2018年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法專題特殊句式復(fù)習(xí)講含解析新人教版.docx

特殊句式語(yǔ)法知識(shí)精講特殊句式一、考點(diǎn)梳理。1.考查否定詞置于句首時(shí)的倒裝形式【例】 Never in my wildest dreams_these people are living in such poor conditions. A.I could imagine B.could I imagine C.I couldnt imagine D.couldnt I imagine【答案】B2.考查否定的介詞短語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí)的倒裝形式 【例】Ive tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means_with my progress. A. the teacher is not satisfied B.is the teacher not satisfied C. the teacher is satisfied D. is the teacher satisfied【答案】D【解析】當(dāng)by no means, in no case, on no condition等表示否定意義的介詞短語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí)，其后要用倒裝語(yǔ)序。3.考查soneithernor doI類型的倒裝形式【例】(1) My room gets very cold at night. _. A. So is mine B.So mine is C.So does mine D.So mine does【答案】C【解析】so does mine在此的意思是“我的房間也一樣”。表示“也一樣”時(shí)，so的后面要用倒裝語(yǔ)序，故可排除選項(xiàng)B和D。又因?yàn)榍懊嬉痪涞闹^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞(gets)，所以后面一句要用助動(dòng)詞does，不能用is。所以答案選C。 【例】(2) If Joes wife wont go to the party,_. A. he will either B.neither will he C.he neither will D.either he will【答案】B【解析】當(dāng)要表示“也一樣不”時(shí)，neither后要接倒裝語(yǔ)序，故選B。注意不能用either。注意句子的時(shí)態(tài)。4.考查sothat句式的倒裝形式 【例】So difficult_it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice. A.I did find B.didI find C.I have found D.have I found【答案】B5.考查“only+狀語(yǔ)”置于句首時(shí)的倒裝形式 【例】 Only then_ how much damage had been caused. A. she realized B.she had realized C had she realized D.did she realize【答案】D【解析】當(dāng)“only+狀語(yǔ)”置于句首時(shí)，其后的句子要用倒裝語(yǔ)序。又如：Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened.當(dāng)他回到家里時(shí)才知道出了什么事。 6.考查表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí)的倒裝形式 【例】(1) At the foot of the mountain_. A.a village lie B.lies a village C. does a village lie D.lying a village【答案】B【解析】將地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)at the foot of the mountain置于句首，其后要用完全倒裝。其正常語(yǔ)序?yàn)椋篈 village lies at the foot of the mountain. 【例】(2) Just in front of our house_with a history of l,000 years. A. does a tall tree stand B.stands a tall tree C.a tall tree is standing D.atall tree stands【答案】B【解析】其正常語(yǔ)序?yàn)椋篈 tall tree stands just in front of our house with a history of l,000 years.7. 考查強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的基本形式 即考查It iswas.thatwho.這一強(qiáng)調(diào)句式的用法，其考點(diǎn)主要涉及句首it的正確使用（通常用this，that, he，she等進(jìn)行干擾），句中that/who的正確使用（通常用what, which，how，when，since，before，after，as等進(jìn)行干擾）等。 【例】(1) David said that it was because of his strong interest in literature_hechose the course. A. that B.what C.why D. how【答案】A【解析】考查“It was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that”這一強(qiáng)調(diào)句式，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為介詞短語(yǔ)because of his strong interest in literature. 【例】(2)I dont mind her criticizing me, but_is how she does it that I object to. A. it B.that C.this D. which【答案】A8.考查強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)特殊疑問(wèn)句形式 前面已經(jīng)講到，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)It iswas.thatwho.的特殊疑問(wèn)句形式為“疑問(wèn)詞+is/was it that.”。遇到這類題時(shí)，關(guān)鍵是要能夠識(shí)別它是強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，同時(shí)根據(jù)句意或句子成分確定相應(yīng)疑問(wèn)詞的選擇。 【例】(1)-_that he manage to get the information? -Oh，a friend of his helped him. A. Where was it B.What was it C How was it D. Why was it【答案】C【解析】考查強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的特殊疑問(wèn)句形式，根據(jù)答語(yǔ)的意思可知，問(wèn)句用疑問(wèn)詞how最合適。how在此表示方式。 【例】(2)I just wonder_that makes him so excited. A. why it does B.what he does: C.how it is D. what it is【答案】D9綜合考查強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)和not.until.句式 not.until.句式用于強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為it is/was not until.that.，命題切入點(diǎn)主要有三個(gè)方面：一是考查It iswas not until的正確形式（通常用其肯定式進(jìn)行干擾）；二是考查其中的that的正確用法（通常用when等干擾）；三是考查not until后的詞序（應(yīng)用正常詞序；但可能用倒裝詞序來(lái)干擾）。 【例】 (1) It_we had stayed together for a couple of weeks_I found we had a lot in common. A. was until; when B.was until; that C. wasnt until; when D. wasnt until; that【答案】D【解析】此題考查not.until.句式的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式It was not until.that.的用法。注意不要想當(dāng)然地將其中的that換成when。 【例】 (2) It was not until she got home_Jennifer realized she had lost her keys. A. when B.that C.where D.before【答案】B【解析】考查not.until.的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式，其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為It was not until.that.。10綜合考查強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)和notbut句式 綜合考查強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)與notbut句式所采用的命題形式通常為It iswas not.but.that.形式。 【例】(1) It is not who is right but what is right_is of importance. A. which B.it C.that D. this【答案】C【解析】此題考查It is.that.這一強(qiáng)調(diào)句式，被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是not who is right but what is right，該句意為：重要的不是誰(shuí)是對(duì)的，而是什么才是對(duì)的。 有時(shí)考查notbut的同義結(jié)構(gòu).rather than.與強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的綜合運(yùn)用。例如： 【例】 (2) It is what you do rather than what you say_matters. A. that B.what C.which D.this【答案】A【解析】被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分為what you do rather than what you say句意為：重要的是你怎么做，而不是你怎么說(shuō)。二、要點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥一、完全倒裝 1. here, there, away, down, in, up, off, out, now, then, next等表方位的副詞或時(shí)間副詞放在句首，且句子主語(yǔ)為名詞時(shí)。Here comes the bus.公共汽車朝這兒開(kāi)過(guò)來(lái)了。 【例】For a moment nothing happened Then all shouting together. A. voices had come B. came voices C. voices would come D. did voices come 【答案】B【解析】考查特殊句式。副詞then位于句首，且當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí)，句子用全部倒裝句，選B。 2表地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)位于句首時(shí)。 In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor. 在英國(guó)一所大學(xué)的演講廳里坐著一位教授。 From the valley came a frightening sound. 從山谷里傳來(lái)了一陣可怕的聲音。 3形容詞、-ed分詞、-ing分詞或介詞短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)置于句首，強(qiáng)調(diào)表語(yǔ)時(shí)，或?yàn)楸３志渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)平衡用倒裝。 Present at the meeting were Professor White and many other guests.懷特教授和很多其他客人出席了會(huì)議。（形容詞） Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people 他們對(duì)中國(guó)人民為所欲為的日子一去不復(fù)返了。（過(guò)去分詞） 4在there be句型中，要用完全倒裝。 二、部分倒裝 1only+副詞介詞短語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)從句位于句首時(shí)。但only+主語(yǔ)位于句首不倒裝。 Only in this way can you master English. 只有用這種方式你才能掌握英語(yǔ)。 Only when he returned did we find out the truth. 只有當(dāng)他返回時(shí)，我們才能發(fā)現(xiàn)真相。 2. hardly., when,., no sooner., than., never, not, no longer，little，not until，seldom，in no time，nowhere等否定副詞、否定的介詞短語(yǔ)和連詞位于句首時(shí)。 Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework. 直到老師來(lái)他才完成家庭作業(yè)。 Never before have I seen such, a moving film.我以前從未看過(guò)一部如此感人的電影?！纠縉ot until I came home last night _ to bed. A. Mum did go B. did Mum go C. went Mum D. Mum went 【答案】B 【解析】考查倒裝語(yǔ)序的用法。not until 位于句首時(shí)要用半倒裝的句型，把助動(dòng)詞did提到主語(yǔ)Mum的前面。所以答案為：B 【例】Little about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself. A. did Rose care B. Rose did care C. Rose does care D. does Rose care 【答案】A【解析】考查特殊句式。little是具有否定意義的詞，位于句首時(shí)句子用部分倒裝句，選A。 3sothat中的so，以及such.that.中的such.位于句首時(shí)。 So carelessly did he drive that he almost killed himself. 他開(kāi)車太粗心了，差一點(diǎn)送了自己的命。 Such a lovely boy is he that we all like him. 他是如此可愛(ài)的一個(gè)男孩以至于我們都喜歡他。 So frightened was he that he dared not go out.他如此害怕以至于他不敢出去。 【例】So sudden _that the enemy had no time to escape. A. did the attack B. the attack did C. was the attack D. the attack was 【答案】C 4副詞形容詞名詞動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞+ as/though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句?！纠縐nsatisfied with the payment, he took the job just to got some work experience. A. though was he B. though he was C. he was though D. was he though 【答案】B【解析】考查倒裝句的用法。Though/as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)要采用倒裝語(yǔ)序，把表語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞原形提到though前構(gòu)成倒裝句。Unsatisfied though he was=though he was unsatisfied.【例】 I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day, _ do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin.A. as B. which C. when D. though【答案】A【例】Try as he might,he didnt succeed. 盡管他盡了力，還是沒(méi)成功。 5在if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句中，if省略，were，had與should移到主語(yǔ)前。 Should it not rain, the crops would die. 如果不下雨，莊稼就要枯死了。 6not only., but also.連接并列分句且置于句首時(shí)前倒后不倒，但連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)不倒裝?！纠縏he computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only _ , but students became more interested in the lessons. A. saved was teachers energy B. was teachers energy savedC. teachers energy was saved D. was saved teachers energy【答案】B?！窘馕觥烤湟鉃椋河?jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用于教學(xué)。結(jié)果，不僅教師節(jié)省能量，而且學(xué)生對(duì)課程更感興趣?？疾椤皀ot only.but also.”， 放在句首作狀語(yǔ)，句子則進(jìn)行部分倒裝。前一部分倒裝，后一部分不倒裝。 Not only did the garage overcharge me, but they hadnt done a very good repair job either. 修車廠不僅對(duì)我超額收費(fèi)，而且維修工作還很差。 Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it. 不僅幫助人們尋找工作。而且也將提供醫(yī)療給那些需要的人。 7neither., nor.連接并列分句且置于句首時(shí)前后都倒裝，但連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)不倒裝。 Neither is he clever,nor does he work hard. 他既不聰明也不努力。 8neither/nor/no more表否定位于句首時(shí)；so表肯定位于句首時(shí)。so+助動(dòng)詞十主語(yǔ)前后主語(yǔ)不一樣，表示前面的情況也適用于后者。主語(yǔ)十助動(dòng)詞+ so表示某人做了那件事。so+主語(yǔ)十助動(dòng)詞前后主語(yǔ)一致，表示確實(shí)如此?！癝o do I”在口語(yǔ)中常說(shuō)成“Me too”。I like fresh fruit我喜歡新鮮水果。Me too（ So do I）我也喜歡。 They love having lots of friends;so do those with disabilities.他們喜歡有很多的朋友，殘疾人也一樣。 He came last night,and so did I. 他昨晚來(lái)了，我也是。省略 （一）、定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞 定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞that，which，whom可省略；當(dāng)先行詞是reason，place時(shí)，作狀語(yǔ)的關(guān)系副詞why，whose也可省略。 I dont know the reason (why) he was late for class.我不知道他上課遲到的原因。 （二）、狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略現(xiàn)象 1當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)一致，且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可以省略狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞，這時(shí)從句中可出現(xiàn)如下結(jié)構(gòu)： (1)連詞(as，as if,once)+名詞 As (he was)a young man,he used to be a store keeper.他年輕時(shí)當(dāng)過(guò)店員。 (2)連詞(though, whether, when)+形容詞 Work hard when (you are) young,or youll regret.年輕的時(shí)候努力學(xué)習(xí)，否則你就會(huì)后悔。 (3)連詞(whether,as if， while)+介詞短語(yǔ) He looked everywhere as if (he was) in search of something他四處看，好像在找什么東西。 (4)連詞(when, while, though)+現(xiàn)在分詞 While(1 was) walking along the street,I heard my name called.當(dāng)我正沿街走的時(shí)候，聽(tīng)到有人叫我的名字。 (5)連詞(when,ifeven if ,unless, once, until, than, as)+過(guò)去分詞 The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected. 這個(gè)展覽比預(yù)料的更有趣。 (6)連詞(as if,as though) + 不定式 He opened his lips as if (he were) to speak. 他張開(kāi)嘴，好像要說(shuō)話。 2當(dāng)從句中主語(yǔ)是it，且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中又含有be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可以把it和be動(dòng)詞一起省略。此時(shí)構(gòu)成連詞(if，unless，when，whenever)+形容詞的結(jié)構(gòu)。 Unless (it is) necessary, youd better not. refer to the dictionary除非需要，你最好不要查字典。 另外，我們還可以用so或not替代上文內(nèi)容，此時(shí)可構(gòu)成if+ so/not的省略句式： Get up early tomorrow. If not (you dont get up early),you will miss the first bus. 明天早點(diǎn)兒起床。否則的話，你會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)第一班公交車的。 He may not be at home then,if so (he is not at home) ,leave him a note 他那時(shí)可能不在家，如果是那樣的話，給他留張字條。 3不定式省略，單獨(dú)使用不定式符號(hào)to。 (1)代替動(dòng)詞不定式后被省略的動(dòng)詞，常跟在expect，forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want,wish等詞的后面。 I asked him to see the film,but he didnt want to. 我要求他去看電影，但他不想去。 (2)跟在have，need，ought, be going，used等詞的后面。 I didnt want to go there,but I had to. 我不想去那兒，但我不得不去。 (3)跟在某些形容詞如glad，happy，pleased，delighted，afraid，anxious，eager，ready，willing等的后面。 Will you join in the game ?你要加入游戲中嗎？ Id be glad to我很高興加入。 (4)不定式在某些動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，常見(jiàn)的這類動(dòng)詞有：allow, ask, expect, force, invite, permit, persuade, order, wish,warn等。 He didnt come,though we had invited him to (come). 雖然我們邀請(qǐng)了他，但他卻沒(méi)來(lái)。 (5)不定式在chance，courage，time等名詞后作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，連to也可省略。 He will never go abroad even if he has a chance (to go abroad).即使他有一次機(jī)會(huì)，他也不出國(guó)。 (6)否定形式的省略用not to。 Shall I go instead of him?我該代替他去嗎？ I prefer not to但愿不要。 (7)如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，通常保留be，have和have been。 Are you a sailor?你是個(gè)水手嗎？ No，but I used to be不，但我以前是。 He hasnt finished yet他還沒(méi)完成。 Well，he ought to have.哦，他本該已經(jīng)完成了。 4慣用的省略結(jié)構(gòu) (1)無(wú)動(dòng)詞祈使句和無(wú)主句祝愿語(yǔ)，句尾往往用感嘆號(hào)。 If only I could remember his name! 要是我能記住他的名字多好啊！ (2) How/What about句型 What about some more milk?再喝一點(diǎn)牛奶，好嗎？ (3)Why not do?句型 ， Why not go at once?為什么不立即走呢？ 【例】Some of you may have finished unit one. _, you can go on to unit two.A. If you may B. If you do C. If not D. If so【答案】D 【解析】本題考查省略句的用法。 If so = If you have done that / so強(qiáng)調(diào)句1使用某些詞來(lái)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，如so，such，really和just。 Our classmates were so excited when they were listening to her speech 當(dāng)他們聽(tīng)她的演講時(shí)是如此的激動(dòng)。 I have never seen such a beautiful picture before. 我從來(lái)就沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)這么美的畫。2如果要強(qiáng)調(diào)句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞以外的其他部分，我們可以使用“It+be+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that從句”的句型。 A)我們可以用這個(gè)句型強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。下列例句表明如何強(qiáng)調(diào)句子中的不同部分： I saw Mr. White in the park last Sunday. 上周日我在公園看見(jiàn)White先生了。 It was l who saw Mr. White in the park last Sunday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)） 上周日是我在公園看見(jiàn)White先生的。 It was Mr. White whom/that I saw in the park last Sunday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)） 上周日我在公園看見(jiàn)的是White先生。 It was in the park that I saw Mr. White last Sunday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)） 上周日我是在公園看到White先生的。 It was last Sunday that I saw Mr. White in the park（強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)） 我是上周日在公園看到White先生的。 如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是一個(gè)人或一群人，我們使用who或that引導(dǎo)從句。 B)當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)，我們通常用其賓格形式。 It was me who went to Canada last summer. 就是我去年夏天去了加拿大。 C)這種強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)也可用于疑問(wèn)句。 Was it yesterday that you met your teacher in the street? 你是昨天在大街上碰到你老師的嗎？ Who was it that told you such a thing? 究竟是誰(shuí)告訴你這么件事的？ Why was it that you didnt come to the meeting yesterday? 究竟是為什么你昨天沒(méi)有來(lái)開(kāi)會(huì)？ D)我們還可使用“It was not until. that”這個(gè)句型強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 It was not until he took off his dark glasses that I recognized him. 直到他摘掉墨鏡我才認(rèn)出他來(lái)。 3如果要強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)的肯定句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，我們?cè)谠搫?dòng)詞前加助動(dòng)詞do或did。 Many of the films are from the USA,but we do give awards to films from other countries. 許多電影是來(lái)自于美國(guó)，但我們的確也給其他國(guó)家的影片頒獎(jiǎng)。 He did come to see you last Sunday,but you were out. 他上周日的確來(lái)看過(guò)你，但是你出去了?！纠縄t was _ he came bank from Africa that year _ he met the girl he would like to marry.A. when; then B. not; until C. not u