外文翻譯--CMOS8位單片機

附 錄 附錄 A: 英文文獻與中文參考譯文 At89S51 monolithic integrated circuit is the low power loss which ATMEL Corporation promotes, the high performance CMOS8 position monolithic integrated circuit, internal including the 4K bytes programmable Flash read-only program memory, the component uses the ATMEL Corporations high density, the non-volatility storage technology production, compatible standard 8051 command systems and pin, and already may use the online programming (ISP), also the available conventional routes carry on the programming and the general 8 microprocessors in the monolithic integrated circuit chip, the ATMEL Corporations function is formidable, the low end AT89S51 monolithic integrated circuit provides many high performance-to-price ratios the application situations, but applies nimbly in each kind of control domain, the debugging is convenient. The sensor marched the automobile, medical, the industry and astronautics application domain on a large scale. Perhaps you not yet saw any changes . In safe, convenient, aspect day by day aggregate demands and so on entertainment as well as efficiency factor, in addition from all over the world politics the government offices law will enable sensors application to obtain the unprecedented inflation. Besides estimated that sensor in wireless and consumable domain application sudden inflation, you will also understand why passed on the feeling producer to finish the rapid development huge market and the application domain hopefully before 2010. In these sensors the majority will be microcomputer electrical system series (MEMS) and the micro system technology (MST) type, as well as application prospect very broad micro sensor. regarding the automobile system, the sensor producer may discover the massive sensing application very easily, not only includes the survey to pass on the feeling pressure, moreover including through sensing system survey inertia, position, proximity, temperature, speed of flow, strength strong , tensity, torque, vibration and inclined condition. Uses in surveying these parameters the sensing technology to be various. Passes to believe with automobile technology center technical personnel Alex Cade that “the automobile domains sensing demand is assuming the caper type to increase to be long.”He enumerated the chassis control, the vehicles localization/position, the object survey, the vision to strengthen, the automobile environment to heat up , well ventilated, sensors and so on air conditioning as well as engine and transmission control growth domains. The enhancement vehicles stability is only in numerous example one which his enumerates. US National highway Transportation Administrative bureau (NHTSA) vehicle increased recently about the side collision security aerocysts proposition request in each steam on the two to six sensors. Although this proposition has not been forced the request use, but American, European and date the this automobile producer indicated that stemming from the security concern, they will finish before 2010 leans for all vehicles installment the surface collision security aerocyst. Certain automobile supplier, like TRW and Delphi ( the latter reaction rate the former quick) apply group of accelerometers and the pressure transmitter in the side collision security aerocyst. the automobile inertia sensing has become other hot spot. In fact, Motorola and Analog Devices () proposed that the use inertia sensor element group will manage massive will use in the vehicles tendency, guidance , the security and the electron steering application sensing function (illustration 1). “the anti-lock braking system, the electronic braking force distribution system, follow the mark control system and of the initiative yaw control system interaction enable the automobile to have the dynamic stability,” Analog Devices said high-level using Engineer Harvey Weinberg. Motorola John P. Schuster adds: “the part group method may use core platform support many kinds of applications. It take astronautics gyroscope as the foundation, and the cost is low, the volume is small, may apply in the automobile.” light sensing technology budding the one kind used in the survey engine pressure by the Optrand development the new method using one kind of multi-purpose equipment, this equipment loaded one based on the optical fiber technologys pressure transmitter to use in diesel engines preheating plug. Forced induction the preheating plug by one induction, a fiber optics and many signal control electronic component is composed, when the pressure surpasses 5 Pakistan , it refers to the frequency changer to be able water-cooled to provide 62% precisions, when the pressure is lower than 5 Pakistan, the error is lower than 0.2 Pakistan. this company estimated that will use this equipment for the first time in 2007. the Honeywell plan uses the light sensing technology in low costs non-key inputs passive system, the part uses this technique the technique the product to be possible to insert automobiles door knob. This sensor will contain one to be loaded with transceiver key shape optics Yuan . In order to enter in the vehicle, the vehicle owner has laid aside a key shape part between the vehicle door knob and the automobile body. the Hall effect sensor will find in the numerous automobile functions applies the place, including induction deceleration and brake pedals position, cam shaft position and rotational speed, barometric pressure as well as branch pipe absolute pressure (MAP). Infineon Technologies AG application Engineer Werner Roessler believed that active Hall effect sensor available in power transmission control as well as cam and crank and so on related application. “compares with the passive sensor, this has provided the higher accuracy, the better start strategy, and has surveys the crank to start a position ability,” he said. Melexis the Inc. plan uses in this technology inducing the non-contact position. new induction model the electric field induction use electrode and between them the electric field works. Freescale Semiconductor believed that its may use for to substitute the security aerocyst and other use sensor. “this induction method is helpful in makes the security aerocyst to intellectualize, because had not only considered passengers forehead position (i.e. forehead whether to move?), moreover had considered passengers volume and the weight, the aerocyst premature will not open,” Freescale application Engineer Don Laybourn said. this kind of sensor may install, in the border or other places have on electrodes steering wheel, like this may determine that the steering wheel is is loosened otherwise (for example, when a pilot falls asleep or cripples when), will then send out the warning signal. This method type may also let the vehicles with the stop slowly down. the vehicles seat electrode may when the vehicles go determined that in the pilot position nobodys situation carries on the brake to the vehicles. this will prevent the vehicles to enter the out of control condition, for example, when the automobile anchors when the pitch. The glass rain water and accumulates the frost to induce is other one kind of application. 參考譯文 ： 單片機是 ATMEL公司推出的低功耗，高性能 CMOS8位單片機，片內(nèi)含 4K bytes 的可編程的 Flash 只讀程序存儲器，器件采用 ATMEL 公司的高密度、非易失性存儲技術(shù)產(chǎn)生，兼容標準 8051 指令系統(tǒng)及引腳，并且既可采用在線編程（ ISP），也可用傳統(tǒng)方法進行編程及通用 8位微處理器于單片機芯片中， ATMEL公 司的功能強大，低價位的 AT89S51 單片機提供許多高性價比的應用場合，可靈活應用于各種控制領(lǐng)域，調(diào)試非常方便，使用也非常靈活。 傳感器已大舉進軍汽車、醫(yī)療、工業(yè)和航天應用領(lǐng)域。但您也許尚未看到任何變化。在安全、便利、娛樂以及效率因素等方面日益增長的需求，加上世界各地政府的法令將會使傳感器的應用得到空前膨脹。除了預計傳感器將在無線和消費品領(lǐng)域應用的急劇膨脹之外，您還會明白為何傳感器生產(chǎn)商有望在 2010 年結(jié)束前迅速開發(fā)龐大的市場和應用領(lǐng)域。這些傳感器中的大多數(shù)將是微機電系統(tǒng)(MEMS)和微系統(tǒng)技術(shù) (MST)類型 ，以及應用前景十分廣闊的微傳感器。對于汽車系統(tǒng)，傳感器生產(chǎn)商可很容易地發(fā)現(xiàn)大量的傳感應用，不僅包括測量傳感壓力，而且包括通過傳感系統(tǒng)測量慣性、位置、接近度、溫度、流速、力量強度、張力、扭矩、震動和傾斜狀況。用于測量這些參數(shù)的傳感技術(shù)各不相同。通用汽車技術(shù)中心的技術(shù)人員 Alex Cade認為， “汽車領(lǐng)域的傳感需求正呈跳躍式增長。 ”他列舉了底盤控制、車輛定位 /位置、物體探測、視覺強化、汽車環(huán)境加溫、通風、空調(diào)以及引擎和傳動控制等傳感器的增長領(lǐng)域。增強車輛穩(wěn)定性只是他列舉的眾多例子中的一個。 美國國家公路運輸管理 局 (NHTSA)最近關(guān)于側(cè)面碰撞安全氣囊的提議要求在每輛汽車上增加兩至六個傳感器。盡管該提議沒有被強制要求使用，但美國、歐洲和日本的汽車生產(chǎn)商表示，出于安全考慮，他們將在 2010 年結(jié)束前為所有車輛安裝側(cè)面碰撞安全氣囊。某些汽車供應商，如 TRW和 Delphi將一組加速計和壓力傳感器 (后者反應速度較前者快 )應用于側(cè)面碰撞安全氣囊。 汽車慣性傳感已成為另外一個熱點。實際上， Motorola 和 Analog Devices()提議使用慣性傳感元件組來管理大量的將用于車輛動態(tài)、導航、安全和電 子轉(zhuǎn)向應用的傳感功能 (插圖 1)。 “防抱死制動系統(tǒng)、電子制動力分布系統(tǒng)、循跡控制系統(tǒng)和主動偏航控制系統(tǒng)之間的相互作用使得汽車具有動態(tài)穩(wěn)定性， ”Analog Devices 的高級應用工程師 Harvey Weinberg 如是說。Motorola的 John P. Schuster補充道： “元件組方法可利用一個核心平臺支持多種應用。它以航天陀螺儀為基礎(chǔ)，且成本低，體積小，可應用于汽車。 ” 光傳感技術(shù)嶄露頭角 一種由 Optrand開發(fā)的用于測量引擎壓力的新方法采用了一種多功能設(shè)備，該設(shè)備將一個基于光纖技術(shù)的壓力傳感器 裝入一個用于柴油引擎的電熱塞中。壓力感應電熱塞由一個感應頭、一根光纜和許多信號調(diào)節(jié)電子元件組成，在壓力超過 5 巴時 ,其水冷式參考變頻