高考英語二輪閱讀理解精英訓(xùn)練精品題（20）.doc

2014高考英語二輪閱讀理解精英訓(xùn)練精品題（20）及答案高考英語沖刺閱讀理解專項(xiàng)-aits no secret that many children would be healthier and happier with adoptive parents than with the parents that nature dealt them. thats especially true of children of children who remain in abusive homes because the law blindly favors biological parents. its also true of children who suffer for years in foster homes because of parents who cant or wont care for them but refuse to give up custody (監(jiān)護(hù)) rights.fourteen-year-old kimberly mays fits neither description, but her recent court victoty could eventually help children who do. kimberly has been the object of an angry custody battle between the man who raised her and her biological parents, with whom she has never lived. a florida judge ruled that the teenager can remain with the only father shes ever known and that her biological parents have “no legal right” on her.the ruling, though it may yet be reversed, sets aside the principle that biology is the primary determinant of parentage. thats an important development, though not so much in time.shorly after birth in december 1978, kimberly mays and another baby were mistakenly switched and sent home with the wrong parents. kimberlys biological parents, ernest and regina twigg, received a child who died of a heart disease in 1988. medical tests showed that the child wasnt the twiggs own daughter, but kim only was, thus causing a custody battle with robert mays. in 1989, the two families agreed that mr. mays would continue to have custody with the twiggs getting visiting rights. those rights were ended when mr. mays decided that kimberly was being harmed. the decision to leave kimberly with mr. mays caused people to debate her suit. but the judge made clear that kimberly did have rights to make a decision on her own behalf. thus he made clear that she was more than just possession to be handled as adults saw it.certainly, the biological link between parent and child is important. but biological parents arent alway preferable to adoptive ones, and biological parentage does not have an complete ownership that cancels all the rights of children.1. what was first of all considered in the florida judges ruling? a. the biological link b. the childs benefits c. the true practice d. the parentss feelings.答案解析：答案為b。本題為推理題。由第二段 “a florida judge ruled that the teenager can remain with the only father shes ever known and that her biological parents have no legal right on her.” 可知，kimberly仍然和他的養(yǎng)父一起，生父母沒有合法監(jiān)護(hù)權(quán)利。由第三段對判決的評論 “the ruling, though it may yet be reversed, sets aside the principle that biology is the primary determinant of parentage. thats an important development, though not so much in time.”可知， 該判決不把親生關(guān)系作為判決的決定因素，這種改進(jìn)雖然不及時(shí)，但是一種重要的進(jìn)步。故答案為b，法官判決首先考慮的是孩子的利益。2. we can learn from the kimberlys case that . a. children are more than just personal possessions of their parents b. the biological link between parent and child should be paid more attention to c. foster homes bring children more pain and suffering than care d. biological parents shouldnt demand custody rights after their child is adopted答案解析：答案為a。本題為細(xì)節(jié)推理題。由倒數(shù)第二段最后一句話 “thus he made clear that she was more than just possession to be handled as adults saw it.” 可知，答案為a。3. the twiggs demanded custody rights to kimberly because they . a. found her unhappy in mr.mays custody b. thought they could treat her nicer c. were her biological parents d. felt very sorry about their past mistake 答案解析：答案為c。本題為細(xì)節(jié)推理題。由第四段 “medical tests showed that the child wasnt the twiggs own daughter, but kim only was, thus causing a custody battle with robert mays.”可知，twiggs是kimberly的親生父母。故答案為c。4. kimberly had been given to mr.mays . a. by complete accident b. at his request c. out of her parentss mistakes d. for better care答案解析：答案為a。本題為細(xì)節(jié)題，由第四段 “shorly after birth in december 1978, kimberly mays and another baby were mistakenly switched and sent home with the wrong parents.”可知，kimberly出生后，和另外一個(gè)嬰兒被錯(cuò)誤的調(diào)換了， 純屬偶然。故答案為a。閱讀理解habits are a funny thing. we reach for them mindlessly，setting our brains on autopilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting creatures，”william wordsworth said in the 19th century. in the everchanging 21st century，even the word“habit”carries a negative meaning.so it seems contradictory to talk about habits in the same context as innovation (創(chuàng)新)but brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits ，we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new，innovative tracks.rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits. in fact，the more new things we try, the more creative we become.but dont bother trying to kill off old habits；once those ruts of procedure are worn into the brain，theyre there to stay. instead，the new habits we deliberately press into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads. “the first thing needed for innovation is attraction to wonder，” says dawna markova, author of the open mind. “but we are taught instead to decide ，just as our president calls himself the decider. ”she adds, however，that“to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. a good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.” “all of us work through problems in ways of which were unaware，” she says. researchers in the late 1960s discovered that humans are born with the ability to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, collaboratively (合作地) and innovatively. at the end of adolescence，however, the brain shuts down half of that ability, preserving only those ways of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.the current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us use our innovative and collaborative ways of thought. “this breaks the major rule in the american belief systemthat anyone can do anything, ” explains m. j. ryan, author of the 2006 book this year i will.and ms. markovas business partner. “thats a lie that we have preserved，and it fosters commonness. knowing what youre good at and doing even more of it creates excellence. ”this is where developing new habits comes in.本文論述了創(chuàng)新思維與有意識培養(yǎng)新習(xí)慣之間的關(guān)系。17brain researchers have discovered that _.a. the forming of new habits can be guidedb. the development of habits can be predictedc. the regulation of old habits can be transformedd. the track of new habits can be created unconsciously答案：a。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由第三段首句“rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits.”可知a項(xiàng)正確。18the underlined word “ruts” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _.a. zones b. connectionsc. situations d. tracks答案：d。詞義猜測題。由畫線詞所在的第四段中的信息詞pathway(路，徑)和road(路，道路)可推測出d項(xiàng)正確。track路，路徑，軌跡。19which of the following statements most probably agrees with dawna markovas view?a. decision makes no sense in choices.b. curiosity makes creative minds active.c. creative ideas are born of a relaxing mind.d. formation of innovation comes from fantastic ideas.答案：b。推理判斷題。由第五段首句和尾句尤其是“the first thing needed for innovation is attraction to wonder(創(chuàng)新的第一要素是好奇)”可推斷出b項(xiàng)正確。20the purpose of the author writing this article is to persuade us _.a. to give up our traditional habits deliberatelyb. to create and develop new habits consciouslyc. to resist the application of standardized testingd. to believe that old habits conflict with new habits答案：b。主旨大意題。總覽文章可知，作者認(rèn)為創(chuàng)新和新習(xí)慣的養(yǎng)成在很多方面是相通的，從而試圖說服我們?nèi)ビ幸庾R地創(chuàng)新和培養(yǎng)新習(xí)慣。時(shí)聞型閱讀理解-(一)londona british judge on thursday sentenced a businessman who sold fake(假冒的) bomb detectors (探測器) to 10 years in prison, saying the man hadnt cared about potentially deadly consequences.it is believed that james mccormick got about $77. 8 million from the sales of his detectorswhich were based on a kind of golf ball finderto countries including iraq, belgium and saudi arabia.mccormick, 57, was convicted(判罪) of cheats last month and sentenced thursday at the old bailey court in london.“your cheating conduct in selling a great amount of useless equipment simply for huge profit promoted a false sense of security and in all probability materially contributed to causing death and injury to innocent people，” judge richard hone told mccormick.“you have neither regret，nor shame，nor any sense of guilt.”the detectors，sold for up to $42，000 each，were said to be able to find such dangerous objects as bombs under water and from the air. but in fact they “l(fā)acked any grounding in science” and were of no use.mccormick had told the court that he sold his detectors to the police in kenya，the prison service in hong kong，the army in egypt and the border control in thailand.“i never had any bad results from customers，” he said.1why was mccormick sentenced to prison?ahe sold bombs.bhe caused death of people.che made detectors.dhe cheated in business. 2according to the judge, what mccormick had done _. a. increased the cost of safeguardingb. lowered peoples guard against dangerc. changed peoples idea of social securityd. caused innocent people to commit crimes3mccormick sold his detectors to the following countries except_a. egypt bkenya c. thailand dkorea4which of the following is true of the detectors? a. they have not been sold to africa.b. they have caused many serious problems.c. they can find dangerous objects in water.d. they dont function on the basis of science.5it can be inferred from the passage that mccormick _a. sold the equipment at a low priceb. was wellknown in most countriesc. did not think he had committed the crimed. had not got such huge profit as mentioned in the text(一)【要點(diǎn)綜述】 這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章敘述了英國法官審判了一位商人，他有出售假冒炸彈探測器的犯罪行為。但這名犯罪嫌疑人根本沒有意識到他的行為給社會帶來的危害。1d細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“a british judge on thursday sentenced a businessman who sold fake (假冒的) bomb detectors (探測器) to 10 years in prison”以及“mccormick, 57, was convicted (判罪) of cheats last month”可知，mccormick被判處欺詐罪。故可以判斷選d。2b推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“your cheating conduct in selling a great amount of useless equipment simply for huge profit promoted a false sense of security and in all probability materially contributed to causing death and injury to innocent people”可知選b。3d細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第二段可得出答案。4d細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“but in fact they lacked any grounding in science and were of no use.”可知，事實(shí)上它們“沒有任何科學(xué)根據(jù)”，是沒有用的。可以判斷選d。5c推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“mccormick had told the court that he sold his detectors to the police in kenya, the prison service in hong kong, the army in egypt and the border control in thailand.”及最后一段可知，麥考密克曾在法庭上說，他出售自己的探測器給肯尼亞警察、香港監(jiān)獄、埃及的軍隊(duì)和泰國的邊境管制處， 而且他從來沒有從客戶那里聽到任何不好的結(jié)果。故可以推斷出他根本沒有認(rèn)識到他的罪行。故選c。高考英語沖刺閱讀理解專項(xiàng)-bthe discovery of an ancient giant panda skull has confirmed its bamboo diet dates back more than 2 million years and may have played a key part in its survival.a chinese-us research team reports its results today following studies on a fossil skull found in south chinas cuangxi zhuang autonomous region in 2001.the six fossils unearthed in jinyin cave are dated between 2.4 and 2 million years ago, according to the report in proceedings of the national academy of sciences, an influential us journal.jin changzhu, of the chinese academy of sciences (cas) and lead author of the paper, said the smaller fossil skull indicates the giant pandas were about a third smaller than todays pandas.researchers knew the panda reached its maximum size about 500,000 years ago, when it peaked ,and then gradually became smaller.jin, a paleontologist (古生物學(xué)者) at the institute of vertebrate paleontology and paleoanthropology (古人類學(xué)) attached to the cas, said the size variation was a basic rule of evolution.“a species tends to grow bigger when it reaches the peak of its population , but becomes smaller when numbers decline,” he said. the dental remains of the skull, which is the oldest giant panda skull ever found, are similar to todays pandas, indicating the type of teeth that could munch (津津有味地嚼)mountains of bamboo. a panda can eat up to 40kg of bamboo per day.paleoanthropologist russell ciochon, the us co-author at the university of lowa, said the pandas focus on bamboo could have helped it survive all these years.“once an animal begins to rely on a common and stable food source, such as bamboo, it tends to evolve a larger body size,” he said. “as individuals of the evolving species grow bigger, they have a better chance not to be eaten by predators (肉食動物) due to their larger body size.”1. according to the research of the cas , there were most pandas in the world . a. 2 million years ago b. between 2.4 and 2 million years agoc. 500,000 years ago d. nowadays答案解析：答案為c。本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。第四段提到了cas，接下來一段提到 “researchers knew the panda reached its maximum size about 500,000 years ago, when it peaked .”可知熊貓的體型最大的時(shí)候也是數(shù)量達(dá)到頂峰的時(shí)候是在500,000 年以前。故答案為c。2. the underlined word “variation” in para 6 means . a. fall b. change c. increase d. decrease答案解析：答案為b。本題為詞義推斷題。結(jié)合劃線部分所在的上下文，第五段和第七段提到了“maximum size”、“became smaller”與“grow bigger”，可以推斷“size variation”就是體型變化，故答案為b。3. from the passage, we can learn . a. pandas