2011屆中考英語專題復(fù)習(xí)4：數(shù)詞、冠詞考點(diǎn)講解和訓(xùn)練.doc

2011屆中考英語專題復(fù)習(xí)四：數(shù)詞、冠詞考點(diǎn)講解和訓(xùn)練【考點(diǎn)直擊】1.不定冠詞a與an的用法2.定冠詞the的用法3.零冠詞4.基數(shù)詞的用法5.序數(shù)詞的用法【名師點(diǎn)睛】一.冠詞的用法冠詞是虛詞，放在名詞之前，用來說明名詞指的人或事物。冠詞有兩種。A(an)叫不定冠詞，the叫定冠詞。A用在輔音之前，an用在元音之前。1.不定冠詞的用法(1)a和an均用在單數(shù)名詞之前，表示某一類人或事物。例如：Johnisastudent.MaryisanEnglishteacher.(2)指某一類人或事物中的任何一個(gè)。例如:Asteelworkermakessteel.Passmeanapple,please.(3)指某人或某物，但不具體說明何人或和物。例如：Astudentwantstoseeyou.Agirliswaitingforyououtside.(4)表示“每一”的意思，相當(dāng)于every。例如：Takethemedicinethreetimesaday.Theygotoseetheirparentsonceaweek.2.定冠詞用法(1)特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。例如：ThebookonthedeskisanEnglishdictionary.BeijingisthecapitalofChina.(2)指說話人和聽話人都熟悉的人或事物。例如：Openthedoor,please.Jackisinthelibrary.(3)上文提到過的人或事物。例如：YesterdayJohnsfatherboughthimanewbike.Thebikecosthim200yuan.(4)表示世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物。例如：Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.(5)用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級之前。例如：ShanghaiisthebiggestcityinChina.Januaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.(6)用在某些形容詞之前，表示某一類人或事物。例如：Thenurseiskindtothesick.Weshouldtakegoodcareoftheold.(7)用在某些專有名詞之前和某些習(xí)慣用語中。例如：theGreatWall,theSummerpalace,inthemorning,intheopenair等。(8)用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)之前，表示“某某一家人”，“某某夫婦”。例如：theBrowns,thewhites等。3.不用冠詞的情況(1)某些專有名詞，抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞前一般不用冠詞。例如：China,Canada,Japanese,glass,water,love等。(2)名詞前已有作定語用的this,that,my,your,whose,some,any,no,each,every等代詞時(shí)，不用冠詞。例如：Thatismycap.Ihavesomequestions.Godownthisstreet.(3)復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人或事物時(shí)，不用冠詞。Theyareworkers.Wearestudents.(4)稱呼語前不用冠詞，表示頭銜和職務(wù)的名詞前也不加冠詞。例如：Idontfeelwelltoday,Mother.BushwasmadepresidentoftheU.S.(5)三餐飯的名稱前，球類活動，學(xué)科和節(jié)目名詞前，常不用冠詞。例如：Ihavelunchathome.Heoftenplaysfootballafterclass.WehaveEnglishandmathseveryday.(6)在某些固定詞組里，名詞之前常不用冠詞。例如：Byair,atnight,athome,gotobed,gotoschool,onfoot,frommorningtillnight等。二.數(shù)詞的用法數(shù)詞分基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞。基數(shù)詞表示數(shù)目，序數(shù)詞表示順序。1.基數(shù)詞的用法(1)基數(shù)詞在句中主要用作主語、賓語、定語、表語、同位語，例如：ThirtyofthemarePartymembers.（主語）-Howmanywouldyoulike？-Three，please（作賓語）ThenineboysarefromTianjing.（定語）Sixplusfouristen.（表語）Wefourwillgowithyou.（同位語）(2)表示一個(gè)具體數(shù)字時(shí)，hundred,thousand,million一律不用復(fù)數(shù)；在表示一個(gè)不確定數(shù)字時(shí)則用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：Ourcountryhasapopulationof1,300millionpeople.Therearethreethousandstudentsinourschool.Afterthewar,thousandsofpeoplebecamehomeless.Maizeisthemostimportantfoodcropformillionsofpeopleintheworld.Theyarrivedintwosandthrees(3)表示“十”的數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式可用來表示人的歲數(shù)或年代，例如：HeisinhisearlythirtiesHediedstillinhisfortiesThistookplacein1930s(4)表示時(shí)刻用基數(shù)詞。例如：Wegetupatsix.Theworkersbeginworkateight.表示“幾點(diǎn)過幾分”，用介詞past,但須在半小時(shí)以內(nèi)。例如：tenpastten,aquarterpastnine,halfpasttwelve表示“幾點(diǎn)差幾分”用介詞to,但分?jǐn)?shù)須在半小時(shí)以上。例如：twentytonine,fivetoeight,aquartertoten表示“幾點(diǎn)幾分”還可直接用基數(shù)詞。例如：sevenfifteen,eleventhirty,ninetwenty2.序數(shù)詞的用法（1）序數(shù)詞主要用作定語，前面要加定冠詞，例如：ThefirsttruckiscarryingafootbasketsJohnlivesonthefifteenthfloor（2）序數(shù)詞有時(shí)前面可加不定冠詞來表示“再一”，“又一”這樣的意思，例如：WellhavetodoitasecondtimeShallIaskhimathirdtime？WhenIsatdown，afourthmanrosetospeak（3）由幾個(gè)序數(shù)詞和基數(shù)詞在拼寫時(shí)不對應(yīng)，很容易寫錯(cuò)，應(yīng)特別注意。它們是：one-first,two-second,three-third,five-fifth,eight-eighth,nine-ninth,twelve-twelfth。（4）表示年，月，日時(shí)，年用基數(shù)詞表示，日用序數(shù)詞表示。例如：1949年十月一日讀作:October(the)first,nineteensixty2004年九月十日讀作：September(the)tenth,twothousandandfour（5）表示分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí)，分子用基數(shù)詞表示，分母用序數(shù)詞表示。分子大于1時(shí)，分母加-s。例如：threefourths,onesecond,twofifths（6）序數(shù)詞有時(shí)用縮寫形式：first1stsecond2ndthird3rdfourth4thtwenty-second22nd【實(shí)例解析】1.About_studentsinourclasscandescribethatplaceinEnglish.A.three-fifthsB.three-fifthC.third-fiveD.third-fifths答案：A。該題考查的是分?jǐn)?shù)的表示法。分子用基數(shù)詞表示，分母用序數(shù)詞表示。分子大于1時(shí)，分母應(yīng)加-s，因此應(yīng)選A。2.Nine_poundsaweek?Thatsverygood.A.hundredofB.hundredsofC.hundredsD.hundred答案：D。該題考查的是數(shù)詞的用法。Ninehundred是一個(gè)具體的數(shù)量，這是數(shù)詞不能用復(fù)數(shù)形式，后面也不能加of。所以應(yīng)選D。3.Weoftenhavesportsafterclass,andIliketoplay_basketball.A.aB.anC.theD.不填答案：D。該題考查的是冠詞的用法。球類運(yùn)動之前不加冠詞，因此應(yīng)選D。4.Thisis_songIvetoldyouabout.Isntit_beautifulone?A.the；theB.a；aC.the；aD.a；the答案：C。該題考查的是冠詞的用法。第一個(gè)空是特指，特指我給你說過的那首歌，第二個(gè)空是表示某一個(gè)類別。所以應(yīng)選C?！局锌佳菥殹恳?單項(xiàng)填空1.ThismorningIhad_eggandabottleofmilkformybreakfast.A.anB.aC.theD./2.-Whatsthematterwithyou?-Icaught_badcoldandhadtostayin_.A.a；/B.a；theC.a；aD.the；the3.-Haveyouseen_pen?Ileftitherethismorning.-Isit_blackone?IthinkIsawitsomewhere.A.a；theB.the；theC.the；aD.a；a4._sunisshiningbrightly.A.AB.AnC.TheD./5.Thereis_“h”inthewordhour.A.aB.theC.anD./6.DidyouenjoyyourstayinXian?Yes.Ihad_wonderfultime.A.aB.anC.theD./7._sunisbiggerthan_earth.A.A；theB.A；anC.The；anD.The；the8.Thereis_appleandsomepearsonthetable.A.theB./C.aD.an9.Davidhas_cat.Itsverynice.A.aB.anC.theD./10.Imreading_novel.Itis_interestingstory.A.a；anB.a；aC.the；theD./；an11.ItissaidthatSARShaskilledmorethan_peopleworldwide.A.threehundredsB.threehundredsC.threehundredsD.threehundred12.-Howmanyworkersarethereinyourfactory?-Therearetwo_.A.hundredsB.hundredC.hundredofD.hundredsof13.-Whichisthesmallestnumberofthefour?-_.A.Two-thirdsB.AhalfC.AquarterD.Three-fourths14.-Whatdoyouthinkofawar,LiMing?-Ivenoidea.Butitsafactthat_peoplehadtoleavetheirhometownduringtheWaronIraq.A.threethousandsB.thousandofC.thousandsofD.severalthousands15.Weallthinkthatthe_centurywillbringusmorehopes.A.twenty-firstB.twentieth-firstC.twenty-oneD.twentieth-one16.-Canyouwritethenumbereighty-fivethousand,sixhundredandtwenty-six?-Yes,itis_.A.856620B.85626C.58662D.5862617.WhenwasthePRCfounded?Itwasfoundedon_.A.July1,1921B.October1,1949C.August1,1927D.May1,192218.Iwas8yearsoldwhenmyfatherwas31.Thisyearmyfatheristwicemyage.HowoldamI?A.21B.22C.23D.2419._ChinesearelookingforwaystolearnEnglishwellbeforeBeijing2008Olympics.A.ThousandB.ThousandsC.ThousandofD.Thousandsof20.Bothofthetworulersarebroken.Iwanttobuya_one.A.threeB.thirdC.forthD./二.句子改錯(cuò)：下面各句A,B,C,D中有一處錯(cuò)誤，請指出并改正。1.Mayisafifthmonthoftheyear.ABCD2.Thefilmhasbeenonforhalfahour.ABCD3.Theboysandthegirlsoftenplaythefootballintheafterno