 各個擊破,4 檢查核對，注意方法,（1）詞法內(nèi)容。包括名詞、代詞的數(shù)與格，反身代詞，動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)，非謂語動詞、短語動詞的用法，不規(guī)則動詞的變化形式，形容詞的比較級，形容詞副詞的區(qū)別，介詞的誤用等。 （2）句法內(nèi)容。包括主謂一致、指代一致，并列連詞，從屬連詞等引導各種從句的關聯(lián)詞語，感嘆句，疑問句，祈使句的結構等。 （3）行文邏輯。包括句子的肯定、否定、推理判斷等。,高考內(nèi)容,a.(00) She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me

2、success.,schoolmates,b.(04)After class we become stranger at once.,strangers,c.(01)They want me to devote all my time to my studies so that Ill get marks in all my subject.,subjects,1.名詞,考點設置,e.(02)On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful.,pictures,e. (05) There are

3、 advantage for students to work while studying at school,命題特點:本來用復數(shù),卻用單數(shù).改正方法:(1)根據(jù)名詞前的修飾限定成份; (2)根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系.,f. (06) He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests.,advantages,idea,g、(07) I looked at his other hands.,hand,h、 (08) I stayed here for one and a half hour and made sure that the gir

4、l was all hope you understand.,hours,a.(02) It was about noon when we arrived at the foot of the mountain. The three of them were very excited.,b.(03) Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English .,us,2.代詞,myself,c.(03) One day I wrote a little s

5、tory and showed to my teacher .,d.(05) Some students may also save up for our college or future use .,it,their,e.(03)I was learning to express me in simple English. f.(06) I just smiled to me and thought, “What can I do? We are guests after all.”,命題特點： 1.女性代詞指代男性或相反； 2.單數(shù)指代復數(shù)； 3.代詞詞性誤用。 改正方法：聯(lián)系上下文的邏

6、輯關系。,myself,myself,they,1.人稱代詞的偷換錯誤,2. 缺少人稱代詞的錯誤,3. 人稱代詞數(shù)的一致問題,4. 人稱代詞格的一致問題,代詞的錯誤,1. The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.(NMET03) 2. I have a good friend whos name is Liu Mei.(2004 福建),their,whose,a.(01) we do not seem to get much time to talk about together.,b.(02) I was so tired that

7、I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.,c. (03) The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English.,d.(04)Well talk with our plan for the weekend over dinner.,3.介詞,at,about,e.(05)I am writing to thank you with your kind help.,for,in,

8、f. (06) He was looking for a glass the cupboard.,in,命題特點及改正方法：介詞涉及搭配錯誤，因此可從以下方面確定錯誤：1）介詞的基本用法；2）習慣搭配；3）動詞詞類確定錯誤，如talk , serve, wait等。,g、 (07) Each these lines stands for a trouble in my life.,of,介詞短語常常考， 固定搭配要記牢。 介詞后邊跟賓語， 結合語境細推敲。,介詞的錯誤,1.We practise for three times every week.(NMET98),2.And I cant

9、forget the food you cooked for I.(NMET95),me,for,a.(01) They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies so that-,do,b.(02) The time passes quickly. Evening came.,4.動詞時態(tài),passed,c.(03)She liked it very much and reads it to the class.,d. (04)I dont know tha

10、t they dont like to talk with me. Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class.,read,talk,f.(05)I will write again and send you the photos we take together. g. (06)We had guests last night who have not stayed in a B&B hotel ago.,命題特點及改正方法：現(xiàn)在時與過去時的誤用，句中一般沒有時間狀語。每年都考。要注意聯(lián)系上下文，著眼于整個語篇的時態(tài)。通常整篇都

11、是過去，突然一個句子用現(xiàn)在時。其中又以一般現(xiàn)在時和過去時互改為多。,took,had,h. (07) Then I ask him.,asked,a. (00) She is smiling at me but nodding at me .,and,b. (01)It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.,c. (02)The food was expensive and the service was good.,or,5.andbutor誤用及前后不一致,but,d. (06) I came into the

12、living room and saw one of them just go through the kitchen door but turn on the light.,e.(02)we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.,and,visited,f.(03) she liked it very much and reads it to the class.,命題特點： 主要考查and、or、but、 so等并列連詞的誤用。 改正方法；1）根據(jù)句意確定錯誤； 2）根據(jù)句子的邏輯關 系確定錯誤。,read,a.(02) It wa

13、s about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain.,in,b.(04) I dont know that they dont like to talk with me.,c. (03)The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate everything into English.,how,6.從句連詞,d.(01)What things are in other homes, I wonder.,why,when,f.(05)Ea

14、rning their own money allows them to spend on anything as if they please.,g.(06) They did not want breakfast because that they were going out early in the morning.,if,that,命題特點及改正方法：句子結構方面的錯誤主要涉及句子成份和復合句的關聯(lián)詞等。解答這類題從以下方面來思考：1）句子結構是否完整，成份是否冗缺；2）復合句中邊接主句和從句的關系詞或引導詞的運用是否得當?shù)取?a. (02) As everyone knows, i

15、ts famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals.,the,b. ( 01)We may be one family and live under a same roof,but-,c. (04) on Thursday I will have to decide what I want to do over a weekend.,the,7.冠詞,a,d. (05)I hope youve had pleasant journey home,a,命題特點及改正方法：英語中冠詞只有三個，只能從以下幾個方向出題：1）不定冠詞a和an互

16、改；2）不定冠詞a或an和定冠詞the互改；3）根據(jù)需要增刪冠詞。,a. (04)I would describe myself as shy and quietly.,quiet,b. (04)There have been reports in America about people trying to steal person information for bad purposes.,personal,c. (04)Finding information on the Net is easily.,easy,d.(05) So what I learned from the job

17、was much more important as what I earned.,than,8.形容詞、副詞,e.(05) My pronunciation was terribly . f.(06) They came back lately and had some tea.,命題特點及改正方法：主要考查形容詞和副詞的誤用、形容詞及副詞的比較級等。1）根據(jù)adj.或adv.的基本用法確定錯誤；2）修飾連系動詞或名詞用形容詞；3）修飾行為動詞、形容詞、過去分詞及整個句子用副詞。,terrible,late,a.(01)My parents will do all they can make

18、 sure that I get a good education.,to,b.(02)We fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.,talking,c.(03) Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express myself in simple English.,9.非謂語動詞,visited,d.(05) Some students may also to save up for our college or future use.,t

19、o,f.(05) Earning their own money allow them to spend on anything as they please.,命題特點改正方法：1）謂語動詞和非謂語動詞的錯用；2）動詞不定式和動名詞的錯用；3）現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的錯用等。,allows,動詞形，名詞數(shù)， 還要注意形和副； 非謂語，細辨別， 習慣用法要記??； 句子成分多分析， 邏輯錯誤須關注； 冠詞連詞常光顧。,短文改錯口訣：,一、動詞形,主要包括兩類錯誤：動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)錯誤，以及主、謂不一致的錯誤。例如：,NMET2003：She liked it very much and reads

20、it to the class. NMET2000： Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. ,read,are,動詞形常見錯誤,一般過去時與一般 現(xiàn)在時錯用。 第三人稱單數(shù)形式錯用。 and 前后動詞時態(tài)不一致。(and具有對稱性） 主謂不一致。 缺少謂語動詞（尤其缺be動詞） 主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)錯用 Used to 的運用錯誤,二、名詞數(shù),指名詞單、復數(shù)形式的用法錯誤。常表現(xiàn)為將名詞復數(shù)寫成單數(shù)。例如：,NMET2001： so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. NMET20

21、03: Their word were a great encouragement to me. _,subjects,words,改正方法： 根據(jù)名詞前的修飾限定 成份 根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系,1.There are advantage for students to work while studying at school.(NMET2005),2.On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful. (NMET2002）,advantages,pictures,三、還要注意形和副,注意形容詞

22、和副詞在句子中的作用和具體用法。這也是高考短文改錯題的?？键c。例如：,NMET 2004 : I would describe myself as shy and quietly. _ NMET 2005 : He asked angry if we had finished the work. _,quiet,angrily,命題特點及改正方法： 主要考查形容詞和副詞的誤用、形容詞及副詞的比較級等。 根據(jù)adj或adv的基本用法確定錯誤； 修飾連系動詞或名詞用形容詞； 修飾行為動詞、形容詞、過去分詞及整個句子用副詞。,My pronunciation was terribly. (NMET2

23、005),2.Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family.(NMET99),terrible,Unfortunately,四、非謂語，細辨別,這是考查最多的錯誤形式之一。主要有現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞，動名詞和不定式錯誤。例如：,NMET2001： My parents love me and will do all they can make sure NMET 2002: We fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. _ NMET 2003: Soon I began to enj

24、oy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express myself in simple English. _,to,visited,talking,非謂語動詞常見的錯誤,1）不定式 2）動名詞作主語、賓語 3）and 連接的不定式或動名詞前后一致（尤其距離較遠時） 4）現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的區(qū)別等。,1.They will do all they can make sure that I get a good education. (NMET2001),2.Play football makes us grow up tall and s

25、trong.(NMET1998）,to,Playing,五、習慣用法要記住,主要考查習慣搭配方面的基礎知識，其錯誤表現(xiàn)形式主要有三種：多詞、少詞和搭配錯誤。例如：,NMET2000: Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher. _ NMET2003: My teacher advised me to keep my diary. _,a,a,六、句子成分多分析,不同的句子成分要用不同的詞類；不同的語境要選擇不同的詞語。只有對句子結構和成分作細致的分析，才能找出用詞不當?shù)腻e誤。例如：,NMET 2004 : I dont know that

26、 they dont like to talk with me. _ NMET 1997：I live in Beijing，where is the capital of China. _,why,which,七、邏輯錯誤須關注,與句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，屬于邏輯性錯誤，如稱謂上的張冠李戴。例如：,NMET 2003: The main problem was that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English. _ NMET 2005: Some students may al

27、so save up for our college or future use. _,everything,their,?？嫉腻e誤形式有：連詞but， and， or和so的用法錯誤，以及冠詞的用法錯誤等。例如：,NMET2000： She was smiling but nodding at me NMET2001： It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. NMET2001： We may be one family and live under a same roof. ,and,or,the,八、冠詞、連

28、詞常光顧,小 結,做短文該錯應采取三個步驟,1.通讀短文，掌握大意,2.細讀全文，逐一作答,3.復讀全文，驗證答案,短文改錯應注意的問題,四不改: 標點符號不改。 大小寫不改。 詞序錯誤不改（不是不改，而是按錯詞或少詞來改)。 在綱外生詞不改。文中出現(xiàn)帶漢語注釋的詞， 在句中不可能用錯。,Dont forget!,（1）整體把握短文大意。 （2）逐句分析，把握結構。 （3）粗略分析詞法、句法、邏輯上是否有 問題。 （4）逐行修改，先易后難。 （5）復讀全文，驗證答案。 （6）要注意答題是否合乎規(guī)范。,應試技巧點撥,請進入改錯陷阱！,Challenge yourself !,In our eve

29、ryday life, if we make some mistakes, we should correct them, then we are still good fellows. Chairman Maos words,We had guests last night who have not stayed 76 in a B&B hotel ago. They did not want breakfast 77 because that they were going out early in the 78 morning. They came back lately and had

30、 some 79 tea. I came into the living room and saw one of 80 them just go through the kitchen door but turn 81 on the light. He was looking for a glass the 82 cupboard. He had no ideas that the kitchen was 83 not for guests. I just smiled to me and thought,84 “What can I do? We are guests after all.”

31、 85,2006高考全國卷,We had guests last night who have not stayed 76_ in a B&B hotel ago. They did not want breakfast 77_ because that they were going out early in the 78_ morning. They came back lately and had some 79_ tea. I came into the living room and saw one of 80_,had,before,late,that,them just go through the kitchen doo