中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題 定語(yǔ)從句講解+練習(xí).doc

定語(yǔ)從句一、定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中做定語(yǔ)，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞、詞組或代詞叫做先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞）引出。關(guān)系代詞：who、whom、which、that、whose關(guān)系副詞：when、where、why關(guān)系詞常有三個(gè)作用：1、引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句2、代替先行詞3、在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分二、定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞先行詞成分關(guān)系代詞whowhomwhichthatwhose人人物人/物人/物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)關(guān)系副詞whenwherewhy時(shí)間地點(diǎn)原因時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)原因狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)三、用法1、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句（1）who, whom, that 代替的先行詞是指人的名詞或代詞Is he the man who / that wants to see you? 他就是想見(jiàn)你的人嗎？注：當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)的變化取決于先行詞。Is he the man who / that wants to see you?He is the man whom / that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天見(jiàn)的那個(gè)人。注：引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。He is the man (whom / that) I saw yesterday.（2）which, that 代替的先行詞是指事物的名詞或代詞This is the family which / that is planning to move to the city. 這是正計(jì)劃要搬進(jìn)城里的一家。The book which / that I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy. 我正讀的這本書(shū)是由托馬斯哈迪寫(xiě)的。（3）whose用來(lái)指人或物（在從句中只能作定語(yǔ)，若指物，可以和of which互換）They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人的車壞了，大家都跑過(guò)去幫忙。Please pass me the book whose（of which） cover is green. 請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書(shū)。2、關(guān)系代詞的特殊用法（1）關(guān)系代詞指物時(shí), 用that而不用which的情況: 1）先行詞為something, anything, nothing, everything以及all, much, little, a lot, none, few 等不定代詞時(shí)。e. g. My mother was so proud of all that I did. 辨析：My mother was so proud of what I did. （all that = what）2）先行詞有the last, the very, the only等修飾時(shí)。e. g. This is the very book that Im looking for. 3）先行詞為序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)(或所修飾)時(shí)。e. g. This is the most exciting film that Ive ever seen. When people talk about Hangzhou, the first that comes to their mind is the West Lake. 4）先行詞既有人又有物時(shí), 只能用that。e. g. Do you remember the book and its author that appeared on TV last Sunday. 5）There be 后面的定語(yǔ)從句多用that引導(dǎo), 不用which。e. g. Theres a seat in the corner that is still free. 6）句子前面出現(xiàn)了who, which 時(shí), 后面的定語(yǔ)從句用that引導(dǎo)。e. g. They built a factory which made some new products that had never been seen before. 7）關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句作表語(yǔ)時(shí), 常用that, 而不用which、who。e. g. My home town is not the small village that it was 10 years ago. Tom isnt the man that he used to be.（2）只用which不用that的情況：1）在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞which, 有時(shí)不是修飾某個(gè)先行詞, 而是指代主句的全部或部分內(nèi)容 。e. g. Helen often came late, which made the class teacher angry. 2）介詞 + which的時(shí)候練習(xí)（一）請(qǐng)分析一下定語(yǔ)從句：( 請(qǐng)劃出定語(yǔ)從句，標(biāo)出先行詞，分析引導(dǎo)詞成分) 1. Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar. 2. You couldnt understand people who talked fast. 3. I have some ideas that may help. 4. They said something you didnt like. 5. Can you think of any problems you have had recently?6. He would always take pride in everything good I do. 7. My friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school. 8. What are some of the rules that a teenager should obey?9. If you know anyone else who collects them, please tell me. 10. Standing very close to the person you are talking with is quite common in some countries. 11. All I ever wanted to do was traveling. 3、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于“介詞 + which”，常可互換。（1）when 指時(shí)間，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于at/ on/ in/ during which. The day when I met the famous film star was the greatest day in my life. 見(jiàn)到這位著名歌星的那天是我一生中最重要的日子。The day on which I met the famous film star was the greatest day in my life. （2）where 指地點(diǎn)，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于at/ in / to/ which. Beijing is the place where I was born. 北京是我的出生地。Beijing is the place in which I was born. 辨析：Beijing is the place where I was born.Beijing is the place which I have ever visited.（3）why 指原因，在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于for which. Is this the reason why he refused our help? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？Is this the reason for which he refused our help?辨析：Is this the reason why he refused our help?Is this the reason which he wants to know?隨堂練習(xí)（一）單項(xiàng)選擇 1. Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady _ comes from Beijing. A. whoB. whichC. whomD. whose2. He was the only person in his office _ was invited. A. whomB. whoseC. thatD. which3. This is the museum _ we visited last year. A. whereB. in whichC. whichD. in that4. Do you know the student _?A. whom I often talkB. with who I often talkC. I often talk withD. that I often talk5. I like the house _ windows face south.A. whoseB. whosC. itsD. its6. Would you tell me where to get the dictionary _? A. what I needB. I needC. which I need itD. that I need it7. The young woman _ I spoke just now is a young doctor. A. whoB. to whomC. whomD. that 8. Do you know the man _ is talking with your father? Yes, hes our headmaster. A. heB. whoC. whichD. whom 9. This is the best hotel in the city _ I know. A. whereB. whichC. thatD. it10. Can you lend me the dictionary _ the other day?A. that you boughtB. you bought itC. that you bought itD. which you bought it 11. Anyone _with what I said may put up your hands. A. which agreesB. who agreeC. who agreesD. which agree 12. My watch is not the only thing _ is missing. A. thatB. itC. whichD. who13. The man _ coat is black is waiting at the gate. A. whosB. whoseC. thatD. of which. 14. The girl _ is reading under the tree _ my sister. A. which; is B. whom; wasC. who; isD. who; was 15. I love places _ the people are really friendly. A. thatB. which C. whereD. who16. Ive found some pictures of the most interesting places _ you can visit during the winter holidays.A. whereB. whichC. whatD. that17. The letter is from my sister, _ is working in Beijing. A. whichB. thatC. whomD. who 18. In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _ are women. A. themB. whichC. whomD. who 19. Youre the only person _ Ive ever met _ could do it. A. who; /B. /; whomC. whom; /D. /; who20. I lost a book, _ I cant remember now. A. whose titleB. its titleC. the title of itD. the title of that21. Last summer we visited the West Lake, _ Hangzhou is famous in the world.A. for whichB. for thatC. in whichD. what22. He is working hard, _ will make him pass the final exam.A. thatB. whichC. for whichD. who23. I can never forget the day _ we work