高中英語Unit11TheMediaPeriodSix課件北師大版.ppt

1、Period Six ,Grammar & Writing,寫作專題 如何和給報社寫信,語法專題 被動語態(tài)&動名詞,欄目索引,語法專題,.被動語態(tài) 一、被動語態(tài)概述 語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，用以說明主語與謂語動詞之間的關(guān)系。英語的語態(tài)共有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者；被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。被動語態(tài)是動詞的一種特殊形式，一般說來，只有需要動作對象的及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)。漢語往往用“被”、“受”、“給”等詞來表示被動意義。,被動語態(tài)&動名詞,二、被動語態(tài)各時態(tài)的構(gòu)成 被動語態(tài)由“be及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化是通過be的變化體現(xiàn)的。幾種常用時

2、態(tài)的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成如下： 一般現(xiàn)在時：am/is/are過去分詞 一般過去時：was/were過去分詞 一般將來時：will/shall be過去分詞 過去將來時：would be過去分詞 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：am/is/are being過去分詞 過去進(jìn)行時：was/were being過去分詞 現(xiàn)在完成時：have/has been過去分詞 過去完成時：had been過去分詞,English is taught in most schools. 大多數(shù)學(xué)校都開英語課。 Their wedding was held in a church. 他們的婚禮在教堂舉行。 Do you think the

3、book will be reprinted? 你覺得這本書會重印嗎？ He knew he would be punished for it. 他知道自己會為此受到懲罰。 注意：含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：情態(tài)動詞be過去分詞。 Such work can be done in an hour or so. 這樣的工作可以在一個小時左右做完。,三、主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的方法 1.把主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語。 2.把謂語變成被動結(jié)構(gòu)，時態(tài)不變。 3.有時把主動語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞by之后作賓語，原作主語的人稱代詞要用賓格。 All the people laughed at him. He

4、 was laughed at (by all the people). They were building the new bridge. The new bridge was being built (by them). We havent told her about it yet. She hasnt been told about it yet.,四、使用被動語態(tài)的場合 1.不知道或沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者時。 The bridge was built last year. 這座橋是去年建造的。 He was elected chairman. 他被選為主席。 2.當(dāng)更加強(qiáng)調(diào)動

5、作的承受者時，動作的執(zhí)行者由by引導(dǎo)置于謂語動詞之后，不需要時可以省略。 The room hasnt been cleaned yet. 房間還沒有被打掃。,The tiger was killed by him. 老虎被他殺死了。 3.當(dāng)動作的執(zhí)行者不是人時，多用被動語態(tài)。 The whole village has been washed away by the flood.整個村莊都被洪水沖走了。 4.表示客觀的說明，常用“It is過去分詞that.”句型。 It is said that Lucy has gone abroad. 據(jù)說露茜已經(jīng)出國了。 It is believed

6、 that he is a spy.(He is believed to be a spy.)據(jù)信他是個間諜。,其他常見的“It is過去分詞that.”句型還有： It is reported that.據(jù)報道 It is suggested that.有人建議 It is thought that.大家認(rèn)為,高考鏈接1,.用所給動詞的正確形式填空 1.More efforts，as reported， (make) in the years ahead to accelerate the supplyside structural reform.(2016江蘇) 2.The student

7、s have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts (reward) with success in the end.(2016北京) 3.I (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600acre centre.(2016全國) 4.Truly elegant chopsticks might (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.(2016全國),答案,will be made,will be r

8、ewarded,was allowed,be made,5.The giant panda (love) by people throughout the world. (2016四川) 6.It is reported that a space station (build) on the moon in years to come.(2015安徽) 7.Despite the previous rounds of talks，no agreement (reach) so far by the two sides.(2015天津) 8.To my delight，I (choose) fr

9、om hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.(2015福建) 9.Unless some extra money (find)，the theatre will close. (2014，大綱全國),答案,is loved,will be built,has been reached,was chosen,is found,.單句改錯(僅有1處錯誤) Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking

10、.(2016全國),答案,usingused,.動名詞 一、動名詞的基本形式 1.動名詞的一般式：動名詞的一般式可以表示沒有明確發(fā)生時間的動作，也可以表示與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生。 形式為：主動doing；被動being done Learning a foreign language is very useful to me. 學(xué)一門外語對我來說很有用。,2.動名詞的完成式：表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞表示的動作之前。 形式為：主動having done；被動having been done The Department of Education gave him a medal for h

11、aving completed sixty years of teaching. 教育部因他任教60年而給他頒發(fā)了一枚獎?wù)隆?3.動名詞的否定式由“not動名詞”構(gòu)成。 The child made his mother angry by not taking his medicine. 這個孩子因不吃藥使他媽媽很生氣。,二、動名詞的基本用法 動名詞在句中起名詞的作用，可以單獨或以其短語的形式作主語、表語、賓語、定語。 Checking information is very important.(作主語) 核實信息是很重要的。 His hobby is fishing.(作表語) 他的愛好是

12、釣魚。 Im sorry I missed seeing you while I was in Beijing.(作賓語) 很遺憾我在北京時沒有見到你。 There is a large reading room(a room for reading) in our school.(作定語) 我們學(xué)校有一個大閱覽室。,注意1.動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) 動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)有四種形式： (1)形容詞性物主代詞動名詞； (2)名詞s動名詞； (3)代詞賓格動名詞； (4)名詞動名詞。 當(dāng)動名詞用作主語時，其邏輯主語由形容詞性物主代詞和名詞所有格構(gòu)成，用(1)(2)兩種形式。,當(dāng)動名詞用作賓語時，可以用以上四種

13、形式。如： His/Jacks not getting to the station on time made all of us worried. 他/杰克沒有準(zhǔn)時到車站讓我們很擔(dān)心。 Do you mind my/me/Jacks/Jack leaving now? 你介意我/杰克現(xiàn)在離開嗎？ 2.在It is no use/no good/useless/a waste of time中，常接v.-ing的形式，即動名詞作主語，it是形式主語。 It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水難收。,.用所給動詞的正確形式填空 1.My ambassador

14、ial duties will include (introduce) British visitors to the 120plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.(2016全國) 2. (ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.(2015安徽) 3. (understand) your own

15、 needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.(2014湖南),答案,高考鏈接2,introducing,Ignoring,Understanding,4.The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore，he can go shopping without (recognize).(2014北京) 5.When it comes to (speak) in public，no one can match h

16、im.(2014江西) .單句改錯(每小題僅有1處錯誤) 1.We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.(2016全國) 2.I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.(2016全國) _,答案,being recognized,speaking,taketaking,wearwearing,3.I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view.(2015浙江) _ 4.Weve been s

17、pending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars.(2015四川) 5.My favorite picture at the party is of my coach and me enjoy the biscuits with happy laughter！(2015陜西),答案,返回,sitsitting,singsinging,enjoyenjoying,.寫出下列句子中動名詞的用法 1.Shall we have a rest or get down to our work？(介詞賓語) 2. is .(主語和表語) 3.There is no wh

18、at will happen.(表語) 4.I was met by a party at the airport.(定語) 5.Im looking forward to him again.(介詞賓語) 6. after work is very .(主語和表語) 7.I cant imagine ever this company.(賓語) 8.It is no use about such a matter.(主語),如何寫廣告,當(dāng)堂達(dá)標(biāo) 檢測鞏固,答案,doing,Seeing,believing,telling,welcoming,seeing,Swimming,relaxing,

19、leaving,arguing with him,.把下列句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài) 1.People use a great deal of water in this city. A great deal of water in this city. 2.Can I answer this question in simple English? this question in simple English? 3.You should pay more attention to your table manners. Your table manners . More attention your

20、table manners. 4.He gave her some money. She some money by him. Some money her by him.,答案,is used,Can,be answered,should be paid more attention to,should be paid to,was given,was given to,5.I saw him come this morning. He this morning. 6.The manager has not signed the papers. The papers by the manag

21、er. 7.Do many people speak Chinese outside China? Chinese by many people outside China? 8.The police are looking into the matter. The matter by the police.,答案,返回,was seen to come,have not been signed,spoken,is being looked into,Is,寫作專題,文體指導(dǎo) 本單元的寫作要求是就某一社會問題寫信給媒體陳述自己的觀點，它應(yīng)符合一般書信的格式。英文書信的構(gòu)成可分為6個部分： 1.

22、信頭(Heading) 包括寫信人的地址和日期，通常放在信箋的右上角，順序是先寫地址，后寫日期，地址和日期的寫法都要符合英語的習(xí)慣。寫地址應(yīng)由小到大：門牌號碼、街名、城(縣)名、省名、國名，這同漢語的習(xí)慣完全相反。,如何和給報社寫信,基礎(chǔ)點撥,2.收信人姓名及地址(Inside Name and Address) 寫信人的地址和日期寫好以后，接著就要寫收信人的姓名和地址。它位于信箋的左上角，從左邊略低于寫信日期一、二行處頂格寫起。先寫姓名、頭銜，后寫地址。格式與寫信人地址的寫法一致。 3.稱呼(Salutation) 稱呼指的是信文開頭的那種稱呼，如Dear，Mr.Uncle，各種稱呼因人而異

23、。在稱呼后面一般用逗號，但也可用冒號。稱呼一般以Dear.或My dear.開頭。給親屬寫信時在Dear或My Dear后面加上親屬關(guān)系的詞即可，如Dear Dad，Dear Uncle，My Dear Grandma等；寫給小輩或平輩可直呼其名，如Dear Xiao Jun，Dear Charlie，My Dear Mary等；寫給不太熟悉的人常在Dear或My Dear后加上“某先生”或“某太太”等，如Dear Mr.(姓)/Dear Mrs.(丈夫的姓)。,4.正文(Body of the Letter) 正文是信件的主體部分，是寫信人給收信人要談?wù)摶蜿愂龅膬?nèi)容。正文要求文字簡明達(dá)意，層

24、次分明，字跡清晰。正文應(yīng)在稱呼下兩行開始，信的開頭第一個字母通常和稱呼開頭第一個詞平齊，也可后退四個字母。 5.結(jié)束語(Complimentary Close) 結(jié)束語的一般寫法有： Yours faithfully，F(xiàn)aithfully yours，Yours truly，Truly yours，Sincerely yours等。 在謙稱語之后，必須加上逗號。結(jié)束語通常寫在正文最后一行的下邊，常用的結(jié)束語有：Wish you good luck！Wish you success！Give my love/regards to.等。,6.署名(Signature) 最好是用墨水鋼筆親筆簽名，即

25、使是用打字機(jī)打出的信件，最后仍需親筆簽名。簽名的位置是在謙稱語下面一至二行。除了對熟悉或親密的人以外，簽名必須寫全姓名。,常用句式 1.Im writing to tell you the discussion weve had about. 2.Im very glad to write to you about. 3.There have been different opinions. 4.Opinions are divided on the question. 5.It is certain that we do have different opinions on this mat

26、ter. 6.students think/hold (the belief) that/have argued that/are against the idea/dont accept the idea/feel strongly against the idea. 7.Some people are in favour of/support/are for the idea of doing. 8.As far as Im concerned，./In my opinion，.,寫作任務(wù) 近幾年，考生該不該復(fù)讀這一話題一直為社會所關(guān)注。假如你是李華，下面是你班同學(xué)就此問題的討論結(jié)果，請你

27、給某英文報社寫一封信，介紹一下討論的情況，并談?wù)勀愕目捶ā?多數(shù)學(xué)生認(rèn)為可以復(fù)讀： 1.對于高考失利的同學(xué)又多了一次機(jī)會； 2.多復(fù)習(xí)一年更有把握考上理想的大學(xué)，有利于將來的就業(yè)。 少數(shù)學(xué)生認(rèn)為不該復(fù)讀：,佳作構(gòu)建,1.對應(yīng)屆生不公平； 2.增加家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)； 3.考大學(xué)不是唯一的出路。 注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右； 2.信的開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。 參考詞匯：復(fù)讀retake classes,Dear Editor， Im writing to tell you about the discussion weve had about whether students should re

28、take classes. Yours faithfully， Li Hua,審題謀篇 第一步明確要求 該寫作屬于書信類寫作，主題是對復(fù)讀的看法，屬于社會現(xiàn)象寫作，故應(yīng)以 人稱為主；在表達(dá)自己觀點時應(yīng)該符合事實，避免和上面觀點重復(fù)。 第二步確定段落 本篇作文可以從以下幾個方面入手： Para.1 Para.2 Para.3,答案,第三,已經(jīng)給出，提出寫信的目的；,分別針對兩種觀點進(jìn)行寫作，分析具體原因；,提出自己的看法。,第三步詞匯熱身 本文可能會運用以下詞匯和短語： 1.支持，贊同 2.為作準(zhǔn)備 3.另一方面 4.增加 5.只要,答案,in favour of,make preparatio

29、ns for/prepare for,on the other hand,add to,so long as,第四步擴(kuò)點成句 1.他們認(rèn)為復(fù)讀對那些高考失利的人來說意味著多一次機(jī)會。 (一般表達(dá))They believe it is another chance to the students who have failed once. (高級表達(dá))They believe retaking classes means another chance to have failed once.,答案,those,who,2.通過一年的努力學(xué)習(xí)，他們能夠為進(jìn)入一所滿意的大學(xué)做好準(zhǔn)備，以便將來能夠獲得

30、一份好的工作。 (一般表達(dá))By one years hard work，they can prepare for a satisfactory university and they can get a better job in the future. (高級表達(dá))Through one years hard work，they can a satisfactory university _ get a better job in the future.,答案,make better preparations for entering,so as to,3.我們可以得出結(jié)論大部分高三學(xué)生睡眠不足。