專題七、八種時態(tài).doc

專題七、八種時態(tài)一、一般現(xiàn)在時1. 一般現(xiàn)在時的用法1） 經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作，常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用。時間狀語：always, usually, often, every, sometimes,at, on Sunday。 I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七點離開家。2） 客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實。： The earth moves around the sun. 地球繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)動。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中國東部。3） 表示格言或警句。 Pride goes before a fall.驕者必敗。注意：此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時，從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。 例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥倫布證實了地球是圓的。4） 現(xiàn)在時刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個性。： I dont want so much. 我不要那么多。 Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英語寫得不錯，講的可不行。比較：Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。 I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功課。第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時，用于操作演示或指導(dǎo)說明的示范性動作，表示言行的瞬間動作。第二句中的now是進行時的標志，表示正在進行的動作的客觀狀況，所以后句用一般現(xiàn)在時。2. 一般現(xiàn)在時的基本句型1）肯定句： 主語+動詞原形+其他 主語（第三人稱單數(shù)）+ 動詞-s+ 其他如：They live in China. 他們住在中國。He likes eating apples. 他喜歡吃蘋果。2）否定句： 主語+dont+ 動詞原形+其他 主語（第三人稱單數(shù)）+doesnt+ 動詞原形+其他 如：They dont live in China. 他們不住在中國。 He doesnt like eating apples. 他不喜歡吃蘋果。3）一般疑問句： Do+主語+動詞原形+其他? Does+主語（第三人稱單數(shù)）+ 動詞原形+其他？如：Do they live in China? 他們住在中國嗎？Does he like eating apples? 他喜歡吃蘋果嗎？【相關(guān)鏈接】當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，謂語動詞用第三人稱的單數(shù)形式。謂語動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式的變化規(guī)則如下：1）一般在動詞后直接加s。 如：talk talks, live lives。2）以s, x., ch, sh或o結(jié)尾的動詞在其后加es。如： watch watches, wash washes, go goes。3）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞，把y變成i再加es。如： carry carries, fly flies。4）特殊的，如：have的第三人稱單數(shù)為has。【牽手中考】1. Bob often _his mother with the housework on Sundays A. helpB. helping C. helps D. helped2. What did the teacher say just now? He said that the earth _ round the sun. A. go B. goes C. went D. will goII.用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空： 1I_(write)toyouassoonasI_(get)toLondon. 2.Hedoesntfeelwelland_(noteat)anyfoodthismorning. 3.He_not_(see)mecomein,forhe_(read)somethingwithgreatinterest. 4.What_yourmother_(do)ateightyesterdayevening?She_(wash)clothes. 5.Willyoucomeifhe_(notcome)? 6.IdontknowifMr.Wang_(go)toShanghaitomorrow.Ifhe_(go),I_(ask)him_(take)somebookstomydaughter,becauseshe_(study)there. III單項選擇： 1.ThestudentswillgototheSummerPalaceifit_tomorrow. A.dontrain B.doesntrain C.wontrain 2.There_anEnglishfilmnextweek. A.willhave B.isgoingtohaveC.isgoingtobeD.wasgoingtobe 3.They_theofficeatnineyesterdaymorning. A.reachedto B.arrived C.went D.getto 4.WeshallgotoShanghaionbusinessbeforeyou_backnextweek. A.wilcome B.came C.wouldcome D.come 5.Dontsmokeuntiltheplane_off. A.takes B.took C.wastaken D.istake 6.Isawher_theroomthismorning. A.toenter B.entered C.enter D.enters 7.Johnisalways_others. A.help B.helping C.helps D.tohelp 二、一般過去時1. 一般過去時的用法1）在確定的過去時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。例如：時間狀語有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。 Where did you go just now? 剛才你上哪兒去了？2）表示在過去一段時間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是個孩子的時候，常在馬路上踢足球。Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. 那時，布朗一家無論什么時候去，都受到熱烈歡迎。3）句型：1. It is time for sb. to do sth 到時間了 該了。It is time for you to go to bed. 你該睡覺了。 2It is time that sb. did sth. 時間已遲了早該了 ，It is time you went to bed.你早該睡覺了。 3. would rather sb. did sth.表示寧愿某人做某事。Id rather you came tomorrow.還是明天來吧。4） wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過去時，作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等，而一般過去時表示的動作或狀態(tài)都已成為過去，現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。注意： 用過去時表示現(xiàn)在，表示委婉語氣。1） 動詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。Did you want anything else? 您還要些什么嗎？ I wondered if you could help me. 能不能幫我一下。2）情態(tài)動詞 could, would。Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行車，能借用一些嗎？Used to / be used toused to + do：過去常常表示過去習(xí)慣性的動作或狀態(tài)，但如今已不存在。Mother used not to be so forgetful.老媽過去沒那么健忘。 Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫過去常常散步。be used to + doing： 對已感到習(xí)慣，或習(xí)慣于，to是介詞，后需加名詞或動名詞。He is used to a vegetarian diet. Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫現(xiàn)在已習(xí)慣于散步了。2.一般過去時態(tài)的構(gòu)成1）肯定句：主語+動詞的過去式+其他 如：We enjoyed ourselves in the zoo yesterday. 我們昨天在動物園里玩得很高興。2）否定句：主語+didnt +動詞原形+其他如：We didnt enjoy ourselves in the zoo yesterday. 我們昨天在動物園里玩得不高興。3）一般疑問句：Did +主語+動詞原形+其他如：Did you enjoy yourselves in the zoo yesterday? 你們昨天在動物園里玩得高興嗎？【相關(guān)鏈接】在一般過去時態(tài)中會涉及到動詞的過去式，大家要掌握規(guī)則動詞的過去式的變化規(guī)則。變化規(guī)則如下：1）一般情況下，在動詞原形后直接ed 。如：play played , look looked 。2）以e結(jié)尾的動詞在其后加d。如：like liked, use used。3）與輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞，把y變成i 再加ed。 如：carry carried, marry - married。4）以重讀閉音節(jié)（或r音節(jié)）結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母時，雙寫這個輔音字母，再加ed。如： stop stopped, prefer preferred。當(dāng)然，剛才提到的都是規(guī)則動詞的構(gòu)成，我們還學(xué)過許多不規(guī)則動詞的過去式形式。如：put put, see saw, eat ate等，這些可需要我們在課下牢牢記住喲！【牽手中考】1.What _ to her yesterday evening?A. was happened B. happened C. happening D. happen2. Hi, Kate. You look tired. Whats the matter? I_ well last night.A. didnt sleep B. dont sleep C. hasnt slept D. wont sleep 3. When _ you _ your old friends? The day before yesterday.A. will; visit B. did; visitC. / ; visit D. have; visited4.-Your phone number again? I _ quite catch it.- Its 69568442. A. didntB. couldntC. dontD. cant二、用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.2. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night.3. We _ to zoo yesterday, we _ to the park. (go)4. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?5. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _.6. Gao Shan _ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.7. I _ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother _.8. What _ she _ (find) in the garden last morning? She _ (find) a beautiful butterfly.9. It _ (be) Bens birthday last Friday 10. We all _ (have) a good time last night.三現(xiàn)在進行時1. 現(xiàn)在進行時的用法1) 現(xiàn)在進行時表示此時此刻正在發(fā)生的事或正在進行的動作。常和時間狀語now, at the moment, look, listen, at 7:00連用。如：They are singing at the moment. 他們正在唱歌。 Li Ming is making a report now. 李明現(xiàn)在正在做報告2) 表示現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生的動作也用現(xiàn)在進行時來表達，此時常和時間狀語these days 連用。如：We are mending the car these days. 這些日子我們一直在修車。3) 某些瞬間動詞如come, leave, arrive, die 等用現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來，即這個動作將要發(fā)生。如：She says she is coming soon. 她說她馬上就來。 The match girl is dying. 那個賣火柴的小女孩快要死了。2. 現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)的基本句型1）肯定句：主語+am/ is/ are + V-ing + 其他。如： Nancy is reading a book now. 南茜正在讀書。 The twins are playing in their bedroom. 2）否定句：主語+am/ is/ are + not + 其他。如： Nancy isnt reading a book now. 南茜沒有正在讀書。 The twins arent playing in their bedroom. 那對雙胞胎沒有正在臥室里玩3)一般疑問句：Am/ Is/ Are+ 主語+ V-ing + 其他？如： Is Nancy reading a book now? 南茜正在讀書嗎？ Are the twins playing in their bedroom? 那對雙胞胎正在臥室里玩嗎？4)肯定回答:Yes,主語 +be 否定回答: No,主語+be+not-Are you drawing? -Yes, I am. /No, Im not.【相關(guān)鏈接】1 現(xiàn)在分詞（即V-ing形式）的構(gòu)成1）一般在動詞的后面直接加-ing 。如：listen listening, look looking .2) 以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動詞，去e加ing. 如：take taking , make making .3）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且末尾只有一個輔音字母時，雙寫這個輔音字母再加ing。如sit sitting, stop stopping .4）特殊的如：lie lying, die dying 等。一般現(xiàn)在時和現(xiàn)在進行時的區(qū)別1）一般現(xiàn)在時用以說明客觀事實或情況，或用于強調(diào)動作的永久性或經(jīng)常性; 而現(xiàn)在進行時強調(diào)動作正在進行，而且這個動作常含有未完成之意。如： We usually have four classes in the morning. 我上午通常上四節(jié)課。 Why cant Lily go with me? 麗麗為什么不能和我們一起去呢？ Because she is doing her homework now. 因為她正在做作業(yè)。2）always用于一般現(xiàn)在時用于說明事實，一般不帶有感情色彩；而現(xiàn)在進行時與always（即be always doing sth.）連用，常表示說話人的某種感情，如：贊揚，批評，厭煩等。如： He always works late.他總是工作到很晚。（表示事實） He is always working late.他總是工作到很晚。（表示贊揚） He is always talking big.他老愛說大話。（表示厭煩）【牽手中考】1. Look! The boys _ happily in the river.A. swim B. swam C. will swim D. are swimming2. -Can your brother make a model airplane? -Yes, this week he _ a new model.A. builds B. is built C. had built D. is building3. Shall we invite Tom to play football now? Oh, no. He _ his clothes. A. is washing B. washes C. has washed二、用所給的動詞的正確形式填空：1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now. 2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom .3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now.4. What _ you _ ( do ) now?5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson . 6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now.7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom .8.What is our son doing? She _ (listen ) to music.9. Its 5 oclock now. We _(have)supper now10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .三.一般現(xiàn)在時和現(xiàn)在進行時練習(xí)題( )1. Who _ over there now?A. singing B. are singC. is singing D. sing( )2. Its eight oclock. The students _ an English class. A.have B.having C.is having D.are having( )3. Listen! The baby _ in the next room. A. crying B. cried C. is crying D. cries( )4. Look! The twins _ new sweaters. A. are wearing B. wearing C. are wear D. is wearing( )5. Dont talk here. Grandparents _. A . is sleeping B. are sleeping C. sleeping D. sleep( )6. Tom is a worker. He _ in a factory. His sisters _ in a hospital. A. work/ work B. works/ work C. work/ works( )7. Who _ English best in your class? A. speak B. speaks C. speaking( )8. Mrs Read _ the windows every day. A. is cleaning B. clean C. cleans( )9. We _ music and often _ to music. A. like/ listen B. likes/ listens C. like/ are listening( )10. She _ up at six in the morning. A. getB. getsC. getting( )11. The twins usually _ milk and bread for breakfast, but Jim _ some coffee for it. A. have/ have B. have/ has C. has/ have四、過去進行時1概念：表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發(fā)生或進行的行為或動作。時間狀語：at this time yesterday, at that time, this morning, the whole morning, all day ,yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, just now，a moment ago或以when, while引導(dǎo)的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+doing否定形式：was/were + not + doing.一般疑問句：把was或were放于句首。2. 用法：過去進行時是表示過去某一時刻或某一時間內(nèi)正在進行或發(fā)生的動作?？梢詮膬蓚€方面來理解：1) 過去某一時刻正在進行或發(fā)生的動作。E.g. They were playing football at ten oclock yesterday morning. My mother was cooking when I got home. I was washing my clothes at this time yesterday. 2) 過去某階段持續(xù)進行的動作 What were you doing during the holiday? 另外，在復(fù)合句中，若主要動作和背景動作是同時發(fā)生的，那么主從句都可用過去進行時e.g. Jenny was reading while Danny was writing.3）其結(jié)構(gòu)是助動詞be的過去形式was/were +v-ing. 其句式變化仍然要在be上做文章。E.g. We were working in class. We werent working in class. Were you working in class? 過去進行時常與過去某一特定時間的狀語連用，如 last night, at that time, at noon yesterday, last Sunday 等。 也有時沒有時間狀語，要通過上下文的暗示來確定用過去進行時。E.g. The students all worked hard. Everyone knew what he was working for.做題時常見錯誤如下： 一、易把be+現(xiàn)在分詞記成be+過去分詞 例：He was talked (talk) to his mum at that time. 答案：was talking 解析：過去進行時與現(xiàn)在進行時結(jié)構(gòu)上的區(qū)別體現(xiàn)在be動詞上。 二、丟掉be動詞或忘記把動詞變成現(xiàn)在分詞 例：1 I watching (watch) TV when he came in. 2 They were play (play) games at 5:00 p.m. yesterday. 答案：1 was watching 2 were playing 解析：現(xiàn)在進行時中“be+現(xiàn)在分詞,缺一不可”的規(guī)律也可應(yīng)用于過去進行時。三、對動詞或動詞詞組提問時丟掉doing例：We were flying kites at 5:00 p.m. yesterday. (對劃線部分提問) What were you at 5:00 p.m. yesterday?答案：What were you doing at 5:00 p.m. yesterday?解析：現(xiàn)在進行時中“Whatdoing”?句式同樣適用于過去進行時。四、易與現(xiàn)在進行時弄混例：My mother is cooking (cook)when I got home.答案：was cooking 解析：這兩種時態(tài)的共同點是都表示動作正在進行，但現(xiàn)在進行時前提是現(xiàn)在，而過去進行時前提是過去，由when I got home可看出前提是過去。五、易與一般過去時弄混例：昨晚我在讀一本故事書。 I read (read) a story book yesterday evening.答案：was reading 解析：這兩種時態(tài)的共同點是都用于表示過去發(fā)生的動作。但過去進行時強調(diào)動作正在進行，而一般過去時則表示過去某一時間所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，它表示的動作往往已經(jīng)完成?！霸凇闭f明正在進行，而“I read a story book yesterday evening.”的意思是昨晚我讀了一本故事書，言下之意已經(jīng)讀完了。故用過去進行時。 另外，在賓語從句中當(dāng)主句為過去時，從句若是現(xiàn)在進行時，需變成過去進行時。 e.g. He said that he was drawing a cat at noon yesterday.典型例題(1) Mary _C_ a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes (2) As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. A. read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell 專項訓(xùn)練：一 、單選1 What _ from three to four yesterday afternoon?A have you done B had you done C did you do D were you doing2 I call you yesterday evening, but there was no answer. - Oh., Im sorry I _ dinner at my friends home.A home B had C was having D have had3 My mother _ while my father _TV.A cooked; was watching B was cooking; was watching C was cooked; watched D cooked; watched4 When I got home, my son _ the music.A am listening to B listened to C was listening to D was listening5 We heard a cry when we _ TV last night.A were watching B would watch C watch D watched6 She asked him whether he _ back for lunch.A come B was coming C came D had come7 Could you tell me when _?A she is coming B she was coming C will be come D is he coming8 The teacher _ when I came into the classroom.A is drawing B draws C has drawn D was drawing 二 、填空1 _ they_ (feed) the animals at 5:00 yesterday afternoon?2 Mrs. Green _ _ (not wash) clothes at this time yesterday.3 Grandpa _ _ (mend) his clock when I reached home. 4 As I _ (walk) in the park, I saw some children playing games.五、一般將來時1.一般將來時的用法1） shall用于第一人稱，常被will 所代替。will 在陳述句中用于各人稱，在征求意見時常用于第二人稱。Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先讀哪一段呢？ Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七點回家好嗎？2）be going to +不定式，表示將來。a. 主語的意圖，即將做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？b. 計劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。The play is going to be produced next month。這出戲下月開播。c. 有跡象要發(fā)生的事。Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那烏云，快要下雨了。3) be +不定式表將來，按計劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我們下星期六討論這份報告。4）be about to +不定式，意為馬上做某事。 He is about to leave for Beijing. 他馬上要去北京。注意：be about to do 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用。be going to / will 用于條件句時，be going to表將來,will表意愿。例如：If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.be to和be going tobe to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主觀的打算或計劃。I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我去踢球。（客觀安排）Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。（主觀安排）2.一般現(xiàn)在時表將來1）下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現(xiàn)在時可以表示將來，主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。 The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火車明天上午六點開。 When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽車什么時候開？十分鐘后。2）以here, there等開始的倒裝句，表示動作正在進行。 Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 車來了。 There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 鈴響了。2） 在時間或條件句中。 When Bill comes （不是will come）, ask him to wait for me. 比爾來后，讓他等我。 Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就寫信給你。4）在動詞hope, take care that, make sure that等的賓語從句中。例如： I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他們下星期玩得開心。 Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 離開房間前，務(wù)必把窗戶關(guān)了。3.用現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等現(xiàn)在進行時可以表示將來。Im leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。Are you staying here till next week? 你會在這兒呆到下周嗎？六、現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果的影響現(xiàn)在還存在；也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。其構(gòu)成：have （has） +過去分詞。比較一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時1）一般過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調(diào)動作；現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強調(diào)的是影響。2）一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。一般過去時的時間狀語：yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆為具體的時間狀語?，F(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不確定的時間狀語。共同的時間狀語：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。3） 現(xiàn)在完成時可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，動詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。一般過去時常用的非持續(xù)性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。I saw this film yesterday. （強調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了）I have seen this film. （強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了）Why did you get up so early? （強調(diào)起床的動作已發(fā)生過了）Who hasnt handed in his paper? （強調(diào)有卷子未交，疑為不公平競爭）He has been in the League for three years. （在團內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)）He has been a League member for three years. （是團員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù)）句子中如有過去時的時間副詞（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）時，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時，要用過去時。（錯）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（對）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.用于現(xiàn)在完成時的句型1）It is the first / second time. that結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. 這是我第一次訪問這城市。 This is the first time （that） Ive heard him sing.這是我第一次聽他唱歌。2）This is +形容詞最高級+that結(jié)構(gòu)，that 從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時。例如： This is the best film that Ive （ever） seen. 這是我看過的最好的電影。 典型例題（1） -Do you know our town at all? -No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming（2） -Have you _ been to our town before? -No, its the first time I _ here. A. even, come B. even, have comeC. ever, come D. ever, have come注意：非延續(xù)性動詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時間的狀語連用。即動作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。（錯）I have received his letter for a month.（對）I havent received his letter for almost a month.比較since和forSince 用來說明動作起始時間，for用來說明動作延續(xù)時間長度。I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在這兒二十多年了。I have lived here since I was born. 我從出生起就住在這兒了。注意：并非有for 作為時間狀語的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時。I worked here for more than twenty years. （我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。）I have worked here for many years.（現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作。）注意：用句型轉(zhuǎn)換的方法，很容易排除非延續(xù)動詞在有for/since結(jié)構(gòu)的完成時中的誤用。1）（對） Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.2）（錯） Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to