2012屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題（10）分詞

1、現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞,現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞的用法異同歷來(lái)是學(xué)習(xí)中的難點(diǎn)和高考測(cè)試的重點(diǎn)。眾所周知，兩種分詞的區(qū)別很多，但它們之間的根本區(qū)別是： 過(guò)去分詞在時(shí)態(tài)上強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，在語(yǔ)態(tài)上側(cè)重于被動(dòng)； 而現(xiàn)在分詞在時(shí)態(tài)上強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，在語(yǔ)態(tài)上側(cè)重于主動(dòng)。 這種根本的區(qū)別具體體現(xiàn)在兩種分詞分別充當(dāng)?shù)母鞣N句子成份中。細(xì)述如下：,一、分詞作定語(yǔ),共同點(diǎn)：分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果分詞只是一個(gè)單詞，那么，該分詞就位于其所修飾的名詞之前；如果是分詞短語(yǔ)，那么，該短語(yǔ)就位于其所修飾的名詞之后，它的作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。 不同點(diǎn)：分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，被分詞所修飾的名詞就是該分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)。但現(xiàn)在分詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)

2、系，所表示的動(dòng)作一般與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生；而過(guò)去分詞則表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所示動(dòng)作一般發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前或同時(shí)發(fā)生。,1.There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed 簡(jiǎn)析：首先，根據(jù)語(yǔ)法分析可知，句子后半部分是一個(gè)作定語(yǔ)、修飾 noise 的分詞短語(yǔ)；再根據(jù)句意“一陣閃電之后，接著就是一聲巨響?！笨芍?，巨響應(yīng)是主動(dòng)，緊接在閃電之后的。因此，該題應(yīng)選B。 2.The Olympic Games, _

3、in 776 B. C., didnt include women until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be playing 簡(jiǎn)析：首先，根據(jù)語(yǔ)法分析可知，待選部分是一個(gè)作定語(yǔ)、修飾 The Olympic Games 的后置分詞短語(yǔ)；再根據(jù) The Olympic Games 對(duì)于動(dòng)詞 play 來(lái)說(shuō)只能是被動(dòng)承受，且已完成 (in 776 B. C.)。因此，該題應(yīng)選C。 3.Whats the language _ in Germany? A. speaking B. spoke

4、n C. be spoken D. to speak 簡(jiǎn)析：該題應(yīng)選B。測(cè)試過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)表達(dá)被動(dòng)，等于定語(yǔ)從句 which is spoken,4.Most of the people _ to the party were famous scientists. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting 簡(jiǎn)析：該題應(yīng)選A。測(cè)試過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)表達(dá)被動(dòng)，等于定語(yǔ)從句 who were invited 5.Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa. A.

5、 invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited 簡(jiǎn)析：該題應(yīng)選A。測(cè)試過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)表達(dá)被動(dòng)，等于定語(yǔ)從句who were invited 6.The computer centre, _ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened 簡(jiǎn)析：該題應(yīng)選D。測(cè)試過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)放在所修飾的名詞后，可以用非限制性定語(yǔ)從句“which was opened l

6、ast year”代替 7.The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written 簡(jiǎn)析：該題應(yīng)選D。測(cè)試過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)表達(dá)被動(dòng)，等于定語(yǔ)從句which were written,二、分詞作表語(yǔ),共同點(diǎn)：分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，它起著形容詞的作用。 不同點(diǎn)：分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的主語(yǔ)就是該分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)。但現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)

7、關(guān)系，所表示的動(dòng)作的一般與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生；而過(guò)去分詞則表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所示動(dòng)作一般發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前或同時(shí)發(fā)生。,1.This news sounds _. A. encouraging B. encouraged C. encourage D. to encourage 簡(jiǎn)析：首先，根據(jù)語(yǔ)法分析可知，待選部分在句中應(yīng)作表語(yǔ)，因?yàn)?sounds 在此句中用作連系動(dòng)詞；再根據(jù) The news 對(duì)于動(dòng)詞 encourage 來(lái)說(shuō)應(yīng)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，即這個(gè)消息本身就鼓舞人心。因此，該題應(yīng)選A。 2. -How did Bob do in the exams this time? -Wel

8、l, his father seems _ with his results. A. pleasing B. please C. pleased D. to please 簡(jiǎn)析：首先, 根據(jù)語(yǔ)法分析可知, 待選部分在句中應(yīng)作表語(yǔ)。因?yàn)?seems 在此句中用作連系動(dòng)詞; 再根據(jù) his father 對(duì)于動(dòng)詞 please 來(lái)說(shuō)應(yīng)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系, 即這個(gè)結(jié)果使他的父親高興; 換言之, 他的父親因?yàn)槭艿竭@個(gè)結(jié)果的刺激而感到高興。因此, 該題應(yīng)選C。 3. -How did the audience receive the new play? -They got very _. A . excite

9、B . excited C . excitedly D . exciting 簡(jiǎn)析：該題應(yīng)選B。測(cè)試他們被那出新戲所打動(dòng)。,三、分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),共同點(diǎn)：分詞在復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中可作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，對(duì)句子的賓語(yǔ)起補(bǔ)充或說(shuō)明作用。 不同點(diǎn)：分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的賓語(yǔ)就是該分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)。但現(xiàn)在分詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所表示的動(dòng)作一般與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生；而過(guò)去分詞則表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所示動(dòng)作一般發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前或同時(shí)發(fā)生。,1.The next morning she found the man _ in bed, dead. A. lying B. lie C. lay D. la

10、ying 簡(jiǎn)析: 首先, 根據(jù)語(yǔ)法分析可知, 待選部分在句中應(yīng)作賓補(bǔ), 補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ) the man; 再根據(jù)賓語(yǔ) the man 對(duì)于動(dòng)詞 lie 來(lái)說(shuō)應(yīng)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系, 而且, lie 這個(gè)動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 found 同時(shí)進(jìn)行。因此, 該題應(yīng)選A。 2. -Good morning. Can I help you? -Id like to have the package _, madam. A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed 簡(jiǎn)析: 首先, 根據(jù)語(yǔ)法分析可知, 待選部分在句中應(yīng)作賓補(bǔ), 補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ) the packag

11、e; 再根據(jù) the package 對(duì)于動(dòng)詞 weigh 來(lái)說(shuō), 只能是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。因此，該題應(yīng)選D。,3. I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A. sail B. sailing C. to sail D. to have sailed 簡(jiǎn)析: 該題應(yīng)選B。測(cè)試動(dòng)詞 imagine 后要求跟動(dòng)名詞, Peter 是動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)。 4.If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air _ against y

12、our face. A. moved B. moving C. moves D. to move 簡(jiǎn)析: 該題應(yīng)選B。測(cè)試使役動(dòng)詞后用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)表示賓語(yǔ)正發(fā)出的動(dòng)作。,四、分詞作狀語(yǔ),共同點(diǎn)：分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般在句子中作時(shí)間、原因、方式或伴隨等狀語(yǔ)。 不同點(diǎn)：分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的主語(yǔ)就是該分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)。但現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所表示的動(dòng)作一般與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生；而過(guò)去分詞則表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所示動(dòng)作一般發(fā)生謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前或同時(shí)發(fā)生。,1.European football is played in 80 countries, _ it the most

13、popular sport in the world. A. making B. makes C. made D. to make 簡(jiǎn)析：首先，根據(jù)語(yǔ)法分析可知，待選部分在整個(gè)句中應(yīng)作狀語(yǔ)；再根據(jù) European football 對(duì)于 make 來(lái)說(shuō)應(yīng)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，即歐洲足球使之本身成為一項(xiàng)最受世人歡迎的運(yùn)動(dòng)。因此，該題應(yīng)選A。 2._ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 簡(jiǎn)析：該題應(yīng)選C。 測(cè)試非

14、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定式是在其前直接加 not 。若動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前時(shí)用非謂語(yǔ)的完成式。 3.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added 簡(jiǎn)析：該題應(yīng)選C。測(cè)試現(xiàn)在分詞可以作補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的狀語(yǔ)。,4. “Cant you read?” Mary said _ to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point

15、angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing 簡(jiǎn)析：該題應(yīng)選A。測(cè)試現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，通過(guò)副詞 angrily 進(jìn)行干擾。若B 答案為 and pointed angrily 時(shí)也對(duì)。 另外，分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果其邏輯主語(yǔ)與整個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)不一致時(shí)，需要獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)或 with 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)替代。(此時(shí)，也可把該分詞看成介詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。) 例: The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to b

16、e tied D. tied 簡(jiǎn)析：很顯然，待選部分的邏輯主語(yǔ)是 his hands，而不是句子的主語(yǔ) The murderer , 而 his hands 對(duì)于動(dòng)詞 tie 來(lái)說(shuō)，只能是被動(dòng)承受。因此，該題應(yīng)選D。,1.I cannot understand _ such a well-paid job. A. him to give up B. him to have given up C. his giving up D. his being given up 2.Janes summer vacation in England led to _ an Englishman. A. he

17、r marry B. her to marry C. her being married D. her marrying 3.She was sad because of _ any chance left. A. there being not B. there not being C. not there being D. there was not 4.If you think a letter is too slow, why not _ a telegram? A. try to have sent B. trying to send C. to try to send D. try

18、 sending 5.There is no chance _ him today. A. in seeing B. to seeing C. of seeing D. about seeing,6.I know you like _ . Would you like _ with me now? A. to swim, to swim B. swimming, swimming C. swimming, to swim D. to swim, swimming 7.Before _, the machine must be checked. A. being used B. using it

19、 C. being used to D. using 8.To give up _ means _ . A. smoking, stopping smoking B. smoking, to stop smoking C. to smoke, to stop to smoke D. to smoke, stopping to smoke 9. What do you think of the book? Oh, excellent. Its worth _ a second time. A. to read B. reading C. to be read D. being read 10.

20、“What has made you so upset?” “_ my new bike.” A. Lost B. Because of losing C. Since I lost D. Losing,11. I still remember _ to Beijing when I was six. A. to take B. taking C. having taking D. having been taken 12. Some foreigner used to _ on the left in their own countries, but now they have got us

21、ed to _ on the right in our country. A. driving, drive B. drive, drive C. drive, driving D. driving, driving 13. He remained _ there, for he grew _ in many things there. A. staying, interesting B. staying, interested C. to stay, interest D. stayed, interested 14. It is important for parents and youn

22、g people to learn how to get through to each other and develop skill in understanding and _. A. being understood B. to be understood C. understand D. understood 15. _ more trees is good for health and it is also important to stop waste from factories _ our surroundings. A. To plant, pollute B. Plant

23、ing, to pollute C. Plant, polluting D. Planting, polluting,16. I would appreciate _ back this afternoon. A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D. youre calling 17. How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden? A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking 18. “The light in the office is stil

24、l on.” “Oh, I forgot _ .” A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off 19. “I must apologize for _ ahead of time.” “Thats all right.” A. letting you not know B. not letting you know C. letting you know not D. letting not you know 20. It happened _ when I left the statio

25、n, so I had to wait until the rain stopped. A. to be raining B. to have rained C. to rain D. raining,21. _ more attention, the trees could have grown better. A . Given B . To give C . Giving D . Having given 22. Climbing mountains was _, so we all felt _. A. tiring ; tired B. tired ; tiring C. tirin

26、g ; tiring D. tired ; tired 23. The _ morning, the father came into the lonely house , _ by his naughty boy . A. following ; following B. followed ; followed C. following ; followed D. followed ; following 24. _ these pictures, I couldnt help thinking of those days when I was in Beijing and _ from t

27、he top of a thirty-storeyed building, Beijing looks more magnificent. A. Seeing ; seen B. Seen ; seeing C. Seeing ; seeing D. Seen ; seen 25. Mrs White was glad to see the nurse _ after her son and her daughter and was also pleased to see children well _ care of in the nursery. A. looked ; taken B. looking ; taken C. looked ;