過去完成時和直接引語.ppt

高一外研版必修三,Module 3 The Violence of nature Grammar 1&2,Grammar 1,1. By the time the tornado ended, more than 700 people had been killed. 2. Coghlan traveled back to Canada after he had been buried in Texas. 3. My computer had been all right till last week.,Grammar 1-1. Observation (3m) look at the sentences and answer the questions,1. Which event happened first? the tornado ending 700 people dying (c) travelling back to Canada (d) being buried in Texas 2. How can you show that one event happened before another? By using a tense which is further in the past (in this case the past perfect tense),過去完成時,(1) 概念：表示過去的過去 -|-|-|- 那時以前 那時 現(xiàn)在 其構(gòu)成是had+過去分詞構(gòu)成。 (2) 用法 a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從句。 She said (that) she had never been to Paris.,b. 狀語從句 在過去不同時間發(fā)生的兩個動作中，發(fā)生在先，用過去完成時；發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. c. 表示意向的動詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時表示 “原本 ，未能” We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.,(3) 過去完成時的時間狀語 before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as。 e.g.: 1. He said that he had learned some English before. 2. By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 3. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.,被動語態(tài),被動語態(tài)表示主語為動作的承受者。只有及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)，被動語態(tài)的具體用法如下所表示：,After the hurricane, Mary _ (see) that the roof of her house _ (disappear) 2. She _ (return) home and _ (find) all her furniture _ (ruin) by the flood. 3. Arthur was surprised when he _ (arrive) home because the tornado _ (take) the feathers off his chickens.,Grammar 1 - 2. Exercise Finish the exercise at Activity 2, Page 24.,saw,returned,had disappeared,found,had been ruined,arrived,had taken,4. We _ (leave) the house when the thunderstorm _ (fininsh). 5. He _ (try) to drive back to his home Before the flood _ (pass) through the Village.,left,had finished,tried,passed,注意：當從句由after, before, when或 as soon as引導(dǎo)時，主句和從句都可以用 一般過去時。,Grammar 1- 2. Exercise Finish the exercise at Activity 2, Page 24.,Grammar 1 - 3. Finish the exercise at Activity 3, Page 24.,destroy die fall flood kill,1 After the earthquake, they discovered that several people _ 2 When the hurricane ended , several buildings in the town _ His village _ in the heavy rain, so he moved to his parents house.,had been killed / had died,had been destroyed /had fallen down,had been flooded /had been destroyed,4 When she woke up, she found that her house _ by the thunderstorm. 5 Arthur was unhappy because some of his animals _.,had been destroyed,had died/had been killed,When Li Ming hurried home, he found that his mother _already_to hospital. has; been sent B. had; sent C. has; sent D. had; been sent 2. We _five English songs by the end of last term. had learned B. learned C. have learned D. will have learned,Exercises,D,A,3. Han Mei told me she _lunch, so she was very hungry. A. has had B. hasnt have C. have had D. hadnt had 4. By the end of 1976, many buildings _ built in the city. A. have been B. have C. had been D. will 5. She _her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _home. A. has left; comes B. had left; would come C. had left; came D. left; had come,D,C,C,6. He said that it was at least ten years since I _a good drink. A. had enjoyed B. was enjoying C. have enjoyed D. have been enjoying 7. The meeting _ when Mr. Wang _ to school. A. has begun; get B. has been on; get C. had begun; got D. had been on; got,A,C,For more exercises, click here.,Grammar 2 Indirect speech,Grammar 2 -1. Observation,定義：直接引語:直接引用別人的話,把它放在引號內(nèi)。 間接引語:用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話。,“Im a beatiful girl.” She said (Direct speech) She said she was a beatiful girl. (Indirect Speech),“Im still working because there is a lot to do.” he said.,He said that he was still working because there was a lot to do.,present simple becomes past simple,Grammar 2 -2. Observation What are the tense changes in indirect speech?,He said, “Eleven thousand people live here and six thousand left last week.”,He said that eleven thousand people lived there and six thousand had left a week before.,present simple becomes past simple; past simple becomes past perfect; Here becomes there; last week becomes a week before.,“Does this mean that the danger is over?” he asked.,He asked if this meant that the danger was over.,present simple becomes past simple; We add “if” if the direct speech is a “Yes / No question”.,He often says, “China is great.” He often says (that) China is great. 2. “I dont want to play football.” he said. He said (that) he didnt want to play football.,陳述句變?yōu)殚g接引語,要用that引導(dǎo)從句,口語中常可省略。,Grammar 2 -3. Rules Read following sentences, then draw a conclusion of them.,1. He says, “Is Tom an Englishman?” He asked whether/if Tom was an Englishman. 2. He asked me“ Do you want to go?” He asked me if/whether I wanted to go.,一般疑問句變成間接引語,要由連詞if/whether引導(dǎo),并將原來的疑問句語序變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z序。,Grammar 2 -3.Rules Read following sentences, then draw a conclusion of them.,1. He said, “Where is she going?” He asked where she was going. 2. He asked me “what did you do?” He asked me what I had done.,特殊疑問句變?yōu)殚g接引語,引導(dǎo)詞仍用特殊疑問詞,但疑問語序要變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序。,Grammar 2 -3. Rules Read following sentences, then draw a conclusion of them.,1. “Tom,” he said to him, “come here, please.” He asked Tom to go there. 2. Father said to me ,“Dont do that.” Father told me not to do that.,祈使句變?yōu)殚g接引語時,用ask / tell / order sb. to/not to do sth. 連接。,Grammar 2 -3. Rules Read following sentences, then draw a conclusion of them.,Answers:,Grammar 2 4. Exercise Finish the exercise at Activity 2, Page 26.,1 Volcanic eruptions dont happen very often on the island. A scientist said that _ _. 2 No one was on the island during the volcanic eruption. A local journalist said that _ _.,volcanic eruptions didnt,happen very often on the island,no one was/had been,on the island during the volcanic eruption,Answers:,3 The thunderstorm will put out the fires. Local people said that _ _. 4 The residents can go back to their homes. The governor said that _ _.,the thunderstorm would,put out the fires,the residents could go,back to their homes,Answers:,5 Seval eruptions have taken place in the last twenty years. A local radio station said that _