高中虛擬語氣個性化講義8.doc

金牌教練 助力一生學(xué)科教師輔導(dǎo)教案20教育是對知識與道德的忠誠！ 中小學(xué)1對1課外輔導(dǎo)專家 優(yōu)學(xué)教育學(xué)科教師輔導(dǎo)教案講義編號 lxh-gj 008 學(xué)員編號：yx5-gj026 年 級：高三 課時數(shù)：1課時學(xué)員姓名：茍杰 輔導(dǎo)科目：英語 學(xué)科教師：李曉慧課 題高考英語語法精講虛擬語氣精講與練習(xí) 授課日期及時段2013年1月 2日 教學(xué)目的1. 掌握虛擬語氣的概念2. 熟練運用各種從句中的虛擬語氣3. 熟練運用第三大語氣教學(xué)內(nèi)容高考英語語法精講虛擬語氣專題復(fù)習(xí)一. 簡介虛擬語氣用來表示說話人的主觀愿望或假想，而不表示客觀存在的事實，所說的是一個條件，不一定是事實，或與事實相反。虛擬語氣通過謂語動詞的特殊形式來表示。英語中的語氣分為陳述語氣、祈使語氣、虛擬語氣三類。二. 應(yīng)用條件虛擬語氣常在表示條件和結(jié)果的狀語從句中。在表示與事實相反的虛擬語氣時動詞有三種時態(tài)：現(xiàn)在時，過去時，將來時，過去完成時，現(xiàn)在完成時。 在條件句中的應(yīng)用：條件句可分為兩類，一類為真實條件句，一類為非真實條件句。非真實條件句表示的是假設(shè)的或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情況，故采用虛擬語氣。 虛擬語氣在什么情況下用虛擬語氣? 在表示虛假的、與事實相反的或難以實現(xiàn)的情況時用虛擬語氣，表示主觀愿望或表示某種強烈情感時，也用虛擬語氣。即當(dāng)一個人說話時欲強調(diào)其所說的話是基于自己的主觀想法，而不是根據(jù)客觀實際，就用虛擬語氣。三. 虛擬語氣在非真實條件狀語從句中的用法1、真實條件狀語從句與非真實條件狀語從句真eg . If he doesnt hurry up, he will miss the bus. 如果他不快點，他將錯過巴士。( 真實條件狀語)（不是虛擬語氣） If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories. 如果他是空閑的，他會要求我講故事。（真實條件狀語）（不是虛擬語氣） 非真 eg. If I were you, I would go at once.如果我是你，我馬上就會去。 （非真實條件狀語從句） If there were no air, people would die. 如果沒有空氣，人就會死亡。（非真實條件狀語從句）2、用法及動詞形式1、表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的情況： if+主語+過去時+其他+主語+should/would/could/might+do+其他 例：1.If I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我會帶把傘。（事實：我不可能是你） 2.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的電話號碼，我就會告訴你。（事實：不知道） 3.If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 如果沒有水和空氣，地球上就不會有生物。(事實：地球上既有空氣也有水) 4.If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我?guī)уX了，我就會借給你些。（事實：沒帶錢） 5.If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他再努力些，就能通過考試了。（事實：沒有努力2、表示與過去事實相反的情況 if+主語+had done +其他+主語+should/would/could/might+have done+其他 例： 1. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那兒，我就會見到她。（事實：去晚了） 2.If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他聽我的勸告的話，就不會犯這樣的錯誤了。（事實：沒有聽我的話） 3、表示對將來情況的主觀推測 if+主語+were to do+sth.+主語+should/would/could/might+do+其他 if+主語+did/be(were)+sth.+主語 +should/would/could/might+do+其他 if+主語+should+do+sth.+主語 +should/would/could/might+do+其他 例： 1.If he should come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果他哪天來這兒的話，我就跟他談?wù)劇?（事實：來的可能性很?。?2.If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我們就不能去滑冰了。（事實：不知能否下雪） 3.If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一來這兒的話，我就會告訴她這件事的始末。 在表示建議、命令、要求等含義的賓語從句，謂語動詞常用虛擬語氣，should動詞原形構(gòu)成，should 可省略。 4、 有時，虛擬條件句中，結(jié)果主句和條件從句的謂語動作若不是同時發(fā)生時，虛擬語氣的形式應(yīng)作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。 從句的動作與過去事實相反，而主句的動作與現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事實不符。如： If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)刻苦的話，我現(xiàn)在也會成為一個工程師了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他們通知過我們的話，我們現(xiàn)在就不會來這里了。 從句的動作與現(xiàn)在事實相反，而主句的動作與過去事實不符。如： If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的話，我們會已經(jīng)派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他認識她的話，他肯定會去問候她了。 從句的動作與過去發(fā)生的情況相反，而主句的動作與現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的情況相反。如： If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 如果天不下太多的雨的話，莊稼會長得更好。 If he had been working hard, he would be working in the office now. 要是他一直努力工作的話，他現(xiàn)在已進了辦公室了。 5、 當(dāng)虛擬條件句的謂語動詞含有were, should, had時，if可以省略，這時條件從句要用倒裝語序，即將were, should, had等詞置于句首，這種多用于書面語。如： Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答應(yīng)去的話，我們就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在這兒的話，她會同意我們的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果她懂一些電腦知識的話，我們已經(jīng)聘用他來這里工作了。 6、非真實條件句中的條件從句有時不表達出來，只暗含在副詞、介詞短語、上下文或其他方式表示出來，這種句子叫做含蓄條件句，在多數(shù)情況下，條件會暗含在短語中，如without., but for.等 But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的幫助，我們還會在工作呢。 Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 要是沒有你的指導(dǎo)，我不會取得如此大的進步。 We didnt know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. 我們不知道他的電話號碼，否則我們就會給他打電話。 7、 有時，虛擬條件句中，主、從句可以省略其中的一個，來表示說話人的一種強烈的感情。 省略從句 He would have finished it. 他本該完成了。 You could have passed this exam. 你應(yīng)該能通過這次考試了。 省略主句 If I were at home now. 要是我現(xiàn)在在家里該多好啊。 If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了該多好啊。、虛擬語氣（Subjunctive Mood)的其他用法1、虛擬語氣用在wish 后的賓語從句a、表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的愿望，謂語動詞用過去式 eg. I wish I had your brains.我希望我有你那樣的頭腦。(事實：我根本比不上你) b、表示與過去事實相反的愿望，謂語動詞：had+done(動詞過去分詞） eg:.I wish I had known the truth of the matter.我希望我原來知道這件事的真相。（事實：原來不知道） c、表示將來難以實現(xiàn)的愿望 謂語動詞：should/would + 動詞原形 eg. I wish I should have a chance again.我希望我還能有一次這樣的機會。（事實：很難再有這樣的機會了） (注：if only和as if/as though也有相同用法）2、虛擬語氣用在目的狀語從句中1.在for fear that, in case, lest引導(dǎo)的，若用虛擬語氣時，從句謂語為：should + 動詞原形。并且 should不能省略 She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in. 她又把門檢查了一遍，以防盜賊的進入。 He started out earlier lest he should be late. 他很早就出發(fā)了以防遲到。 2、在so that, in order that所引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中，從句中的謂語為：can / may / could / might / will / would / should + 動詞原形。 He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近說話的人以便能聽得更清楚。 He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信讀得很仔細以便不漏掉一個單詞。3、虛擬語氣的其他用法1、一想要(desire)二寧愿(prefer)三命令(order. command)四建議(advice. suggest. propose)五要求(demand. require. request. desire.insist)中，無論主句謂語動詞為何種時態(tài)，從句的謂語動詞都用：“should + 動詞原形”或只用“動詞原形”。 如 He suggested that we (should) take the teachers advice He insisted that we (should) take the teachers advice He demand that we (should) take the teachers advice He ordered that we (should) take the teachers advice 注：insist如果翻譯成堅持某種動作才用虛擬語氣翻譯成堅持某種觀點就不用虛擬語氣。 如：He insist he is a student. 他堅持說他是個學(xué)生。 這個語句表示的是事實，因此在這個語句中不能使用虛擬語氣。 suggest意為“建議”才用虛擬語氣，意為“暗示”則不用虛擬語氣。 如： His face suggests that he looks worried .他的表情暗含著他很擔(dān)心。 這個句子本身是事實，因此它就沒有用到虛擬語氣。 表情緒.觀點的形容詞或名詞也要用虛擬語氣.如:necessary. important. impossible. natural. strange. surprising. funny. right. wrong. better. a pity等。 句型：It is.that 結(jié)構(gòu)后的主語從句，從句的謂語動詞都要用 should+原型 或只用動詞原型。 虛擬語氣在方式狀語從句的應(yīng)用。詳百度百科之方式狀語從句詞條。 2、 在even if, even though 所引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，可用虛擬語氣，主句、從句的結(jié)構(gòu)與if所引導(dǎo)的條件從句結(jié)構(gòu)相同。如： Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即使他親自來也不知該怎么辦。 Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 即使華佗在世也救不了他。 3、 在whatever，whichever，whenever，whoever, wherever，however, no matter wh-word 等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，從句虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)為： may +動詞原形(指現(xiàn)在或?qū)?。如： We will finish it on time no matter what / whatever may happen. 不管發(fā)生什么事，我們都要按時完成。 We will find him wherever / no matter where he may be. 無論他在哪里，我們都要找到他。 I will wait for him no matter how late he may come. 不管他來的多么晚，我都會等他。 may +完成式(指過去) ，主句結(jié)構(gòu)不限。如： You mustnt be proud whatever / no matter what great progress you may have made. 不管你取得了多么大的進步，你也不能驕傲 We must respect him no matter what / whatever mistakes he may have made. 不管他犯過什么錯誤，我們必須尊敬他。 4、一般would rather, had rather, would sooner等之后的賓語從句常表示與客觀事實不相符的一種愿望，故使用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為： 表示所發(fā)生的時間虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu) 過去 had + 過去分詞； 現(xiàn)在 過去時(be 用were ) 將來 過去時(be 用were ) 如：Id rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我倒想你昨天看過了這場電影。 Id rather you were here now. 我倒想你現(xiàn)在在這兒。 Wed rather you went here tomorrow. 我們倒想你明天去那兒 5、虛擬語氣還可用在定語從句中，表示：“早該做某事了”時，定語從句中的謂語動詞須用虛擬語氣，其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：It is (high / about) time that + 主語+ 動詞的過去式/ should + 動詞原形，即從句用虛擬過去式。 如It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 我該去學(xué)校接我的女兒了。 It is high time you should go to work. 你早該上班了。 6、 簡單句中的虛擬語氣 （1） 說話時，為了表示客氣、謙虛、委婉而有禮貌，言語常使用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)形式常為：would / could / might / should + 原形動詞。如： Would you mind my shutting the door? 我把門關(guān)起來你介意嗎？ You should always learn this lesson by heart. 你要把這個教訓(xùn)牢記于心。 I should agree with you. 我應(yīng)該同意你的觀點。 （2） 表示“祝愿”時，常用“may + 主語+ 動詞原形+ 其他”。如： May you have a good journey! 祝你一路順風(fēng)。 May your youth last for ever! 祝你青春永駐。 （3）表示強烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”時，常用動詞原形。如： Long live the Communist Party of China. 中國共產(chǎn)黨萬歲。 God bless us. 上帝保佑。 （4） 習(xí)慣表達中常用的虛擬語氣。 (1) 提出請求或邀請。如： Would you like to have a talk with us this evening? 今天晚上來跟我們聊天好嗎？ Could I use your bike now? 我可以用一下你的單車嗎？ (2) 陳述自己的觀點或看法。如： I should glad to meet you. 見到你我會很高興。 I would try my best to help you. 我會盡力幫助你。 (3) 提出勸告或建議。如： Youd better ask your father first. 你最好先問一問你的父親。 You should make a full investigation of it first. 你應(yīng)該先全面調(diào)查一番。 (4) 提出問題。如： Do you think he could get here on time? 你認為他能按時來嗎？ Do you expect he would tell us the truth? 你期望他會告訴我們真相嗎？ (5) 表示對過去情況的責(zé)備時，常用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：“情態(tài)動詞 + have + 過去分詞”。如： You should have got here earlier. 你應(yīng)該早就到這里了。 You should have returned it to him. 你應(yīng)該把它還給他了。 虛擬語氣用法詳解一、 條件句中的虛擬語氣1. 條件句中虛擬語氣的形式從句中提出一種與客觀現(xiàn)實不相符或根本不可能存在的條件，主句會產(chǎn)生的一種不可能獲得的結(jié)果。條件句中的虛擬語氣根據(jù)不同的時間有三種不同的形式。時間 從句謂語形式 主句謂語形式將來動詞過去式(be用were)should + 動詞原形were to + 動詞原形would / should / might / could + 動詞原形現(xiàn)在動詞過去式(be 用 were)would / should / might / could + 動詞原形過去had +動詞過去分詞would / should / might / could have + 動詞過去分詞2. 條件中的虛擬語氣的舉例(1) 將來時的條件句中的虛擬語氣。如：If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time. 如果他要上清華大學(xué)的話，他就會充分利用他的時間了。If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. 如果他要來的話，他會通知我們一聲。(2) 現(xiàn)在時的條件句中的虛擬語氣。如：If he were free, he would help us. 要是他有空的話，它會幫助我們的。If he studied at this school, he would know you well. 如果他在這所學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)的話，它會對你很熟悉。(3) 過去時的條件句中的虛擬語氣。如：If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it. 我如果看過這場電影，我會把電影內(nèi)容告訴你了。If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 如果我早點到那兒，我就會會到了李先生。3. 運用條件句中的虛擬語氣時，須注意的幾個問題(1) 當(dāng)從句的主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時，謂語動詞若是系動詞be時，可用was代替were。但在倒裝虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)及if I were you, as it were中，只能用were。如：Were I ten years younger, I would study abroad. 要是我還年輕十歲的話，我會去國外學(xué)習(xí)。If I were you, I would try my best to grasp the chance. 要是我是你的話，我要盡力抓住這次機會。(2) 有時，虛擬條件句中，主、從句的動作若不是同時發(fā)生時，須區(qū)別對待。從句的動作與過去事實相反，而主句的動作與現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事實不符。如：If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)刻苦的話，我現(xiàn)在也會使工程師了If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他們通知過我們的話，我們現(xiàn)在就不會來這里了。從句的動作與現(xiàn)在事實相反，而主句的動作與過去事實不符。如：If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的話，我們會已經(jīng)派他去北京了(from )。If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他認識她的話，他肯定會去問候她了。從句的動作與過去發(fā)生的情況相反，而主句的動作與現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的情況相反。如：If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 如果天不下太多的雨的話，莊家會長得更好。If he had been working hard, he would be working in the office now. 要是他工作一直努力的話，他現(xiàn)在已進了辦公室了。(3) 當(dāng)虛擬條件句的謂語動詞含有were, should, had時，if可省略，而將were, should, had等詞置于句首。如：Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答應(yīng)去的話，我們就派他去。Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在這兒的話，她會同意我們的。Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果她懂一些電腦知識的話，我們會已經(jīng)聘用他來這里工作了(from )。(4) 有時，句子沒有直接給出假設(shè)情況的條件，而須通過上下文或其他方式來判斷。如：I would have come to see you, but I was too busy. 我本該來看你了，然而我太忙了。But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的幫助，我們還會在工作呢。Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 要是沒有你的指導(dǎo)，我不會取得如此大的進步。(5) 有時，虛擬條件句中，主、從句可以省略其中的一個，來表示說話人的一種強烈的感情。省略從句He would have finished it. 他本該完成了。You could have passed this exam. 你應(yīng)該會通過這次考試了。省略主句If I were at home now. 要是我現(xiàn)在在家里該多好啊。If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了該多好啊。二、其他狀語從句的虛擬語氣1. 目的狀語從句中的虛擬語氣(1) 在for fear that, in case, lest引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中，若用虛擬語氣時，從句謂語為： should + 動詞原形。并且 should不能省略She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in. 她又把門檢查了一遍，以防盜賊的進入。He started out earlier lest he should be late. 他很早就出發(fā)了以防遲到。(2) 在so that, in order that所引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中，從句中的謂語為： can / may / could / might / will / would / should + 動詞原形。如(from )：He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近說話的人以便能挺得更清楚。He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信讀得很仔細以便不漏掉一個單詞。2. 讓步狀語從句中的虛擬語氣(1) 在even if, even though 所引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，可用虛擬語氣，主句、從句的結(jié)構(gòu)與if所引導(dǎo)的條件從句結(jié)構(gòu)相同。如：Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即是他親自來也不知該怎么辦。Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 及時華佗再世也就不了他。(2) 在whatever， whichever，whenever，whoever, wherever，however, no matter wh-word 等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，從句虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)為： may +動詞原形(指現(xiàn)在或?qū)?。如：We will finish it on time no matter what / whatever may happen. 不管發(fā)生什么事，我們都要按時完成。We will find him wherever / no matter where he may be. 無論他在哪里，我們都要找到他。I will wait for him no matter how late he may come. 不管他來的多么晚，我都會等他。 may +完成式(指過去) ，主句結(jié)構(gòu)不限。如：You mustnt be proud whatever / no matter what great progress you may have made. 不管你取得了多么大的進步，你也不能驕傲(from )。We must respect him no matter what / whatever mistakes he may have made. 不管他翻過什么錯誤，我們必須尊敬他。(3) 在though, although等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，從句虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)為 should +動詞原形，主句結(jié)構(gòu)不限。如：Although / Though he should often be late, he is a good student. 盡管他經(jīng)常遲到，他還是個好學(xué)生。Although / Though he should be secretary, he must obey the rules. 盡管他是書記，他也必須遵守規(guī)定。3. 方式狀語從句中的虛擬語氣as if, as though引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句常用虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：表示所發(fā)生的時間虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生在主句動作之前had + 過去分詞與主句動作同時發(fā)生過去時(be 用were )發(fā)生在主句動作之后would / could / might / should+原形動詞例如：They began to talk warmly as if they had known each other for long. 他們開始熱烈的談?wù)撈饋砭秃孟袼麄円严嗷フJ識很久了。He coughed twice as if someone should come. 他咳嗽兩聲就好像有人要來了。4. 原因狀語從句中的虛擬語氣amazed, angry, annoyed, astonished, disappointed, frightened, happy, pleased, proud, sorry, surprised, upset等后面的狀語從句中常用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為： should + 原形動詞(指現(xiàn)在或?qū)?。如：He was angry that you should call him by name. 他很生氣，你竟然對他直呼其名。I was astonished that he should not answer such an easy question. 我很驚訝他竟答不出如此簡單的問題。 should + 完成式, 指過去。如：Im very sorry that you should have failed the exam. 我很遺憾，你這次考試竟然失敗了。I was very surprised that Father should have known what I did yesterday. 我很吃驚，父親竟指導(dǎo)我昨天所作的事情(from )。三、賓語從句中的虛擬語氣1英語中，如：advise, ask, demand, desire, decide, insist(堅決要求) , order, propose, request, suggest(建議) 表示請求、要求、命令或建議等意義的動詞所接的賓語從句一般用虛擬語氣，起虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：(should) + 原形動詞。如：The teacher advised that we should make good use of every minute here. 老師勸我們要好好地利用在這兒的每一分鐘。The Party asked that we should serve the people with our heart and soul. 黨要求我們要全心全意地為人民服務(wù)。但是，當(dāng)insist的意思為：堅決認為，堅持說；suggest的意思為：表明，暗含，暗示等時，賓語從句一般不用虛擬語氣。如：Tom insisted that he hadnt stolen the watch. 湯姆堅持說他沒有偷那塊手表。His smile suggested that he had succeeded in this exam. 他的微笑表明他在考試中成功了。2. believe, expect, suspect, think, imagine等動詞的否定句或疑問句中的賓語從句常用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為： should + 原形動詞。如：Can you believe that he should kill a tiger? 你能相信他竟殺死了一只老虎？Can you imagine that he should take the first place in the long jump contest? 你能想象得到他在跳遠比賽中竟獲得了第一名？3. 英語中，wish之后的賓語從句，表示一種沒有實現(xiàn)或根本不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望，常用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為(from )：表示所發(fā)生的時間虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生在主句動作之前(1)had + 過去分詞；(2)would / could / might / should + have + 過去分詞與主句動作同時發(fā)生過去時(be 用were )發(fā)生在主句動作之后would / could / might / should + 原形動詞例如：I wish I learnt English well. 我希望我已學(xué)好了英語。I wish I had been there with them last week. 我希望上周跟他們一起在那兒。He wishes we could go and play games with him. 他希望我們能去跟他做游戲。4. 英語中，would rather, had rather, would sooner等之后的賓語從句常表示與客觀事實不相符的一種愿望，故使用虛擬語氣。起虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：表示所發(fā)生的時間虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)過去had + 過去分詞； 現(xiàn)在過去時(be 用were ) 將來過去時(be 用were ) 例如：Id rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我倒想你昨天看過了這場電影。Id rather you were here now. 我倒想你現(xiàn)在在這兒。Wed rather you went here tomorrow. 我么倒想你明天去那兒。四、主語從句中的虛擬語氣在表達驚異、惋惜、遺憾、理應(yīng)如此等意義的主語從句中常使用虛擬語氣，其虛擬語其的結(jié)構(gòu)為： should + 動詞原形，主句中的謂語動詞形式不限。句型：(1) It is admirable / dreadful / extraordinary / odd / remarkable / sad / advisable / annoying / disappointing / surprising / upsetting / frightening / better / best / curious / desirable / important / strange / peculiar / proper / necessary / natural that(2) It is a pity / a shame / no wonder. that(3) It is suggested / requested / desired / proposed /. that (4) It worries me that如：It is important that we should do well in our lessons first. 我們先把功課學(xué)好很重要。It is strange that he should not come. 很奇怪，他竟沒有來。It is a pity that we should not meet last night. 真遺憾我們昨天晚上沒有見過面。It worries me that we should be blamed for that. 我們竟要受責(zé)備真讓人煩惱。五、表語從句及同位語從句中虛擬語氣英語中，表示請求、要求、命令、建議等名詞advice, desire, decision, idea, instruction, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish充當(dāng)句子的主語而后面接表語從句或它們后面接同位語時，表語從表面上看幾屗及同位語從句都須用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：(should) + 動詞原形。如：We followed his advice that we should ask our teacher for help. 我們接受了他的建議：我們應(yīng)該請求老師的幫助(from )。He told us his idea that he should go to university. 他告訴了我們他的想法：他想上大學(xué)。His suggestion is that we should do our work more carefully. 他的建議就是我們的工作要更細心些。Their plan is that they should build a new factory in their hometown. 他們的計劃就是在家鄉(xiāng)建一座新工廠。六、定語從句中的虛擬語氣英語中，表示：“早該做某事了”時，定語從句中的謂語動詞須用虛擬語氣，其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：It is (high / about) time that + 主語+ 動詞的過去式/ should + 動詞原形。如：It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 我該去學(xué)校接我的女兒了。It is high time you should go to work. 你早該上班了。七. 簡單句中的虛擬語氣1. 說話時，為了表示客氣、謙虛、委婉而有禮貌，言語常使用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)形式常為：would / could / might / should + 原形動詞。如：Would you mind my shutting the door? 我把門關(guān)起來你介意嗎？You should always learn this lesson by heart. 你要把這個教訓(xùn)牢記于心。I should agree with you. 我應(yīng)該同意你的觀點。2. 表示“祝愿”時，常用“may + 主語 + 動詞原形 + 其他”。如：May you have a good journey! 祝你一路順風(fēng)。May your youth last for ever! 祝你青春永駐。3. 表示強烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”時，常用動詞原形。如：Long live the Communist Party of China. 中國共產(chǎn)黨萬歲。God bless us. 上帝保佑。4. 習(xí)慣表達中常用的虛擬語氣。(1) 提出請求或邀請。如：Would you like to have a talk with us this evening? 今天晚上來跟我們聊天好嗎？Could I use your bike now? 我可以用一下你的單車嗎？(2) 陳述自己的觀點或看法。如：I should glad to meet you. 見到你我會很高興。I would try my best to help you. 我會盡力幫助你。 (3) 提出勸告或建議。如：Youd better ask your father first. 你最好先問一問你的父親。You should make a full investigation of it first. 你應(yīng)該先全面調(diào)查一番