外文翻譯--基于有限元分析的單梁橋式起重機(jī)優(yōu)化設(shè)計

Based On The Finite Element Analysis Of Single Girder Crane Optimization DesignSummaryUse ANSYS9.0 analysis single girder crane steel structure of the mechanical characteristics, and combining analysis results luo practical experience puts forward corresponding structure optimization scheme, the correctness and rationality verified, and optimal design for the similar product reference.Key word: bridge cranes； Steel structure； Optimization design； FEMIt is used widely in machine manufacture, metallurgy, steel, wharf bridge crane with China accounts for about 40% of the crane. The original crane design method for more traditional design methods, design the efficiency is low, the design crane safety factor is big, consume more than raw material, structure is not rational. To be on the steel structure optimization design.Usually the optimization design is using mathematical programming method, mechanical engineering design problems will be transformed by correspondence and target constraint conditions description limit optimization problem. The method for solving the problem of the optimization of the typical can get better optimization results, but for engineering practice often appear multiple targets, the constraint conditions optimization problem there is difficult to establish mathematical model and calculation complex, difficult to application.In view of this, this paper using finite element analysis software for possible structure design scheme of rapid virtual test, and through the analysis of the results of the tests of virtual FEM, and makes the corresponding structure optimization. With LX type single girder crane Lord LiangGang structure as an example, the use of ANSYS simulation in the worst condition of the stress distribution and deformation condition, the author puts forward the optimal scheme and test.1. The LX type 5 t electric suspension single girder crane steel structure characteristicsLX type 5 t electric suspension single girder crane girder and two by the beam, the electric hoist, during operation mechanism, and electric equipment and other major parts. Wheel group hangs upside down in the workshop the H of rail operation. The central beam I32a girder by paper box beam and welded； Both ends of I32a range by the cantilever and channel steel 28 a welded； the two root channel steel beam by 18 and welded steel box girder, through the beam two lug realization and the connection of the girders, as shown in figure 1 .2. Finite element modeling and analysis method2.1 units of the selection and grid partitionLX type 5 t electric suspension single girder crane steel in the range, channel steel box girder and the main dimensions are of its thickness 10 times above, the selected shell element (shall 63) in the bridge cranes finite element analysis 1. In addition, choose shell element model optimization for modification.2.2 determined the bad working environmentThe related theory shows that: the small car in the midspan and brake, cart rail connection and brake ways； The car is located in limit position of the cantilever beam and brake, cart rail connection and ways for the worst deflection happened in 2 working 2. The former used to determine the largest comprehensive stress across the main girder and maximum deflection； The latter are used to determine the main support section at the end of the maximum shear stress.2.3 sure loading project and constraint modeThe above two kinds of condition and the Lord LiangGang structure characteristics can be sure loading project as is shown in table 1.Main arms outstretched is simply supported beam model, the vertical and horizontal load, should pin end protection X, Y, Z direction of movement, the other end constraint fulcrum X and Y directions of displacement.3. Before optimization structure analysisThe above 2 by using ANSYS work conditions after loading solution, the result (see figure 2, figure 3. Figure 2 for the operation condition of the main girder comprehensive stress distribution under a cloud. Examine the stress distribution in the cloud, it is known that the main DiaoZhuangKong lug around regional stress value is higher, and in DiaoZhuangKong face appeared biggest comprehensive stress 171.778 MPa. Central main stress only 48.851 93.7 MPa. Box beam ends right Angle and acute Angle transition weld seams stress for 117.127 140.548 MPa. Figure 3 for the deflection of the main girder, the vertical direction maximum displacement 20.766 mm, horizontal direction the maximal displacement of 7.398 mm, the maximal displacement occurred in central main girder.4 structure optimization scheme4.1 the basis for the proposed schemeThe above analysis result shows that the single girder crane strength and stiffness reserve enough, this is because the design method of safety with bias, the calculation of the selection the bigger coefficient. Considering the main bearing part is the range, in no full discussion of the circumstances change model smaller hungry must exist range uncertainty. So, this is a main steel beam from the box beam, with a preliminary discussion optimization box beam of steel plate girder thickness of strength and rigidity influence.4.2 the implementation of the programmeBox girder beams into fluctuation two parts, upside down into the u-shaped box, for 6 mm of thickness is welded steel plate； The lower into the body and the V horizontal clapboard and strengthen the floors, thickness of 5 mm. Now a box beam steel plate thickness decreases 1 mm, observe the analysis results whether meet the intensity and rigidity requirements. Because of this paper have the shell finite element model unit (shell 63) to analyze the box girders so only need to modify the corresponding board thick real constant solution again, can convenient investigation after optimization of mechanical properties of main girder.4.3 the optimization results analysisFigure 4 for optimization of main girder after comprehensive stress distribution map displays the show, the largest comprehensive stress for 17.958 MPa, accord with the required strength, the largest comprehensive stress occurs in the main DiaoZhuangKong lug around mining face. Evaluate the comprehensive stress distribution, except the main DiaoZhuangKong lug around the stress of stress concentration in the numerical relatively high, middle girder stress for 58.989 117.974 MPa. Box beam ends right Angle and acute Angle transition weld seams stress for 154.296 180.011 MPa, consider commonly after welding of steel plates should be burnish, weld seams round in transition, and finite element analysis model for this round the simplified, cause local stress concentration, where the stress value than the actual value should be high 3.Figure 5 for the optimization of main girder after deformation, the vertical direction the maximal displacement of 23.095 mm, horizontal direction the maximal displacement of 8.770 mm, accord with the rigidity requirement, the maximal displacement occurred in central main girder. Main girder structure optimization and contrast table 2.Through the above is known, optimize the thickness of the steel plate handled box girder beams, main girder strength, stiffness has not reduced significantly, and meet the job requirements； The biggest stress occurs location is also no change, main weight was reduced by 8.572%. Better to achieve the purpose of the Lord LiangGang structure optimization.In addition, from the above finite element analysis results indicated that the comprehensive stress and girder shear stress value higher parts of DiaoZhuangKong lug area nearby box beam ends and steel welding place, although the results show that strength meet the job requirements, but to make the strengthen treatment can effectively improve the life and security. Should be used to improve welding process or welding reinforcing plate shall be reinforced the way.5 epilogueCombining with the design personnel design experience and finite element analysis function, through the quick way of virtual test for the optimization of the structure design is relative. And the optimization of the structure of the traditional design method, the comparison, this method have is not mathematical programming concept of optimal solution, but its easy to implement. In addition, this paper example has been put into production, and the result for the similar bridge crane steel structure optimization design provide the beneficial reference.Reference :1 was climbing. The finite element analysis and application M. Beijing: tsinghua university press, 2004.2 XuGeNing. Lifting transport metal structure design M. Beijing: mechanical engineering press, 1995.3 YuLanFeng, ZhouZhiAo. Railway crane turntable finite element analysis J. Journal of computational mechanics, 2003, 16 (5) : 627-630.基于有限元分析的單梁橋式起重機(jī)優(yōu)化設(shè)計摘要利用ANSYS9.0分析單梁橋式起重機(jī)鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的力學(xué)特性，并結(jié)合分析結(jié)果咯實際經(jīng)驗提出了相應(yīng)的結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化方案，其正確性和合理性得到驗證，并為同類產(chǎn)品優(yōu)化設(shè)計提供有益參考。關(guān)鍵字：橋式起重機(jī)；鋼結(jié)構(gòu)；優(yōu)化設(shè)計；FEM目前廣泛應(yīng)用于機(jī)械制作、冶金、鋼鐵、碼頭的橋式起重機(jī)占具我國起重機(jī)的40%左右。原有起重機(jī)設(shè)計方法多為傳統(tǒng)的設(shè)計方法，設(shè)計效率低下，設(shè)計起重機(jī)安全系數(shù)大、消耗原料多、結(jié)構(gòu)不盡合理。亟待對其鋼結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計。通常的優(yōu)化設(shè)計是利用數(shù)學(xué)規(guī)劃的方法，將機(jī)械工程的設(shè)計問題 化為 目 優(yōu)化問題。 方法對于 的優(yōu)化問題 得到 的優(yōu)化結(jié)果， 對于工程實際 經(jīng)常出 的多目 、多 優(yōu)化問題 數(shù)學(xué) 計， 于廣應(yīng)用currency1問題。于“，利用有限元分析 對 fi的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計方案fl 進(jìn)行驗，并通分析 驗的結(jié)果，作相應(yīng)的結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化。 單梁橋式起重機(jī)”梁鋼結(jié)構(gòu)為，利用ANSYS 其 工 下的應(yīng)力分和 ，提出并驗了優(yōu)化方案。 單梁橋式起重機(jī)鋼結(jié)構(gòu)特 單梁橋式起重機(jī) ”梁和 梁、 、大 行機(jī)構(gòu)、 設(shè) currency1”要 。 的 下 行?！绷?工梁 和 梁 分 工 鋼 鋼 梁 鋼 鋼 ，”梁通 梁 的 實 梁的 ， 。2 有限元 和分析方案2.1單元的 劃分LX 5t 單梁橋式起重機(jī)鋼結(jié)構(gòu) 的工 鋼、鋼和 梁的”為其 的10 ， 定殼單元（shall 63）對 橋式起重機(jī)進(jìn)行有限元分析1。“外，用殼單元便于 的優(yōu)化修改。2.2確定 工 相關(guān)理論表明：小 位于跨 并制 ，大 行徑 道 頭并制 小 位于 梁極限位置并制 ，大 行徑 道 頭并發(fā)生偏斜為 的2 工 2。前者用于確定”梁跨 大綜合應(yīng)力和 大撓 后者用于確定”梁 支撐截面 的 大剪應(yīng)力。2.3確定加載方案和 式按 2種工 和”梁鋼結(jié)構(gòu)特 確定加載方案表1 ?！绷簽楹喼?梁 ，受垂直和水平方向載荷作用，應(yīng) 一支 X,Y,Z方向的位移， 另一支 X,Y方向的位移。 優(yōu)化前結(jié)構(gòu)分析利用ANSYS按 工 加載求 后，其結(jié)果見 、 。 為”梁的工 下綜合應(yīng)力分云 ?？疾?應(yīng)力分云