學(xué)科教育論文-動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞用法要點(diǎn)講解.doc

學(xué)科教育論文-動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞用法要點(diǎn)講解一、作主語(yǔ)不定式作主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)，其位置有以下兩種：(1)把不定式置于句首。如：Togettherebybikewilltakeushalfanhour.(2)用it作形式主語(yǔ)，把真正的主語(yǔ)不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如：Itbe名詞todoItsourdutytotakegoodcareoftheold.Ittakessb+sometime+todoHowlongdidittakeyoutofinishthework?Itbe形容詞forsbtodoItisdifficultforustofinishwritingthecompositioninaquarterofanhour.Itbe形容詞ofsbtodoItisstupidofyoutowritedowneverythingtheteachersays.Itseems(appears)形容詞todoItseemedimpossibletosavemoney.在句型中，常用表示客觀情況的形容詞，如：difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary等；在句型中，常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等表示贊揚(yáng)或批評(píng)的詞。在不定式前的sb，可看作其邏輯主語(yǔ)。這一句式有時(shí)相當(dāng)于Sbis形容詞todo句式，如：ItskindofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish.=YouarekindtohelpmewithmyEnglish.動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)Learningwithoutpracticeisnogood.動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，也常用It句式。如：Its+nogood(nouse,fun,apleasure,awasteoftime)+doingItsnogoodreadingindimlight.Itsnousesittingherewaiting.Its形容詞doingItsdangerousswimmingintheseainwindydays.這樣用的形容詞有expensive,nice,tiring等，但important,necessary則不適用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)用不定式代替，如：Itsimportantforyoutokeepfit.Thereisno+doingThereisnosayingwhatwillhappennext.在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)名詞后常帶賓語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于Itsimpossibleto結(jié)構(gòu)。動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)的區(qū)別不定式作主語(yǔ)經(jīng)常表示具體動(dòng)作，常與特定的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者聯(lián)系在一起；而動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)經(jīng)常表示抽象動(dòng)作，經(jīng)常不與特定的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者聯(lián)系在一起。如：Itsnogoodeatingtoomuchfat.Itsnogoodforyoutoeatsomuchfat.動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)，可以用名詞或代詞屬格形式作邏輯主語(yǔ)。如：Itsnouseyourpretendingthatyoudidntknowtherules.二、作賓語(yǔ)不定式作賓語(yǔ)以下動(dòng)詞后，只能跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)。如：agree,ask,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail,help,hope,lean,long,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,wish等，這些詞大部分可接that引導(dǎo)的從句。如：Idecidedtoaskformymoneyback.IdecidedthatIwouldaskformymoneyback.Whenourvisittothefarmwasover,weexpectedtostartbackonfoot.Whenourvisittothefarmwasover,weexpectedthatwewouldstartbackonfoot.當(dāng)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中的賓語(yǔ)是不定式時(shí)，先用形式賓語(yǔ)it代替不定式，把不定式置于補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之后，即：主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞it補(bǔ)語(yǔ)todo句式。如：Wethinkitquiteimportantforustolearnaforeignlanguagewell.Hefeelsithisdutytohelpthepoor.介詞but,except,besides+todo(do)在這種句型中，如介詞前有動(dòng)詞do，后面應(yīng)接不帶to的不定式；如無(wú)do，則接to不定式，即帶do不帶to，帶to不帶do。如：Theenemysoldiershadnochoicebuttogivein.OnSundayafternoonIhadnothingtodobutwatchTV.動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)以下動(dòng)詞后，只能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，如：admit,appreciate,consider,delay,enjoy,finish,keep,imagine,mind,miss,practise,resist,risk,save,suggest,dontmind,giveup,insist,on,putoff等。如：Isuggestspendingoursummervacationinaseasidetown.Youmustgiveupsmoking,foritdoestoomuchharmtoyourhealth.動(dòng)名詞作介詞的賓語(yǔ)Ishouldgotoattendthebirthdaycelebrationinsteadofstayingathome.WhataboutinvitingLiJuntomakeaspeech?動(dòng)名詞前的介詞有時(shí)可以省略，如：havedifficulty(in)doing,havenotrouble(in)doing,losenotime(in)doing,prevent/stop(from)doing,thereisnouse(in)doing等。部分動(dòng)詞后面，既可接動(dòng)詞不定式，也可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，意義不變。如：begin,continue,start,hate,like,love,need,require,want等。在need,require,want后接-ing形式，表示被動(dòng)意義，也可接不定式，但要用被動(dòng)形式，如：Yourhandwritingneedsimproving(tobeimproved).hate,love,like接不定式表示特定的未來(lái)事件，接動(dòng)名詞表示目前正在進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)或一般的行為。在下列情況下，一般要用不定式：hate,like,love前有would(should)時(shí)，如：Idliketohaveacupofcoffee.當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞begin,continue,start等是進(jìn)行式時(shí)，如：Thestudentsarestartingtoworkonthedifficultmathsproblem.begin,continue,start與know,understand等狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用時(shí)，如：Isoonbegantounderstandwhatwashappening.advise,allow,encourage,forbid,permit等動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，或帶不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：Ourteachersdontpermitourswimminginthelake.Ourteachersdontpermitustoswiminthelake.部分動(dòng)詞后接不定式或動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，意義差別較大，應(yīng)根據(jù)句子語(yǔ)境選擇使用。forget,remember,regret后接不定式，表示現(xiàn)在或未來(lái)的動(dòng)作，接動(dòng)名詞表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。如：Dontforgetfoposttheletterforme.Haveyou