2017屆高考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)定語從句課件.pptx

1、2017高考二輪復(fù)習(xí),定語從句,考點(diǎn)縱橫,考綱解讀,根據(jù)考綱要求,考生應(yīng)做到: 1.熟練掌握關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句; 2.區(qū)分限制性和非限制性定語從句; 3. 定語從句中的主謂一致； 4. which與that的區(qū)別；as與which的區(qū)別；whose與of which的轉(zhuǎn)換。,1.(2016全國)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC, influenced the development of chopsticks. 解析：此處who引

2、導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，在從句中作主語。 2.(2016江蘇)Many young people，most of _ were well-educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 解析：本題定語從句的先行詞是people，關(guān)系代詞whom指代先行詞people，在從句中作介詞of的賓語。,考題導(dǎo)引,who,whom,3(2016浙江)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of _ has been proved

3、. 解析：這是一個非限制性定語從句, 先行詞是theories，指物，這里用“代詞 + of + which”引導(dǎo)定語從句，which作介詞of的賓語。 4(2016北京)I live door to a couple _ children often make a lot of noise. 解析：couple是先行詞，children和couple是所屬關(guān)系，故填whose。,which,whose,5. (2015陜西)As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time _ he should b

4、e able to be independent. 解析此處用when引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾先行詞the time，the time在從句中作時間狀語。,when,知識網(wǎng)絡(luò),知識梳理,一、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 1who, whom, whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句 (1)who 或whom均可指代人，但who在從句中作主語或賓語，whom在從句中作賓語；兩者在引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句時常可用that替換。作主語時，who/that不可省略；作賓語時，whom/who/that可以省略。,Ive become good friends with several of the students in my sch

5、ool who/whom/that I met in the English speech contest last year. 我與好幾位去年在英語演講比賽中結(jié)識的同校同學(xué)成了好朋友。 I have many friends to whom Im going to send post cards. 我有很多打算寄賀卡給他們的朋友。,(2)whose表所屬關(guān)系，一般指人，也可指物，在從句中作定語。指物時相當(dāng)于of which；指人時相當(dāng)于of whom。 The school shop, whose customers are mainly students, is closed for th

6、e holidays. 這家校內(nèi)商店的主要顧客是學(xué)生，放假時商店關(guān)門。 2that, which引導(dǎo)的定語從句 (1)which指物，在從句中可以作主語、賓語，也可作定語，作賓語時可以省略。that指人或物均可，在從句中可以作主語、賓語、表語，作賓語時可以省略。 She showed the visitors around the museum that/which had been constructed three years before. 她帶著這些游客參觀了那座三年前建造的博物館。,(2)限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞只用that 不用which的情況： 先行詞為不定代詞anything

7、, nothing, something, everything, all, some, none, little, few, the one等時。 I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone elses fault. 我拒絕接受因別人的錯誤而對我進(jìn)行的指責(zé)。 先行詞是形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞，或先行詞前有形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時。 The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 他們在桂林參觀的第一個地方是象鼻山。,先行詞被the

8、 only, the very, the last, the same, any, every, each, few, little, no, some, all等修飾時。 The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert. 這頓飯只有甜點(diǎn)是我真正愛吃的。 先行詞中既有表示人又有表示物的名詞時。 They will never forget the things and persons that theyve seen or heard of during their long journey. 他們將永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記在他們

9、的長途旅行中見到或聽說過的人和事。,(3)關(guān)系詞只用which而不用that的情況： 關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時。 The boy was away from home for a week, which worried his parents very much. 這個男孩離家一個星期了，這使他父母很擔(dān)心。 當(dāng)從句中的介詞提前，構(gòu)成“介詞關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)時。 We live in an age in which more information is available with greater ease than ever before. 我們生活在一個信息比以前更容易獲得的時代。,3as

10、引導(dǎo)的定語從句 (1)as 可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，常用于“so/such/the same先行詞as .”結(jié)構(gòu)中。 Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 像在我們車間使用的機(jī)器是中國制造的。,名師指津： which引導(dǎo)定語從句代指前面整句話內(nèi)容時只能位于主句之后。 Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, which made one of the Chinese peoples longheld dreams come true.(

11、2013安徽高考單選) 莫言被授予2012年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎，這使中國人長久以來擁有的夢想之一變成現(xiàn)實(shí)。,(2)as 也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，定語從句說明整個句子，可放在主句之前、之中或之后。 常用的這種類似插入語的句式有：as the saying goes, as is said above, as is mentioned above, as often happens, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper等。 “You cant judge a book by its cover，” as the old sayi

12、ng goes. 正如老話所說的那樣：“人不可貌相?！?二、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 1where 引導(dǎo)的定語從句 where表示地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，相當(dāng)于“介詞in/at/on .which”。 Opposite is St.Pauls Church, where you can hear some lovely music.(2015北京高考單選) Opposite is St.Pauls Church, in which you can hear some lovely music. 對面是圣保羅大教堂，你們在那里能聽到一些動聽的音樂。,名師指津： 當(dāng)先行詞為situation,

13、 case, stage, point, activity, atmosphere等抽象名詞，且引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中表示事情發(fā)生的情況、階段等時，常用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。 They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other. 他們已經(jīng)到了必須分手的地步。,2when 引導(dǎo)的定語從句 when表示時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語，相當(dāng)于“介詞in/at/on/during .which”結(jié)構(gòu)。 I am looking forward to the day when my daughter can read

14、 this book and know my feelings for her. (2014湖南高考單選) 我正期盼那一天的到來，那時我女兒可以讀這本書，并且了解我對她的感情。,3why引導(dǎo)的定語從句 why表示原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語，相當(dāng)于“介詞forwhich”結(jié)構(gòu)。 Do you know the reason why/for which he didnt attend the meeting? 你知道他沒參加會議的原因嗎？,名師指津： 非限制性定語從句中，常用for which 表示原因而不用why。 I had told them the reason, for which I

15、 didnt attend the meeting. 我把理由告訴了他們，為此我沒有去開會。,三、“介詞關(guān)系詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句 1介詞和關(guān)系代詞的確定 若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞之前，關(guān)系代詞指人時常用whom，指物時常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介詞后，即“介詞whose名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。一般來說，確定關(guān)系代詞前的介詞，可以從以下三方面入手：,Trading leather shoes is the business to which the Greens are devoted. 皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事業(yè)。(be devoted to “獻(xiàn)身，致力于”) Care of the so

16、ul is a gradual process in which even the small details of life should be considered.(2012湖南高考單選) 心靈的呵護(hù)是一個漸進(jìn)的過程，在這一過程中，即使是生活中微小的細(xì)節(jié)也應(yīng)該考慮在內(nèi)。 Recently I bought an ancient vase, the price of which(whose price) was very reasonable. 最近我買了個古代的花瓶，它的價錢很合理。,2“of關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句 在some, any, few, little, none, all,

17、 both, neither, many, most, each等代詞或數(shù)詞的前、后表示整體與部分的關(guān)系可以用of which/whom。 He had a lot of friends, none of whom would offer help to him when he was in trouble. 他有許多朋友，但當(dāng)他遇到麻煩時沒有人會給他提供幫助。,3“介詞where”引導(dǎo)的定語從句 有時“介詞where”可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，此時要和“介詞which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句從意思上加以區(qū)別。 His head soon appeared out of the window, from wh

18、ere he saw nothing but trees. 他的頭很快從窗口探了出來，從那里除了樹木他什么也看不到。(from where相當(dāng)于from out of the window，而不是from the window),考點(diǎn)1what和that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句 1.It is often the case _ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.(2016江蘇，21) A.why B.what C.as D.that,解析考查主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意為：通常情況下，對于那些心存希望的人來說，一切皆有可能。本句中的it為形

19、式主語，真正的主語為后面的名詞性從句，從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整，不缺成分，故要用that引導(dǎo)。,考點(diǎn)突破,考點(diǎn)1as，which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句 1.It is a truly delightful place，_ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages. (2015湖南，29) A.as B.where C.thatD.which,解析句意為：它確實(shí)是一個令人感到快樂的地方，它看起來一定跟100年前一樣，有著蜿蜒的街道和美麗的村舍。本句中先行詞是a

20、truly delightful place，且后面的定語從句中缺少主語，可用which或that引導(dǎo)；又因?yàn)榍昂髢刹糠钟枚禾栠B接，所以所填詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，故用which。,2.China Today attracts a worldwide readership，_ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. (2015福建，34) A.who B.whom C.that D.which,解析句意為：今日中國吸引了全世界的讀者，這表明世界上越來越多的人想了解中國。先行詞指代

21、前面的整個主句，在從句中作主語，且空格前有逗號，故用which來引導(dǎo)。,3.The number of smokers，_ is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.(2015江蘇，21) A.it B.which C.what D.as,解析考查定語從句。句意為：據(jù)報道，吸煙者的數(shù)量在一年內(nèi)下降了17%。as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，意為“正如”，符合句意，故選D項(xiàng)。,考點(diǎn)歸納,關(guān)系代詞as與which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，其先行詞都可以是整個主句，指代主句的整個意思。但as和which具有不同的詞義、句法和用法。 1.as意

22、為“正如，像”。as引導(dǎo)的定語從句可以置于句首、句中或句尾。 The famous magician Liu Qian，as we all know，is from Taiwan. 眾所周知，著名魔術(shù)師劉謙是臺灣人。 As is often the case，girls like dolls while boys like guns. 女孩子喜歡玩具娃娃而男孩子喜歡槍，這是常見的情況。,2.which引導(dǎo)的定語從句在意義上近乎并列關(guān)系時，可以用and this，and that代替，常譯為“這一點(diǎn)，這件事”等。它只能位于主句的后面。 He changed his mind again，whic

23、h(and this/that) made us all angry. 他又改變了主意，這使我們大家都生氣了。 She tore up my photos，which (and that) upset me. 她撕碎了我的照片，這使我很不安。,3.as有以下常見的“固定表達(dá)”： as we all know 眾所周知；as I can remember 正如我所記得的；as often happens 正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣；as we expect 正如我們預(yù)料的那樣；as you see正如你所見；as was expected 正如預(yù)料的那樣；as can be seen 看得出來；as m

24、ay be imagined 正如可以想象的那樣；as has been said above 如上所述；as we all can see 正如我們都能看到的那樣；as is often the case情況常常如此；as everybody can do正如人人都能做到的那樣。,考點(diǎn)2where引導(dǎo)的定語從句 1.The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _ his employees enjoy their work.(2015天津，15) A.where B.which C.when D.who,解析句

25、意為：該公司的老板正在努力營造一種輕松的氛圍，這樣他的員工就可以在這種氛圍中享受工作的樂趣。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞為an easy atmosphere，且從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語，故要用where。,2.Students should involve themselves in community activities _ they can gain experience for growth.(2014福建，31) A.who B.when C.which D.where,解析關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾先行詞community activities，且在從句中作地點(diǎn)

26、狀語。,3.The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication，especially at work _ a good impression is a must.(2014江蘇，22) A.which B.when C.as D.where,解析句意為：這本書極大地幫助了我的日常交流，尤其是在必須給人留下好印象的工作當(dāng)中。work后跟一個定語從句，且work在從句中作狀語，表示一個抽象的地點(diǎn)名詞，用where來引導(dǎo)。,當(dāng)先行詞為position，case，point，stage，situation，condition等表示抽象地點(diǎn)的

27、名詞，且定語從句中不缺少主要成分時，常用where引導(dǎo)定語從句，此時where相當(dāng)于under which，from which，意為“在這種情況下，從中”。一些不是明顯表示地點(diǎn)的名詞作先行詞時，也常用where引導(dǎo)定語從句。 He wrote a letter where he explained what had happened in the accident.(2013江西，33) 他寫了一封信，在信中，他解釋了這起事故中發(fā)生的事情。 Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment where they live.(20

28、13四川，9) 現(xiàn)在人們更加關(guān)注他們生活的環(huán)境。,考點(diǎn)歸納,考點(diǎn)3when引導(dǎo)的定語從句 1.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，_ the weather may be better.(2016天津，9) A.that B.where C.which D.when,解析句意為：我們將把去公園的野餐推遲到下周，那時天氣可能更好。分析句子成分可知定語從句中缺少時間狀語，故用when引導(dǎo)。,2.As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the

29、 time_ he should be able to be independent.(2015陜西，15) A.which B.where C.whom D.when,解析句意為：作為家里最小的孩子，亞歷克斯總是盼望著他能獨(dú)立的時候。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞為the time，表示時間，且從句中缺少狀語，故用when引導(dǎo)。,3.I didnt become a serious climber until the fifth grade，_ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree

30、. (2014浙江，5) A.when B.where C.which D.why,解析句意為：直到五年級我才成為一個熱衷攀爬的人，當(dāng)時我爬上樹取下了一個掛在樹枝上的風(fēng)箏。when引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句是對先行詞the fifth grade的進(jìn)一步說明，when在從句中作時間狀語。,關(guān)系副詞when在定語從句中作狀語，一般不能省略，可用“介詞which”替換。when指時間，在從句中作時間狀語，它的先行詞通常為time，day，morning，night，week，year等表示時間的名詞。有時候when也可以和部分介詞一起引導(dǎo)定語從句。 I still remember the time

31、when I first travelled by plane. 我仍然記得第一次坐飛機(jī)旅行的時間。 She went to Japan two years ago，since when I havent heard from her. 她兩年前去了日本，從那以后我就沒有收到過她的來信。,考點(diǎn)歸納,考點(diǎn)4whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句 1.I live next door to a couple _ children often make a lot of noise.(2016北京，22) A.whose B.why C.where D.which,解析句意為：我住在一對夫婦的隔壁，他們的孩子經(jīng)常

32、弄出很大的噪音。先行詞為couple，由句意可知children與couple之間為所屬關(guān)系，故用關(guān)系代詞whose。,2.The books on the desk，_ covers are shiny，are prizes for us.(2015四川，3) A.which B.what C.whose D.that,解析句意為：桌面上那些封面閃亮的書是為我們準(zhǔn)備的獎品。本題考查非限制性定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，先行詞the books和covers之間是所屬關(guān)系，故選C。,3.A company _ profits from home markets are declining may seek

33、 opportunities abroad.(2014山東，10) A.which B.whose C.who D.why,解析考查定語從句關(guān)系詞的用法。句意為：國內(nèi)市場利潤萎縮的公司可能會去國外市場尋求機(jī)會?？崭窈竺~profits和先行詞company形成所屬關(guān)系，故選擇whose。,whose一般指人，但有時也指物，在定語從句中作定語。指物時，“whose名詞”可用“限定詞名詞of which”或“of which限定詞名詞”來代替。 Do you know the girl whose Japanese is excellent? 你認(rèn)識那個日語非常優(yōu)秀的姑娘嗎？ Please pas

34、s me the book whose cover is green. Please pass me the book the cover of which is green. 請遞給我封面是綠色的那本書。,考點(diǎn)歸納,考點(diǎn)5“介詞關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句 1.Many young people，most _ were well-educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.(2016江蘇，23) A.of which B.of them C.of whom D.of those,解析句意為：很多年輕人前往偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)去追逐夢想，他

35、們中的大多數(shù)人都受過良好的教育。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為定語從句，先行詞為many young people，作介詞of的賓語，故要用whom。,2.Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of _ has been proved.(2016浙江，11) A.whom B.which C.what D.that,解析句意為：科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)提出許多關(guān)于人類為什么哭泣時流淚的理論，其中沒有一個得到證實(shí)。分析句子成分可知，逗號后是“代詞ofwhich/whom”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，先行

36、詞是many theories，指物，故應(yīng)用 which。,3.He wrote many childrens books，nearly half of _ were published in the 1990s.(2015重慶，14) A.whom B.which C.them D.that,解析句意為：他寫了許多兒童讀物，幾乎有一半的書是在20世紀(jì)90年代出版的。逗號之后是一個修飾childrens books的非限制性定語從句，which指代childrens books。,1.“介詞關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句時，介詞的賓語只能用which(指物)和whom(指人)，即：介詞which/wh

37、om。不能用that 和who。 This is the teacher from whom weve learned a lot. 這就是從他那里我們學(xué)了很多東西的老師。 Great changes have taken place in the city in which we live. 我們所居住的城市發(fā)生了巨大的變化。,考點(diǎn)歸納,2.“名詞/代詞/數(shù)詞等ofwhich/whom”引導(dǎo)的定語從句。介詞of表示整體和部分的關(guān)系，of前邊會出現(xiàn)復(fù)雜的形式，常見的有“some/several/a few/a little/many/more/most/the larger/the bigge

38、st/half/ many等ofwhich/whom”形式。做題時如果不好理解，可將關(guān)系代詞換成先行詞，則句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意義就比較明顯了。 John invited about 40 people to his wedding，most of whom are family members.(2013重慶，24) 約翰大約邀請了40人參加他的婚禮，其中大多數(shù)是他的家人。,3.介詞which名詞 His wife got seriously ill，in which case he had to give up the chance of going abroad. 他的妻子病得很重，因此他不得不放

39、棄出國的機(jī)會。 4.“復(fù)合介詞短語which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句。此結(jié)構(gòu)常與先行詞用逗號分開，且定語從句常用倒裝語序。 They arrived at the house，in front of which sat a little boy. 他們到達(dá)那座房子，房前坐著一個小男孩。,5.from where為“介詞關(guān)系副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，也可以引導(dǎo)定語從句。 He hid himself behind the door，from where he saw the man take a photo of something on the desk. 他躲在門后面，從那里他看見那個人拍攝了桌子上的什么東西。(

40、from where指代from behind the door，并非指代from the door),考點(diǎn)6定語從句易混辨析 1.Its not doing the things we like，but liking the things we have to do _ makes life happy.(2014湖南，33) A.that B.which C.what D.who,解析考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的判定。句意為：讓生活愉快的不是做我們喜歡的事情，而是喜歡那些我們不得不做的事情。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的判斷方法是將It is/was與that去掉，來驗(yàn)證句子成分是否完整。經(jīng)判斷句子“Not doing t

41、he things we like but liking the things we have to do makes life happy.”成分完整，結(jié)構(gòu)正確，由此可以判定本句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，所以空格處應(yīng)用that。本題中包含結(jié)構(gòu)not.but.“不是而是”，連接平行的并列結(jié)構(gòu)。,2.It was the culture，rather than the language，_ made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.(2014福建，29) A.where B.why C.that D.what,解析考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。句意為

42、：是風(fēng)俗文化而不是語言使他很難適應(yīng)國外的新環(huán)境。去掉It was及空格處所填詞此句成分仍完整，由此可斷定本句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，所以空格處用that。,1.定語從句與并列句：并列句有and，but，so等并列連詞或兩個句子用分號連接，這時就不能再用引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞了。 He has two children，and both of them are abroad. He has two children，both of whom are abroad. 2.定語從句與地點(diǎn)狀語從句：定語從句有表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞，而地點(diǎn)狀語從句則沒有；定語從句的關(guān)系詞根據(jù)需要可用“介詞which”來代替where，而地

43、點(diǎn)狀語從句則通常只能由 where引導(dǎo)。 Rice doesnt grow well where there is not enough water.(狀語從句) I still remember the farm where(in which) my parents worked ten years ago.(定語從句),考點(diǎn)歸納,3.定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句：強(qiáng)調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)為“It is/was被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分that從句”。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分可以是除謂語以外的任何成分，當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是人時，還可用who代替that。檢測是否是強(qiáng)調(diào)句的方法是：把強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的It is/was與that/who去掉，再把被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分還原

44、，在不增加或減少任何單詞的情況下，如句子仍然成立則為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，否則為定語從句。 It is on the morning of May 1st that I met Liang Wei at the airport. (強(qiáng)調(diào)句) It is the factory where Mr Wang works.(定語從句),4.定語從句與結(jié)果狀語從句：在such.as/that結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果復(fù)合句中需要一個引導(dǎo)詞，同時又需在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分，則用as作關(guān)系詞來引導(dǎo)定語從句。如果從句中不缺少任何成分，所需要的詞只起連接作用，則要用that來引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。 She is such a kind an

45、d funny girl that all of us like to make friends with her. It is such a big stone as no one can move.,真題感悟,1(2015新課標(biāo)全國卷語法填空)Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings. 2(2015廣東高考語法填空)When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market _ people from the towns met regularly. 3(2014新課標(biāo)全國卷語法填空)Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit _ is driving your family