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1、Chapter 27 Amino Acids, Peptides,and Proteins. Nucleic Acids27.1Classification of Amino AcidsWhile their name implies that amino acids are compounds that contain an NH2 group and aCO2H group, these groups are actuallypresent as NH3+ and CO2 respectively.They are classified as a, b, g, etc. amino aci

2、ds according the carbon that bears the nitrogen.Fundamentals+ NH3an a-amino acid that is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of ethyleneCO 2a b-amino acid that is one of the structural units present in coenzyme A+H3NCH2CH2CO2b+a g-amino acid involved in the transmission of nerve impulsesH3NCH2CH2CH2

3、CO2gaAmino AcidsMore than 700 amino acids occur naturally, but 20 of them are especially important.These 20 amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.All are a-amino acids.They differ in respect to the group attached to the a carbon.These 20 are listed in Table 27.1 (p 1054-1055).The 20 Key Am

4、ino AcidsOH+ H3NOCCThe amino acids obtained by hydrolysis of proteins differ in respect to R (the side chain).The properties of the amino acid vary as the structure of R varies.RTable 27.1OH+ H3NOGlycine(Gly or G)CCHGlycine is the simplest amino acid. one in the table that is achiral.It is the onlyI

5、n all of the other amino acids in the table the acarbon is a stereogenic center.Table 27.1OH+ H3NOCCCH3Alanine(Ala or A)Table 27.1OH+ H3NOCCCH(CH3)2Valine(Val or V)Table 27.1OH+ H3NOCCCH2CH(CH3)2Leucine(Leu or L)Table 27.1OH+ H3NOCCCH3CHCH2CH3Isoleucine(Ile or I)Table 27.1OH+ H3NOCCCH3SCH2CH2Methion

6、ine(Met or M)Table 27.1OH+ H2NH2COCCCH2C H2Proline(Pro or P)Table 27.1OH+ H3NOCCCH2Phenylalanine(Phe or F)Table 27.1OH+ H3NOCCCH2Tryptophan(Trp or W)HN Table 27.1OH+ H3NOCCH2NCCH2OAsparagine(Asn or N)Table 27.1OH+ H3NOCCH2NCCH2CH2OGlutamine (Gln or Q)Table 27.1OH+ H3NOCCCH2OHSerine(Ser or S)Table 27

7、.1OH+ H3NOCCCH3CHOHThreonine(Thr or T)Table 27.1OH+ H3NOCCOCCH2OAspartic Acid(Asp or D)Table 27.1OH+ H3NOCCOCCH CH22OGlutamic Acid(Glu or E)Table 27.1OH+ H3NOCCCH2Tyrosine(Tyr or Y)OHTable 27.1OH+ H3NOCCCH2SHCysteine(Cys or C)Table 27.1OH+ H3NOCC+CH2CH2CH2CH2NH3Lysine(Lys or K)Table 27.1OH+ H3NOCCCH2CH2CH2NHCNH2+NH2Arginine (Arg or R)Table 27.1OH+ H3NOCCCH2NNHHistidine(His or H)Table 27.127.2Stereochemistry of Amino AcidsGlycine is achiral.All o

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