多功能清雪車研發(fā)機械類畢業(yè)中英文翻譯、外文翻譯

附錄 1 譯文 本文依托“多功能清雪車研發(fā)”項目，設(shè)計了以裝載機為牽引主機的多功能清雪車，針對不同類型積雪清除方法及其屬具結(jié)構(gòu)特點，以除雪屬具技術(shù)參數(shù)的分析、計算為基礎(chǔ)，設(shè)計了不同除雪屬具及屬具組合形式以達到清除不同類型道路積雪、一機多用的目的，全文研究工作總結(jié)如下： （ 1）分析闡述雪的物理性能，包括：密度及分類、硬度、抗切強度及摩擦性質(zhì)等。通過分析路面與積雪相互作用的關(guān)系，為清雪車設(shè)計與關(guān)鍵參數(shù)計算奠定基礎(chǔ)。 （ 2）在闡述清雪常用的方法及清雪車的主要分類的基礎(chǔ)上，分析介紹了以裝載機為牽引主機的多功能清雪車的 主機參數(shù)和工作裝置，對各個工作裝置的功用進行論述說明，并進行了整機牽引平衡和功率平衡的分析計算。 （ 3）設(shè)計螺旋集雪揚雪清雪裝置以清除路面浮雪，闡述了螺旋集雪揚雪清雪裝置的具體結(jié)構(gòu)。對螺旋集雪揚雪清雪裝置的螺旋集雪裝置功率、集雪螺旋轉(zhuǎn)速、離心拋雪裝置功率及轉(zhuǎn)速、拋雪距離等主要技術(shù)參數(shù)進行了分析計算。 （ 4）結(jié)合所依托的“多功能清雪車研發(fā)”項目，說明螺旋集雪裝置的安裝及工作方式，介紹螺旋集雪器結(jié)構(gòu)和工作原理，給出螺旋集雪器的設(shè)計技術(shù)參數(shù)要求以及裝載機的性能參數(shù)；分析螺旋葉片形式及其展開方式，研究雪的物理力學(xué)性 質(zhì)，為之后的相關(guān)分析計算奠定理論基礎(chǔ)。 （ 5）在雪顆粒的運動力學(xué)分析基礎(chǔ)上，分析了螺旋集雪器各參數(shù)與工作性能之間的關(guān)系，初步確定螺旋集雪器的螺旋外徑、螺距和螺旋角，建立螺旋集雪器清雪效率和螺旋集雪功耗的數(shù)學(xué)模型；根據(jù)壓力、排量和功率選擇螺旋集雪馬達型號，由此確定螺旋軸直徑以及螺旋集雪器的轉(zhuǎn)速；對螺旋集雪器的振動特性進行模態(tài)分析，分析螺旋集雪器在此轉(zhuǎn)速下發(fā)生共振的可能性。 （ 6）對螺旋集雪器集雪功耗和清雪效率進行數(shù)值分析。借助 MATLAB的 Simulink 工具箱搭建系統(tǒng)框圖，根據(jù)相關(guān)技術(shù)參數(shù)并參考相關(guān)文獻確定 模型基本參數(shù)，分析螺旋葉片外徑 D、螺旋軸直徑 d、螺旋螺距 s等螺旋結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)以及螺旋集雪器轉(zhuǎn)速 n、清雪車行進速度 V 等工藝參數(shù)對集雪功耗及清雪效率的影響。數(shù)值分析結(jié)果表明：螺旋葉片外徑 D、螺旋軸直徑 d、螺旋螺距s 對螺旋集雪功耗影響很小，在考慮參數(shù)對集雪功耗的影響時基本上可以忽略不計；螺旋葉片外徑 D、螺旋螺距 s 對螺旋集雪器清雪效率影響很大，清雪效率隨螺旋葉片外徑 D 和螺距 s 的增大而增大，螺旋軸直徑 d 對螺旋集雪器清雪效率的影響不大；螺旋集雪器轉(zhuǎn)速 n 對集雪功耗和螺旋集雪器清雪效率的影響都很大，轉(zhuǎn)速增大，螺旋集雪器集雪功耗 增大，清雪效率增加；清雪車行進速度 V 對螺旋集雪功耗影響很大，螺旋集雪功耗隨行進速度的增大而顯著增大。 （ 7）結(jié)合數(shù)值仿真結(jié)果對螺旋集雪器進行結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化。以螺旋集雪器集雪功耗最小、清雪效率最高為目標函數(shù)，以剛度限制、功率限制以及螺旋外徑D、螺距 s、轉(zhuǎn)速 n、螺旋角的限定條件為約束條件，應(yīng)用遺傳算法對螺旋集雪器結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)進行優(yōu)化分析，優(yōu)化結(jié)果為：螺旋外徑 D =0.6m，螺距 s =0.5m。 清雪車是用于清除道路積雪，保障交通通暢、行車安全的冬季道路養(yǎng)護專用機械設(shè)備。我國東北、西北的大部分地區(qū)冬季持續(xù)低溫，積雪數(shù)月不 化的路面濕滑成為堵塞交通甚至引發(fā)惡性事故的重要因素。特別近年來，隨著高速公路建設(shè)的飛速發(fā)展，公路和城市道路清雪的重要性顯得尤為重要?，F(xiàn)有國內(nèi)清雪機械的生產(chǎn)研發(fā)不能滿足市場的需要，而國外進口的清雪設(shè)備價格昂貴，服務(wù)和配件的供應(yīng)周期長、費用高，不能完全適應(yīng)我國的路況。因此設(shè)計制造適應(yīng)我國多雪地區(qū)的高效清雪車具有現(xiàn)實意義和經(jīng)濟效益。 清雪車清雪能力的強弱很大程度上取決于清雪裝置性能的好壞，所以深入研究清雪裝置的結(jié)構(gòu)和性能是非常必要的。目前許多國家都采用機械化“實時除雪”技術(shù)。所謂機械化“實時除雪”技術(shù)就是使用浮雪 清雪機械在降雪過程中實施清雪，降雪過程也就是清雪過程，雪停后清雪工作也基本完成。針對“實時除雪”這一概念，就需要效率高、省時、省力的浮雪清除設(shè)備。用于清除浮雪的裝置主要為螺旋集雪裝置，一般與高速旋轉(zhuǎn)的風(fēng)機、拋雪筒聯(lián)合使用。雪被螺旋集雪裝置收集并通過風(fēng)機旋轉(zhuǎn)帶動從拋雪筒拋到路邊或者運雪車上，節(jié)省了收集雪的時間，清雪效率較高。但目前我國螺旋集雪裝置的清雪效率和發(fā)達國家相比還有一定差距，需要深入研究，提高清雪效率。 附錄 2 英文參考資料 The research was performed with the research project“the design of multifunction snow remover”.According to the clearance method of difference type snow,the multifunction snow remover was designed with the loader for traction host,which had multi operation tools.The operation tools was des igned and assembled based on the analysis and computation of its parameters for the purpose of clearing difference type snow.The dissertation main includes the following: (1)The physical properties values of the snow,which included densit classification,hardness,anti-shear strength,friction property were analysis.The interactional relations between road and snow were analyzed,which is the foundation of the design of multifunction snow remover and the key parameters computation. (2) More comprehensive classification methods of the snow removers were provided.The classification methods were summarized referring to as many as relative materials.The parameters of loader and the tools of multifunction snow remover were analyzed and introduced.The functions of the snow tools were introduced detailed.The traction and power balance of the whole machine were computed and analyzed. (3) To clear fresh snow,the equipment of spiral snow collection and centrifugal snow cast was designed,and its structure was introduced.The power and rotate speed of spiral snow collection,the power and rotate speed of centrifugal snow cast,the distance of cast,et al,were computed and analyzed. (4)Combining with the project,the installation style and working system of spiral snow collection are illustrated,and the structure and working principle are introduced,then the design technical parameters of spiral snow collection and performance parameter of loader are given；the spiral blade is chose and its expansion form is illustrated,which lay a function for subsequent related analysis and calculation；the physical characteristics of snow is studied,lay a theoretical foundation for the mechanical analysis of snow later. (5)Base on the mechanical analysis and velocity analysis of snow,the relationship between various parameters of the spiral snow collection and the working properties was studied,and the helical vane,the pitch of helical vane and helix angle are determined preliminarily.The mathematical models of efficiency of cleaning snow and consumed power of the spiral snow collection were established.According to the press,displacement and power to choose the type of motor for snow plough, and the diameter of helical axis and the rotational speed of the spiral snow collection is determined.In order to avoiding sympathetic vibration,modal analysis of the spiral snow collection is made,the conclusion of which shows that resonance will not occurs to the spiral snow collection in the determined rotational speed. (6)According to the mathematics models established,by means of the tool box of Simulink of MATLAB,the system block diagrams are builded.Then according to the related technique parameters and the references and literatures,mathematical models of efficiency of cleaning snow and consumed power of the spiral snowcollection were simulated.Which analyzed the influence on the efficiency of cleaning snow and consumed power of the spiral snow collection of the structure parameters such as the helical vane D,the diameter of helical axis d,the pitch of helical vane s and technology parameters such as rotational speed of the spiral snow-collected n device and the marching speed of the snow-removing V.The conclusion of simulation shows that the influence of the structure parameters on the consumed power of the spiral snow-collected device is littile,which can be ignored,but the influence on the efficiency of cleaning snow of helical vane of the spiral snow collection D and the pitch of helical vane s of the spiral snow collection is great,along with the augment of the helical vane of the spiral snow collection D,the efficiency of cleaning snow of the spiral snow collection rises；along with the augment of the pitch of helical vane s of the spiral snow collection,the efficiency of cleaning snow of the spiral snow collection rises.And the influence of the diameter of helical axis d to the efficiency of cleaning snow of the spirial snow collection is not big.The influence of the technology parameters on efficiency of cleaning snow and consumed power of the spiral snow collection are both great,along with the augment of rotational speed of the spiral snow collection,the efficiency of cleaning snow and consumed power of the spiral snow collection both rise,along with the augment of the marching speed of the snow-removing,the consumed power of the spiral snow collection device rises.It has a certain reference value of the analysis above to the structure design and research on properties of the spiral snow collection and so on. (7)Combined with the result of the simulation,the least power consumption and the largest productivity are taken synchronously as objective functions.The rigidity limitation,anti-torsion limitation,power limitation,and the boundary restraint of the helical vane D,the pitch of helical vane s,and helical angle of the spiral snow-collected deviceare taken as constraints.Based on the genetic algorithm, the structure parameters of the spiral snow collection are optimized,and the structure optimized was obtained.The result of optimization is that the helical vane D equals to 0.83m,the pitch of helical vane s equals to 1.6m. Multifunctional snow-removing is the special mechanical equipment of road maintenance in winter which is used to eliminating snow,ensuring patency of traffic and safety of driving.It continuous low temperature in winter in most areas of the northeast and northwest in our country,the important factor to traffic jam and even malignant accident is the wet road surface owing to the snow which can not melt during many months.Especially,with the rapid development of expressway construction in recent years,it seems especially important of the snow-removing of highway and city road.It can not meet the market demand of the production development of snow removing machinery in China,while the price to the imported snow-removing equipment is high,the supply cycle of service and fittings is long,the cost is expensive,which can not completely meet the road condition of our country. So it has great practical significance and huge economic benefit to design and manufacture highly-efficient snow-removing adapted to the snowy district of our country. The snow clearing capacity of the snow-remover depends on the properties of snow clearing device,so it is necessary to study the structure an