20141011情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have_done的用法

1、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done,在表示推測(cè)語氣中 must (語氣最肯定，只用肯定句)一定，肯定. cannot “一定不”，用于否定句，語氣最強(qiáng),1. “must+have+done”,表示對(duì)過去事情的肯定推測(cè)，語氣最強(qiáng)。譯成“一定做過某事”，該結(jié)構(gòu)只用于肯定句。 1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因?yàn)榈孛孢€是濕的。 2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant. 你和仆人說話，一定是發(fā)瘋了。,2. “cant+have+done”,表示對(duì)過去

2、事情的否定推測(cè)，語氣最強(qiáng)。譯成“不可能做過某事”。 1. Mr. Smith cant have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. 史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我剛才還在圖書館見過他。 2. Mary cant have stolen your money. She has gone home. 瑪麗不可能偷你的錢，她回家去了。,3. “should+have+done”,意思是“本來應(yīng)該做某事，而實(shí)際沒做?！?“shouldnt+have+done”表示本來不應(yīng)該做某事，而實(shí)際做了。含有指責(zé)對(duì)方或自責(zé)的含意。 1.

3、Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday. 湯姆，你太懶惰了，這項(xiàng)工作本來應(yīng)該昨天就做完的。 2. Look, Tom is crying. I shouldnt have been so harsh on him. 看，湯姆哭了，我本來不應(yīng)該對(duì)他如此嚴(yán)厲。,4. “ought to+have+done”,表示過去應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際并沒有做，譯成“理應(yīng)做”，往往表示遺憾。與“should+have+done”用法基本一樣。 I ought to have gone home last Sunday. 我理應(yīng)

4、上星期日回家。 You ought not to have given him more help. 你不應(yīng)該幫助他那么多。,5. “can+have+done”,表示對(duì)過去行為的懷疑，用于疑問句，譯成“可能做過嗎？”。 1. There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out? 屋里沒有燈，他們可能出去了嗎？ 2. There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone? 到處找不到他們，他們可能到什么地方去呢？,6. “could+have+done”,是虛擬語氣，表示對(duì)過去事情

5、的假設(shè)，意思是本來能夠做某事而沒有做。 He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本來他能夠通過考試，但是他太粗心。,7. “may+have+done”,表示對(duì)發(fā)生過的事情的推測(cè)，意思是“可能已經(jīng)”或“也許已經(jīng)”，用于肯定句中。 What has happened to George? I dont know. He may have got lost. 喬治發(fā)生了什么事？ 我不知道，他可能迷路了。,8. “might+have+done”,表示對(duì)過去事情的推測(cè)，might與may意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)

6、中。 1. He might have given you more help, even though he was busy. (MET90) 他或許會(huì)多給你一些幫助，即使他很忙。 2. She might have achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances. 如果你多給她點(diǎn)機(jī)會(huì)，她可能已經(jīng)取得更大的成績(jī)。,9. “need+have+done”,表示本來需要做某事而沒有做?！皀eedt+have+done”則表示“本來不需要做某事而做了”。 I neednt have bought so much wineo

7、nly five people came. 我本來沒有必要買這么多酒，只來了五個(gè)人。 He need have hurried to the station. In that case, be wouldnt have missed the train. 他本來需要快點(diǎn)去車站，那樣的話，他就不會(huì)誤了火車。,10. “would+have+done”,虛擬語氣，表示對(duì)過去事情的假設(shè)，意思是“本來會(huì)做”。 1. I would have told you all about the boys story, but you didnt ask me. 我本來會(huì)告訴你這個(gè)小男孩的故事，但是你沒有問我。

8、 2. Without your help, I wouldnt have achieved so much. 沒有你的幫助，我是不會(huì)取得如此大的成績(jī)。,2)Jack yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me (上海06)A mustnt have arrived B shouldnt have arrived C cant have arrived D need not have arrived,cant have arrived 表示強(qiáng)烈的否定的猜測(cè)。語氣較弱時(shí)用couldnt have done or might not have done o

9、r may not have done .,1) My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon, so he _ your lecture (上海 2000) A couldnt have attended B neednt have attended C mustnt have attended D shouldnt have attended,該題前句敘說一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)，后句對(duì)前句進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明，分析選項(xiàng)可知C是錯(cuò)誤的 而B、D兩項(xiàng)不符合題意。故本題選A。,4) I told Sally how to get here,

10、but perhaps I for her (NMET04),A had to write it out B must have written it outC should have written it out D ought to write it out,由句中的連詞but可知前后句之間是對(duì)立關(guān)系，分析題意可知本題應(yīng)選C。,need not have done：表示過去本來沒有必要做某事，但事實(shí)上卻做了。,3) I was really anxious about you You _ home without a word,A mustnt leave B shouldnt have left C couldnt have left D neednt leave,分析該題前后句之間的關(guān)系和語氣可知，事實(shí)上是 “本不應(yīng)該離家出走卻走了”，故本題選B。,1. I didnt hear the phone. I_asleep. A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been 2.Do you know where David is? I couldnt find him anywhere. Well,he _ have gone far