高中英語選修6第一單元知識點(diǎn)、語法及練習(xí).docVIP

第一單元知識點(diǎn)1.abstract 1) adj.深?yuàn)W的，抽象的 e.g. Beauty is abstract but a house is not.2) v. 提煉，抽??；概括，寫摘要 e.g. Rubber is abstracted from trees. e.g. He is abstracting a story for a book review.他在為一篇書評撰寫故事摘要。 3）n. an abstract of a lecture一個(gè)演講的摘要 2.Would you rather have Chinese or Western-style paintings in your home? would rather do sth情愿做 e.g. I would rather stay at home today.would rather sb do sth情愿sb做 e.g. I would rather you came here tomorrow.would rather do sth than do sth = would do sth rather than do sth = prefer to do sth rather than do sth = prefer doing sth to doing sth e.g. I would rather go with you than stay here.= I would go with you rather than stay here.= I prefer to go with you rather than stay here.= I prefer going with you to staying here. 3.faith n. 信任,信仰 break ones faith with sb. 對某人不守信用 keep faith with 忠于信仰; 守信 have faith in 相信, 信任 lose faith in 不再相信 in good faith 老實(shí)地；誠懇地e.g. I kept faith with him.我信守了對他的諾言。 He who loses faith, loses all.失去信心的人, 失去所有。 faithful adj. 忠誠的，可靠的 be faithful to對忠誠 4.consequently adv. 所以，因此 e.g. Mr Foster has never been to China. Consequently, he knows very little about it. consequent adj. 作為結(jié)果的,隨之發(fā)生的 consequence n. 結(jié)果as a consequence/result = in consequence as a consequence/result of = because ofe.g. She was found guilty, and lost her job in consequence (of it). 5.aim A1) n. 目標(biāo)(C) e.g. What is your aim in life? 你生活的目的是什么?without aim 無目的的/ 無目標(biāo)的 achieve ones aim達(dá)到目標(biāo) miss ones aim 打不中目標(biāo) (U) 對準(zhǔn), 瞄準(zhǔn) take aim at e.g. The hunter took aim at the lion. 2）v. (以槍等) 對準(zhǔn),瞄準(zhǔn) aim at aim at the target=take aim at the target瞄準(zhǔn)靶子 e.g. He aimed his gun at the tiger, fired but missed it. aimless a. 無目標(biāo)的，無目的的 She led an aimless life. B. 打算,計(jì)劃, 以為目標(biāo), 立志做aim at doing = aim to do 瞄準(zhǔn), 力求做到,力爭達(dá)到 e.g. Harry aims at becoming a doctor./Harry aims to become a doctor. 6.evident adj. 明白的, 明顯的 e.g. The applause made it evident that the play was a hit. It is evident (obvious) (to sb) that e.g. Its evident that you are tired. n. evidence 證據(jù);證明 in evidence = evident 明顯的 7.realistic 現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的,逼真的,現(xiàn)實(shí)的 in a more realistic way 以一種更逼真的形式 realism現(xiàn)實(shí)主義 realist現(xiàn)實(shí)主義者 real adj. 真的 realize v. 實(shí)現(xiàn) 8. adopt vt. 1).采取;采納;吸收 e.g. After much deliberation, the president decided to adopt her suggestion. 2).過繼,收養(yǎng)(+as) e.g. Mr. Kern adopted the orphan as his own son. 3).正式通過,接受 e.g. The agenda was adopted after some discussion. adopted adj. 被收養(yǎng)的，被采用的 an adopted child 9.possess 用作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。 1）“有，擁有” e.g. The library possesses a number of the artists early works. 2）“具有的特質(zhì)” be possessed of sth意為“具有某種品質(zhì)或特征” 3）“支配，控制” e.g. He was possessed by the desire to be rich. possession 【c】財(cái)產(chǎn)，所有物（常用復(fù)數(shù)） personal possessions個(gè)人財(cái)產(chǎn)e.g. The ring is one of her most valuable possessions. 【u】占有，擁有 Take/get/have/gain possession of占領(lǐng)，奪取 in possession of (表主動(dòng)）占 in the possession of=in ones possession（表被動(dòng)）被占有 e.g. He is in of the house. 他擁有這套房子。 The house is in the of him. 這套房子在他的占有之下。 10. convince vt. “使確信；使信服” convince sb. to do sth. .說服某人做 convince sb of sth convince sb+ that從句 使某人確信某事 e.g. He convinced me of his sincerity. 他使我確信他的真誠。 I was convinced that he was sincere.sb. be convinced of sth sb. be convinced that 某人確信。 11.attempt v.嘗試，企圖, 努力去執(zhí)行或完成 attempt doing反復(fù)嘗試做 attempt to do企圖做 attempt to do/doing = try to do/doing e.g. I attempted to speak but was told to be quiet. n. 1) 企圖或努力 2)襲擊；攻擊 an attempt on someones life對某人生命的攻擊 make an attempt to do sth /at doing sth嘗試做 at ones attempt 在嘗試下 ones first attempt 初次嘗試e.g. She made an attempt to cook the dinner. 她試著做這頓飯。12.on the other hand 另一方面，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)副詞。常與on one hand連用。 On one handon the other hand一方面另一方面 e.g. This job is not well paid, but on the other hand, I dont have to work long hours. On one hand, I need a computer, but on the other hand, I dont have enough money. at hand在手邊，在附近 by hand用手的，手工的 go hand in hand with與共同行動(dòng) 13.figure 1) 外形;體形;人影 e.g. I saw a figure in the darkness. 2) 體態(tài);風(fēng)姿 e.g. She has a slender figure. 3)人物;名人 e.g. He has become a figure known to everyone. 4) 數(shù)字 e.g. Where did you get those figures? 14.1)aggressive adj. 敢作敢為的;有闖勁的;侵略性的;好斗的 e.g. He is very aggressive. 他生性好斗。 an aggressive salesman一干勁很大的售貨員 aggressive weapons 攻擊性武器 2)aggressively adv. 氣勢洶洶地 3)aggression n.侵略（行動(dòng)）aggressor n. 侵略者15.in the flesh活生生，本人，親自 flesh n.肌肉;肉 e.g. Have you ever seen Jay Chou in the flesh?你見過周杰倫本人嗎？ flesh and blood肉體，血肉之軀 e.g. Though he is a hero, he is still flesh and blood. lose flesh減肥 gain/put on flesh增肥 flesh-eating食肉的 16.preference 1)更加的喜愛,偏愛UC(+for) e.g. A window seat is my preference.我喜歡靠窗的座位。2)偏愛的事物(或人)C e.g. Which is your preference, tea or coffee?3)偏袒U(+for) e.g. Parents should not show preference for any one of their children. 4)優(yōu)先(權(quán));優(yōu)惠權(quán)UC in preference to 優(yōu)先于 have a preference for偏愛 e.g. I have a preference for classic music. Id choose the small car in preference to the larger one. 17.appeal vi. 1)呼吁,懇求 appeal to sb for sth. e.g. He appealed to me for help. 2)訴諸,求助(+to) e.g. We will appeal to a variety of sources of information. 3)有吸引力,迎合愛好(+to) e.g. The idea appealed to Mary. 4)【律】上訴(+to/against) e.g. He appealed against the five-year sentence he had been given. 18.reputation n. 名譽(yù),名聲(+for) e.g. The store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing. Cheating at the game ruined that players reputation. live up to ones reputation不負(fù)盛名 lose ones reputation失去盛名 win a high reputation贏得很高的聲譽(yù) 19. more than名詞 意為“不僅僅”e.g. Jason is more than a lecturer; he is a writer, too. 1) more than+數(shù)詞，意為“超過”相當(dāng)于over，其反義詞組為less than。e.g. There are more than two hundred people in the park. 2)“more than形容詞/副詞”是“很”或“非常”的意思。e.g. I am more than content with what you said. 我對你的講話十分滿意。 3) 在“more . than .”結(jié)構(gòu)中，肯定“more”后面的內(nèi)容而否定“than”后面的部分，常譯為“是而不是” 或 “與其說不如說”。e.g. Hearing the loud noise, the boy was more surprised than frightened. 聽到這巨大的聲響，男孩與其說是害怕不如說是感到很驚訝。 20.contemporary 1)adj.當(dāng)代的;同時(shí)代的;同年齡的e.g. His lecture is on contemporary American novelists. He has furniture of contemporary style. be contemporary with 與同時(shí)代e.g. Was Jonson contemporary with Shakespeare? 瓊森是否與莎士比亞同輩? 2)n. C 同時(shí)代的人,同年齡的人；同時(shí)期的東西 ；當(dāng)代人,現(xiàn)代人e.g. He was looked down upon by his contemporaries. 他被他的同時(shí)代的人瞧不起。 1.You have to be _. Anybody like you without any _ experience is not likely to be given a big salary even if you graduate from a famous university. . A. true; realistic B. realistic; practical C. practical; realistic D. real; realistic 2. Sculptures are something _ but the concepts they demonstrate are _, which takes wisdom to understand A. real; subtract B.concrete; abstract C. realistic; subscribe D. specific; conventional 3. Have faith _ yourself, be faithful _your work and make every effort you can and then you are not far away from success. A. of; of B. in; in C. to; in D. in; to 4. Plowing the field is the _ means to grow crops in China, typical _ the Chinese farming for thousands of years. A. controversial; with B. traditional; in C. conventional; of D. contemporary; to 5. Strict measures have to be _ to protect_ children from family abuses. A. adapted; adopted B. adopted; adopted C. adjusted; adjusted D. attached; adopted 6. Students are given a lot of exercises to do, _ to improve their grades. A. aimed B. aiming C. to be aimed D. to aim 7. Nobody knows for sure who possessed the ancient flower vase. In other words, nobody knows for sure who is _ of the flower vase. A. in possession B. in the possession C. of the possession D. with possession 8. The story is totally made up. If _ it happens to be _ anyones experience, we are here to apologize. A. by coincidence; similar to B. by accident; in coincidence with C. by chance; by coincidence with D. X; in coincidence to9. Whether euthanasia(安樂死) should be made legal has been _ in the law circle for many years. A. conventional B. controversial C. potential D. experimental 10. It is ridiculous of you to be afraid of your own _, which follows everywhere you go when there is light. A. shade B. shadow C. figure D. sculpture 11. I have heard of the famous scholar thousands of times but havent seen him _. A. in the flesh B. in personal C. in flesh D. in private 12. All visitors were amazed at the skills and _ the artist _ when carving the figure on the marbleA. technologies; showed B. techniques; displayed C. technology; made D. technique; displayed 13. In such a _ situation, we have to be careful of what we say and what we do. A. delicate B. fragile C. weak D. flexible 14. It _ a superb mind to predict what will exactly happen in the future. A. takes B. costs C. spends D. makes 15. It still remains a mystery why some people are _ certain flower fragrance while others are not. A. allergic to B. accustomed to C. addicted to D. appealing to 16. Egypt _ a high reputation of ancient civilization across the world A. likes B. appreciates C. enjoys D. is fond of 17. _ of time and energy has been spent in making the earthquake-stricken areas a permanent museum to remind people how disastrous a natural disaster can be. A. Large quantities B. A great deal C. A good many D. A plenty 18. The girl _ to figure out what the boys attempt was _ by giving her a bunch of roses but without success . A. managed; X B. succeeded; on C. attempted; at D. tried; on 19. Visual teaching aids _ to students and help them learn better but _ they should not be overused in class. A. attract; on the other hand B. appeal; on the other hand C. hold interest; on other hand D. are interested; on one hand 20. _ exhibits made of clay on exhibition have to be taken special care of _ them from being damaged . A. Delicate; preventing B. Fragile; to stop C. Weak; to keep D. Faint; keeping 21. The old man enjoys collecting signatures of cotemporary famous people _ famous paintings. A. with preference of B. in preference to C. in preference for D. with preference to 22. The district committee _ having a big headache in _ with the aggressive boys who make trouble now and then in the area. A. is; dealing B. are; dealing C. is; doing D. are; doing 23. Please give us a _ explanation _ why you have done so _ in geometry in school. A. specific; to; well B. concrete; for; good C. general; to; wonderful D. specific; to; good 24. -I hear there is an art gallery around here and could you tell me how to get to it, sir? -It is _207 on the Fifth Avenue. Walk down this street and you _. A.on; cant miss it B. at; cant avoid it C. on; cant escape D. at; cant miss it 25.Students are burdened with too much exercises, _ their school grade. A. aiming to improve B. aiming at improving C. aimed to improve D. aimed to improving 虛擬語氣1、 基本含義：虛擬語氣表示說話人所說的話不是事實(shí)，而是一種假設(shè)、愿望、懷疑或推測。虛擬語氣通過謂語動(dòng)詞的特殊形式來表示。2、 用法：（1） 用于非真實(shí)條件句 1. 條件句： 1）真實(shí)條件句指假設(shè)的情況有可能發(fā)生的條件句，用陳述語氣。 2）非真實(shí)條件句指假設(shè)的情況是過去或限制都不存在的，或?qū)硪膊淮罂赡馨l(fā)生的，用虛擬語氣 2. if條件句的主句和從句的謂語動(dòng)詞形式如下：if 條件句主句例句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞過去式(be用were)would/could/should/might+V原If I were you, I would take an umbrella. (我不是你)If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. (我不知道)與將來事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞過去式(be用were)If he came/ should come/ were to come here tomorrow, I should/ would talk to him. (他來的可能性很小)should + V原were to + V原 【學(xué)以致用】 （2012 湖南高考）Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you. A. have had B. had had C. have D. Had（2） 用于賓語從句 1. 動(dòng)詞wish后的賓語從句用虛擬語氣wish后的賓語從句中謂語的形式例句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望動(dòng)詞的過去式(be用were)I wish that I knew something about programming.與過去事實(shí)相反的愿望過去完成式They wish that they hadnt told it to us.將來的愿望would/could/should/might+V原I wish he could come tomorrow.【學(xué)以致用】 (2011 北京高考) Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined. I wish they _ always late. A. werent B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be D. wouldnt have been 2. 表示主觀意愿的動(dòng)詞后，后面賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用“should +動(dòng)詞原形”, should 可省略 如：suggest 建議 require 要求 demand 要求 insist 堅(jiān)持要求 order/ command 命令 e.g. He suggested that we (should) set a deadline for the completion of the plan. They require that parking (should) be allowed here. 他們要求允許在此處停車。 He insisted that she fasten her safety belt. 他要求她系好安全帶。 注：suggest表示“表明，暗示”，insist表示“堅(jiān)持某一說法”時(shí)，后賓語從句用陳述語氣。 e.g. The look on his face suggested that he was quite satisfied. 他臉上的表情表明他很滿意。 He insisted that he had not stolen the car and insisted that he (should)be set free at once. 他堅(jiān)持說自己沒有偷那輛汽車，并堅(jiān)持要求立刻釋放他。 【學(xué)以致用】 (2013 陜西高考) My mom suggests that we _ eat out for a change this weekend. A. should B. might C. could D. Would3. would rather后的賓語從句用虛擬語氣現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿鹷ould rather +主語+動(dòng)詞過去式I would rather he left now. I would rather he came earlier tomorrow.與過去事實(shí)相反的愿望would rather+主語+動(dòng)詞的過去完成式I would rather I had not lied yesterday. (事實(shí)上昨天撒謊了)【學(xué)以致用】 (2010 江蘇高考) George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he _ more on its culture. A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused【即學(xué)即練