翻譯技巧2句子成分的轉(zhuǎn)譯.ppt

句子成分的轉(zhuǎn)譯,Outline,1、主語的轉(zhuǎn)譯 2、謂語的轉(zhuǎn)譯 3、賓語的轉(zhuǎn)譯 4、狀語的轉(zhuǎn)譯 5、定語的轉(zhuǎn)譯,1、主語的轉(zhuǎn)譯,A主語轉(zhuǎn)譯為謂語 主語由含有動作意義的名詞充當(dāng) 1）In recent years increasing attention had been paid to the economic benefit in the production of our factory. 近年來，我廠越來越注重經(jīng)濟效益。,2）In every corner of the campus, talk of Chinas entering WTO is in the air. 在校園里學(xué)生們廣泛地談?wù)撝袊尤胧蕾Q(mào)組織的話題。,B主語轉(zhuǎn)化為賓語 A) 被動句式，即主語是句中謂語動詞的行為對象； B) there be句型； C)連系動詞作謂語，并且主語在意義上具有結(jié)論或推論結(jié)果的含義，即，可將它轉(zhuǎn)譯為“是”的賓語。,1）As the match burns, heat and light are given off. 火柴燃燒時發(fā)出光和熱。,2）Much progress has been made in computer science in the last 20 years. 計算機科學(xué)在近20年內(nèi)取得了很大的進步。,3) There always has been gaps in the economic interests of the two countries, which can not be bridged by one bilateral talk. 兩國的經(jīng)濟利益一直存在分歧，通過一次雙邊談話是沒辦法解決的。,C主語轉(zhuǎn)譯為狀語 有時英語句中的主語是說明行為的原因、條件、時間等，這個時候就可以考慮將主語翻譯成狀語（從句）。這種情況多出現(xiàn)在簡單句中。,1) Bad weather prevented us from going camping last weekend. 上周末因為天氣不好，我們沒去野營。,2) The world has witnessed different roads to modernization. 世界上已有了不同的現(xiàn)代化道路。,D主語轉(zhuǎn)譯為定語 1）He has a different opinion from others. 他的觀點與眾不同。,2）Without air, the earth would undergo extreme changes in temperature. 沒有空氣，地球的溫度會發(fā)生極大的變化。,2、謂語的轉(zhuǎn)譯,謂語的動詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成名詞，并且在句子中充當(dāng)主語成分。 1）Neutrons act differently from protons. 中子的作用不同于質(zhì)子。,2）Water with salt conducts electricity very well. 鹽水的導(dǎo)電性能良好。,3、賓語的轉(zhuǎn)譯,賓語可以譯為賓語、主語、謂語。 A賓語轉(zhuǎn)譯為主語 1) Take it easy. A cup of hot coffee will make you feel better. 你放松點，你喝杯熱咖啡就會感覺好些的。,2) Careful comparison of them will show you the difference. 只要仔細(xì)把它們比較一下，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)不同之處。,B賓語轉(zhuǎn)譯為謂語 1）The secretary cast impatient glances at the young man, turned away without answering this question. 秘書不耐煩地看了看這個年輕人，轉(zhuǎn)過頭去，沒有理睬他的問題。,2）Before graduation we should make full use of the time left to arm ourselves with more knowledge. 在畢業(yè)前，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)充分利用剩下的時間，用更多的知識來武裝自己。,4、狀語的轉(zhuǎn)譯,狀語可以譯為狀語、主語和定語。,A狀語轉(zhuǎn)譯為主語 1）We know that oxygen is necessary for the breathing of animals and plants, and for burning. 我們知道，動植物呼吸和燃燒都需要氧氣。,2）High-tech products of various types also can be manufactured in our country. 我國也能制造各種類型的高科技產(chǎn)品。,B狀語轉(zhuǎn)譯為定語 1）The weather is warm and sunny here. 這里的氣候溫和，陽光充沛。,2）Cheating in school also tends to ebb and flow. But it doesnt seem linked to the economy. 學(xué)校中的作弊現(xiàn)象也往往有漲有落，但這似乎跟經(jīng)濟沒有什么聯(lián)系。,C狀語轉(zhuǎn)譯為補語 這種方法就是將英語中的狀語放在被修飾的動詞后面譯出。這種狀語多表示方式、地點、時間、程度或結(jié)果，其位置多數(shù)在謂語之后。 1) How is your new teacher looking ? 你們新老師的儀表看來怎樣？ 2) Jefferson died on July 4, 1826. 杰斐遜死于1826年7月4日。,5、定語的轉(zhuǎn)譯,A定語轉(zhuǎn)譯為謂語 將定語轉(zhuǎn)譯為謂語通常是為了突出定語所表達的內(nèi)容。 1) There is a large amount of energy wasted due to friction. 由于摩擦而損耗了大量的能量。,2) Many factors enter into unemployment in our country. 涉及我國失業(yè)的因素很多。,B. 定語轉(zhuǎn)譯為表語 同轉(zhuǎn)譯謂語情況一樣，轉(zhuǎn)譯為表語也多半是為了突出其表達的內(nèi)容。 1）The earth was formed from the same kind of materials that makes up the sun. 構(gòu)成地球的物質(zhì)與構(gòu)成太陽的物質(zhì)是相同的。,2）Wind has the same effect on rocks as rain. 風(fēng)對巖石的作用和雨水對巖石的作用是一樣的。,C定語轉(zhuǎn)譯為狀語 1）The young man cast impatient glances at the old man. 年輕人不耐煩地看了看那個老人。,2）We should have a firm grasp of the fundamentals of computer science. 我們應(yīng)該牢固掌握計算機科學(xué)的基本知識。,作業(yè),1. As the weather was fine, we decided to climb the mountain. 2. As water can float a ship, so can it swallow the ship. 3. Put into an old Chinese proverb, it means that one will never find it difficult to do anything until one has experienced it. 4. A notion has taken hold in the United States to the effect that the only people who should be encouraged to bring children into the world are those who can afford them. 5. As soon as the cinema is in darkness, spotlights are focused on the curtains which are drawn slowly apart, often to the accompaniment