初中被動語態(tài)講解

1、被動語態(tài)一概念：英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)，即主動語態(tài)(The Active Voice)與被動語態(tài)（The Passive Voice)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者;被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。例：1. They make trains in Xian. Trains are made in Xian by them. 2. Xm beats Xx evey day. Xx is beaten by Xm every day. 二構成be + done (p.p.-及物動詞的過去分詞）一般現(xiàn)在時 amis are + v.p.p.一般過去時 waswere +v.p.p.一般將來時 will

2、 bebe going to be + v.p.p.過去將來時would be/was,were going to be + v.p.p現(xiàn)在進行時am/is/are being + v.p.p.過去進行時was/were being+ v.p.p.現(xiàn)在完成時 have/has +been+ v.p.p情態(tài)動詞 aux.v. (mustcancouldmay) + be + v.p.p.三被動語態(tài)的使用1. 當我們不知道或沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者時；例：1. His car was stolen last night.2. Basketball is played in most count

3、ries. 2. 動作的承受者是談話的中心 （常由by引起）例：1. A lot of articles (that) we have learned were written by Lu Xun.四不用被動語態(tài)的情況1. 某些及物動詞+ adv表主動，特別是后加副詞（如well， easily等）時。主動語態(tài)有被動含義，這類動詞常見的有sell，write，wear，wash，photograph, clean, cook, cut例：1. This book sells well.2. Your pen writes really well/smoothly. 3. This dress

4、(that) my mom bought for me wears well4. She does not photograph well. 5. The cheese doesnt cut easily. Its too soft. 句子是主謂結構時，不用被動語態(tài)。常見的謂語動詞有：happen, take place, (dis)appear, rise, break out, come about, come true, come out, run out, turn out例：1. A traffic accident happened just now.2. Great change

5、s are taking place in my hometown. 3. He disappears.4. When a gay person comes out, they let people know that he is a gay. 3. 連系動詞無被動：感官系動詞：look、feel、sound、smell、taste “表變化的系動詞”：become、grow、turn、fall、get “表保持的系動詞”：keep, reamain, stay prove + 形容詞，名詞或不定式5 注意1. 使役動詞(make, have, let) 和感官動詞 (see, watch,

6、notice, hear, find) 后跟省略了to的動詞不定式, 但在被動語態(tài)中必須還原to。例：1. We noticed a stranger enter the classroom. A stranger was noticed to enter the classroom.2. We heared him sing that morning. He was heared to sing that morning.3. They found him steal a necklace from a shop. He was found to steal a necklace from.

7、注意：這些感官動詞在中考中會出現(xiàn)其后跟doing的備選項，其意義為“看到，聽到，發(fā)現(xiàn)，注意到某人正在做某事）2. 含雙賓語的被動語態(tài)：直接賓語（物）和間接賓語（人） 主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)時有兩種情況： 把間接賓語改為被動語態(tài)的主語，直接賓語仍保留原位；例：1. He gave a book to me. I was given a book by him.2. He bought a gift for me. I was bought a gift by him.把直接賓語改為主動語態(tài)的主語，此時，間接賓語前要加介詞to或 for。例：1. He gave a book to me. A bo

8、ok was given to me by him2. He bought a gift for me. A gift was bought for me by him.3. 有些不及物動詞加介詞構成“及物動詞短語”，變成被動語態(tài)時注意不能丟掉介詞例：look after, look at, take care of, take a photo of， laugh at , be used for 1. He looks after his sister. His sister is looked after by him. 2. We must take good care of our c

9、hildren. Our children must be taken good care of. 3. I will take a photo of you. You will be taken a photo of by me. 現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)【學習目標】1.現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的結構 2. 現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的主要用法3使用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)需要注意的問題【課前預習】現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的結構就是 現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)和被動語態(tài)結構的疊合，即“ have + been + 動詞過去分詞”。試比較以下幾組句子的謂語結構：主動：He has repaired the machine for two

10、 hours. （他修理這臺機器已有兩小時了）被動： The machine has been repaired for two hours. （這臺機器已修了兩小時了） 2. 主動句：The teacher has borrowed the books. （老師把那些書借走了） 被動句：The books have been borrowed by the teacher. （那些書被老師借走了） 【本課重點】一、現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的構成 1現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的肯定式：由“have has been 及物動詞的過去分詞”構成。例如：Two windows have been broken兩個

11、窗子被打破了。2現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的否定式：由“have has notbeen 及物動詞的過去分詞”構成。例如：The car has not been repaired這輛汽車還沒有修好。3現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的一般疑問式：由“Have Has 主語been及物動詞的過去分詞”構成。例如：Has her work been finished？她的工作完成了嗎？ Yes，it has是的，完成了。Have the cars been repaired？這些汽車修好了嗎？No，they havent不，還沒有。現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的特殊疑問式：由“疑問詞havehas主語been及物動詞的過去分詞

12、”構成。例如：How long has her work been finished？她的工作完成有多久了？Who has been helped by the new computer？誰已經得到了這臺新計算機的幫助？How many new words have been learned by the students？這些學生已經學會了多少單詞？二、現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的主要用法1表示被動的動作發(fā)生在說話之前（即現(xiàn)在的過去），強調對現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結果。例如：The door has been locked門被鎖上了。（結果是現(xiàn)在沒有人能進去）2表示一個被動的動作或狀態(tài)開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)

13、在，并可能將持續(xù)下去，常與for或since引導的時間狀語連用，或用于How long？句型中。例如：They have been told about it for many times有人告訴他們這事很多次了。（可能還會有人告訴他們） How long has the machine been used？這機器使用有多久了？三、使用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)需要注意的問題1現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)有兩個助動詞，即 have has和been，兩者缺一不可。2注意與一般過去時被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別。一般過去時的被動語態(tài)表示一個被動的動作發(fā)生在過去某個時候，其結果對現(xiàn)在沒有影響；而現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的動作或狀態(tài)

14、盡管發(fā)生在過去，但側重說明該動作或狀態(tài)對現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結果。例如：The house was built last year這房子是去年建造的。 The house has been built這房子已經建好了。3由finish，buy，start，begin，post，return，borrow， join，marry，open等詞構成的現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)不能與表示一段時間的狀語如for four days，how long等連用，而要改換動詞或時態(tài)。例如：譯：這本書買了多久了？誤：How long has this book been bought？ 正：How long ago wa

15、s this book bought？但這類動詞的否定式可表示動作的持續(xù)過程，具有延續(xù)性，因而可與since或for引導的時間段連用。例如：No books have been bought since last week自上周以來，沒有人來買過書。4短語動詞是一個不可分割的整體，在被動結構中要保持完整性，不可省略短語動詞中的介詞或副詞。例如：The orphan has been well looked after這位孤兒一直受到很好的照顧?！眷柟叹毩暋?. No permission has _ for anybody to enter the building.A. been given

16、 B. gave C. given D. be give2. By 2003, 28 Chinese culture relics _ on World Heritage List by UNESCO.A. be placed B. placed C. have been placed D. have placed3. A lot of money _ to protect the old temple. A. have been spent B. has spent C. have spent D. has been spent4. The Summer Palace _ by so man

17、y tourists that some of the relics are not well protected.A. has been visited B. is visited C. to be visited D. visits5. The Great Wall _ many times in history.A. is rebuilt B. has been rebuilt C. been rebuilt D. rebuilt6. The Stonehenge _ existed for more than 3,000 years. A. is B. be C. has been D

18、.has been7.How many times _ not to play with fire?Im sorry. Ill never do that again.A. do you tell B. had you told C. are you told D. have you been told 8. The fire _ to the fifth floor. _ all the people _? A. has got; Have; been saved B. has been got; Have; saved C. has got; Do; save D. has got; Ha

19、ve; saved9. Old paintings _ according to the descriptions.A. are carefully recreated B. have been carefully recreatedC. have be recreated D. been carefully recreated10. The ancient kings tomb _ by thieves.A. be stolen B. stole C. stolen D. has been stolen11. More visitors _ to Beijing since the repair project _.A. have brought; was completed B. have been brought; was completedC. have