淺析《寵兒》中的魔幻現(xiàn)實主義.doc

學(xué)號：哈爾濱師范大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文題 目 淺析寵兒中的魔幻現(xiàn)實主義學(xué) 生 指導(dǎo)教師 講師年 級 2008級 8班專 業(yè) 英語教育系 別 英語教育系學(xué) 院 西語學(xué)院 哈 爾 濱 師 范 大 學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文開題報告論文題目 淺析寵兒中的魔幻現(xiàn)實主義學(xué)生姓名 指導(dǎo)教師 講師年 級 2008級 8班專 業(yè) 英 語 教 育2012年 3 月說 明本表需在指導(dǎo)教師和有關(guān)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)審查批準(zhǔn)的情況下，要求學(xué)生認(rèn)真填寫。說明課題的來源（自擬題目或指導(dǎo)教師承擔(dān)的科研任務(wù)）、課題研究的目的和意義、課題在國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢。若課題因故變動時，應(yīng)向指導(dǎo)教師提出申請，提交題目變動論證報告。課題來源：導(dǎo)師指導(dǎo)下自擬題目。淺析寵兒中的魔幻現(xiàn)實主義課題研究的目的和意義：目的：寵兒是托尼莫里森的第一部歷史小說。1993年憑借這部作品獲得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎，成為歷史上獲此殊榮的第一位非洲裔美國作家。這部作品之所以具有如此強(qiáng)大的震撼力和感染力，要歸功于作者在創(chuàng)作過程中根植本土文化借鑒和運用了魔幻現(xiàn)實主義的創(chuàng)作手法。從魔幻現(xiàn)實主義角度對莫里森的寵兒進(jìn)行解讀是一國內(nèi)外鮮有人涉足的研究方向。通過這部作品的魔幻現(xiàn)實主義的研究，我們可以從一個全新的角度去研究和思考莫里森的文學(xué)作品，體會其小說的藝術(shù)魅力，領(lǐng)略作品深刻的思想內(nèi)涵。 意義：據(jù)我目前所掌握的資料來看，國內(nèi)外對于寵兒比較深入的研究甚少。很多人只把它看作是一部充滿靈異氣息的神秘小說，以美國黑奴制為背景的寵兒，用魔幻現(xiàn)實主義寫作手法講述了一個女黑奴與鬼魂的故事，一個母愛在社會和歷史的作用下畸變的故事。本論文擬以此為題展開研究，進(jìn)一步用魔幻現(xiàn)實主義手法探討寵兒的社會價值，從更為全面的視角分析美國黑奴制的罪惡，以期對寵兒的主題及內(nèi)涵進(jìn)行更為深入的探討與分析，從而證明其作為一部風(fēng)靡全球的文學(xué)名著的文學(xué)價值。國內(nèi)外同類課題研究現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢：國外： 寵兒以赤裸裸、血淋淋的母愛震撼著世界。從一個黑人女性主義者的角度，莫里森突破傳統(tǒng)文學(xué)運用魔幻現(xiàn)實主義寫作手法，塑造了一系列個性鮮明的黑人女性形象，研究從魔幻現(xiàn)實主義的角度出發(fā)，使用了多角度敘事、時空交錯的敘事方式、象征主義等創(chuàng)作手法，形成了自己獨特的后現(xiàn)代敘事風(fēng)格。其獨特的敘事技巧體現(xiàn)在小說中敘事的聲音靈活多變，重點突出黑人敘事傳統(tǒng)和奴隸敘事傳統(tǒng)。黑人的口頭敘述，滲透著黑人奴隸，尤其是黑人女性在奴隸制度下的重創(chuàng)，控訴了奴隸制對美國黑人身心所造成的傷害和扭曲，揭示出美國黑人昔日的悲慘境遇，呼喚黑人共同關(guān)注自己的未來國內(nèi)：小說寵兒中夸張、荒誕的描寫，以及象征和隱喻手法各種意象遍布全文。相互呼應(yīng)，為展現(xiàn)小說深刻的思想和主題起了重要作用。寵兒象征奴隸制度下死去的冤魂，。甜蜜之家、“學(xué)校老師”分別象征整個被統(tǒng)治的黑人奴隸社會、殘酷的剝削及壓迫以及黑人奴隸所受的苦難聚集地。這些魔幻現(xiàn)實主義創(chuàng)作手法的運用，使作品在仍有美感的同時，更利于讀者對主題的理解。課題研究的主要內(nèi)容和方法，研究過程中的主要問題和解決辦法：主要內(nèi)容：本課題通過用魔幻現(xiàn)實主義手法探討寵兒的社會價值,及其對美國人在思想行為上的影響和對美國文學(xué)的影響的分析，用全面的視角分析美國黑奴制的罪惡對人物性格的塑造以及他們命運的安排，還有作者在作品中運用魔幻現(xiàn)實主義的寫作手法，更深刻的揭示了黑人女性的扭曲性格及其悲慘命運，以及表現(xiàn)出的奴隸制度對黑人女性的壓制和迫害。主要問題：了解魔幻現(xiàn)實主義寫作手法；了解魔幻現(xiàn)實主義在作品中是如何體現(xiàn)的；能夠結(jié)合社會背景了解作者的創(chuàng)作意圖從而挖掘出托尼莫里森創(chuàng)作的深層含義。解決方法：研究本課題最主要的是通過閱讀文本和國內(nèi)外相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)擴(kuò)展閱讀視角。本課題首先將從多發(fā)面來分析魔幻現(xiàn)實主義這個定義，例如魔幻現(xiàn)實主義的起源、其寫作技巧、其意義等。然后通過運用魔幻現(xiàn)實主義寫作手法對寵兒進(jìn)行分析和闡釋，例如運用時空交錯、象征主義、多角度敘事等來更好的揭示文章的主題。課題研究起止時間和進(jìn)度安排：1. 2011年11月11日至11月30日：選導(dǎo)師及撰寫論文方向。2. 2011年12月1日至12月31日：與導(dǎo)師商榷論文題目。3. 2012年1月1日至2012年3月15日：撰寫并提交開題報告。4. 2012年3月16日至2012年4月25日：撰寫并提交畢業(yè)論文。5. 2012年4月26日至2012年5月11日：準(zhǔn)備并參加畢業(yè)論文答辯。6. 2012年5月12日至2012年5月16日：導(dǎo)師上交所有論文材料。課題研究所需主要設(shè)備、儀器及藥品：無外出調(diào)研主要單位，訪問學(xué)者姓名：指導(dǎo)教師審查意見：指導(dǎo)教師 （簽字） 2012年 月 日教研室（研究室）評審意見：理論教研室主任 （簽字） 2012年 月 日系（部）主任審查意見：英語系（部）主任 （簽字） 2012年 月 日GRADUATION PAPERFOR BACHELOR DEGREEHARBIN NORMAL UNIVERSITY TITLE: The Analysis of the Magic Realism in the BelovedSTUDENT: TUTOR: （Lecture）GRADE: Grade 2008MAJOR: English EducationDEPARTMENT: English Education DepartmentCOLLEGE: Faculty of Western Languages and Literatures May, 2012The Analysis of the Magic Realism in the BelovedAbstract: In American black woman writer Toni Morrisons novel Beloved, she uses the Latin American Magic-Realism artistic form, to express its profound theme, caused intense shock effect. This article is proceed with the magic realism writing technique, elaborated the medium specific reflect with magic realistic writing skills in Beloved, and how to express the theme of the novel. In the novel, the author completely breaks the boundary between live and death, human and the ghosts, and create a magic and reality circumstance, thereby revealing the slave miserable life. Key words: magic-realism; feature; Beloved 1. The introduction of Tony Morrison and her worksTony Morrison (1931-), American writer, born in Lorain, Ohio, as Chloe Ardelia (later Anthony) Wofford; graduated from Howard University (B.A., 1953), Cornell University (M.F.A., 1955). Her fiction is noted for its poetic language, lush detail, emotional intensity, and sensitive observation of American life as viewed from a variety of African-American perspectives. She began writing in the early 1960s and published her first novel, The Bluest Eye in 1970, is the story of a girl ruined by a racist society and its violence. In contemporary American literature, Song of Solomon (1977), which established Morrisons literature place, winner of the National Book Critics Circle Award, the novel is seen as another milestone in African American trying to recover his family roots. It concerns a middleclass man who achieves self-knowledge through the discovery of his rural black heritage. Song of Solomon is based on the myth that Africans could fly. It is unique in its treatment of racial issue. Whereas some previous African American writers offer realistic or naturalistic accounts of the tragic lives of African American people under racial discrimination and oppression and inspire and enhance African American awareness, this Morrison novel helps the African Americans discover their family history, feel proud of their roots and tradition, and look forward to a future of freedom and happiness. Her later fiction includes Beloved (1987), a powerful account of mother love, murder, and the legacy of slavery; Jazz(1992), a tale of love and murder set in Harlem in the 1920s. Her other novels are Sula (1973), Tar Baby (1981), Paradise (1998), and Love (2003). Morrison is an award-winning writer. The many literary awards include the National Book Award, the National Book Critics Circle Award, the Pulitzer Prize, and the Nobel Prize for literature in 1993. She is an international celebrity.2. The introduction of BelovedMorrison is best known for her fifth novel, Beloved. The work is so powerful and has great influence effect on its magic realism and its native culture. In the work, the author absolutely break out the boundary of live and death, human and the ghosts, and it create the atmosphere between the magic and the reality, and reveal the black slaves sorrowful living standard and the trauma of heart whose broken by the poor situationIt is based on the true antebellum story of a slave mother, Margaret Garner, killing her own children just for them to avoid slavery. “Beloved” in Morrisons novel is the word inscribed on the tombstone of the child killed by its mother. Nineteen-year-old Sethe Suggs, a runaway slave mother, is about to be captured by her pursuers. She decides to kill all her children so that they would not have to suffer the sorrow she had as a slave. She succeeds in slashing the throat of the youngest two-year-old baby girl and is caught and serves a prison. Then she gives birth to her daughter Denver, and works as a cook. Eighteen years pass, and Beloved as a baby ghost comes to haunt her mothers house at 124 Bluestone Road. She manages to drive her two brothers away, but is chased away by Paul D., her mother former fellow slave. Beloved reappears, however, in human form, as a twenty-year-old girl, beautiful and freakish, capable of metamorphosis and of becoming invisible. She keeps following her mother around, harassing her with disturbing questions, making incessant demands for stories and for food, and accusing her of an undoing her. Sethe is on the brink of both physical and emotional collapse. Her daughter Denver asks for the help of the community, which respond and eventually drive the ghost away by singing a song of exorcism. Sethe is still disintegrating, but Paul D. returns to inject the desire for life in her.It is a historical novel. It reconstructs history through black folk culture and folk tales, and brings to life the horrible experience of slavery as history. It is a powerful book: it not only makes African Americans think; it compels the white segment of the society to face history, too. They have to face the harm that racism has done to Baby Suggs, Ella, Stamp, as well as Sethe and Paul D., to the countless number of African Americans dead or living, and to humanity in general. The barbaric behavior of “Schoolteacher” and his like and the horrors of the system they enforcedthe Sweet Home which is a veritable hell, the slave ship, the human suffering, the indignities to which the slaves were made to submit, etc. All these should be enough of a reminder, and a shock, to all white people that history may be ignored or forgotten, but it is ever present in all lives as a point of reference.3. Magic realisms writing feature and writing skillMagic realism is originated in the Latin America as an important school literature. It arose in the late 1920s, established in the 1950s, popular in the 1960s-1970s, and prospered as a literature trend. It is not a literary product, but a literary work of a common tendency, mainly in the novels, only in the Latin America. Magic realism novels use the magic ways to show the reality, describe the magical and fantastic characters or some supernatural phenomenon into the authors realistic narration, both have the fantasy dream imagery, and realistic plots and description, thereby forming one ghost combined with the reality, and formed a magic combined with the reality world. The works which use typical magic realism technique expression, exposing social evils, attacking the dark reality, the performance has distinct and strong Latin American characteristics of real life. At the same time also makes the magic realism in literature as a new literary genre makes people find everything fresh and new, appeared in the literary world. Magic realism is a kind of modern novel writing technique, it combines the objective realism and the magic together, beyond the limits of realism, get the idea from the folk and fairy tales, and reflects the reality of contemporary society. Magic realism novels usually gives the characters some other special characteristics, strange and not to leave traces of the time shift, a maze narrative and plot cannot explain the mysterious factors etc, these characteristics are applied to the performance of twentieth Century change which unpredictably political and social reality. Magic realism is also based on the concrete reality, either natural social and historical reality, or is based on the psychological aspects of reality. Magic realism can concrete the reality through the writers imagination, and create a color magic new world. The magic realism is based on realism, futuristic, super-realism and the complexity of the theoretical basis of Western culture and colonial social background, contained complexity, openness, and developmental characteristics. In different places for different writers, its meaning is different. The magic realism is different from the European Surrealist literature; it is not just the fictional imagination, not only from the natural or social reality, but the combination of the illusion and reality ingenious. Magic Realism often use exaggerated, grotesque, symbol, and the break time and space boundaries, and other description of non-rational (but not all the exaggerated, grotesque, symbol are the Magic Realism). And there are also three typical magic realism creation principals: First, the use of the unique narrative structure to increase the novel magic color; Second, the use of mythological patterns to implied the reality meaning; Third, the widely use of symbolism. Beloved is based on magic realism the three basic principles of creation foundation, at the same time closely associate with text, perfectly show the thematic meaning and its profound ideological connotation, and it also use the special writing skill that mentioned before.4. Magic realisms writing feature and writing skill in BelovedBeloved is Tony Morrisons most famous novel, her use of the Gothic techniques to create a mysterious atmosphere is very successful. The novel describes the tragic history during reconstruction in the American South, vivid moving and full of fantasy literature taste. In the black culture, the life cycle of death is seen as a crucial stage. After death, the body no longer exists, but the soul still exists, and has direct influence on the real world. Therefore, Beloved in the resurrection of the dead to the majority of readers can understand. In the Beloved, the image of ghost is a link between past and present, death and life. In Beloved, Morrison used break time and space boundaries to express this phenomenon. Tony Morrison is clever to use the image of the ghost, bring the black sorrowful miserable history returned to its readers, for readers to open a magical history. For black tragic history and culture analysis is one of the Tony Morrison focus. Therefore, in her works, black legends, historical allusions, and even songs are the important parts. All of that uses the magic realism to create a mysterious environment. She skillfully put these stories and real life together, and more shocking the portrait of black culture and history of pathos and the vicissitudes of life. In this book, Beloved is a past symbol, representing the period of abnormal sad history of black female. At the same time, she also is a black woman who forever not has the identity, and even the Beloved this name is also her mother with 10 minutes of sex in exchange for the 7 English letters. The protagonist of the Beloved image is a love endless claimant, her love for mother Sethe almost to Sethes life to be end. Either the love, or not; the common love are not love at all. Beloved for her mothers love is a deformity of the existence, on one hand she is deeply in love with her mother, she also hated her mother killed herself. The beginning of the novel writes: 124 is full of a babys bane. However, this deep love makes up the total in the novel the most shocking part. Tony Morrison in this monumental work shows us the interpretation of the human nature under the value system of a malformation of the love. It is through this she call attention to her people in the world to care about the sad history. Her depiction is calm, objective, deeply denounced the so-called freedom and democracy in the United States which have been added in the black race on the tragedy and suffering, and that is the most darkness in the human history, evil and cowardly history was able to reproduce. Beloved, in a sense, is the painful memories of slavery of Negro slaves; slavery is the whole memories like ghost haunted them. Next are some creative techniques and features in Beloved. 4.1 Break time and space boundariesBeloved breaking the traditional linear narrative structure, not subject to the restrictions of time and space, combined the magic and reality, fact and fantasy, past and present together. This narrative is not only conforms the traditional African world view and the concept of time, but also enhance the magical colors of the novel. Morrison, in Beloved , not use the linear order of time and the general sense of logic to arrange the story, but use the considerable arbitrariness in time and space on the structural arrangements to showing the past and the present which cross each other.Beloved commence at two levels: past and present, based mainly in the past about 1855, the present thing of 1873. Novel reciprocating intertwined in these two levels. When describe the things now, the thing of the past continue to highlight, the thing of the past which show in front of the reader is through the protestant Sethe Suggss recall. Baby Suggs, is the important person in the Beloved. At the beginning of the novel has mentioned that she has been dead many years, but in the novel, however, she was always came into the memories of the main characters and that can gave the reader the feel that the baby were still alive. When Beloved tortured the Sethe to near the brink of collapse, when Denver went out of 124 Bluestone Road in the encouragement of her dead grandmother, when her want to get help from the entire community, when they ultimately get rid of Beloved, and save the life of Sethe.Morrison use the limited time to show the infinity space, on the surface, the complex of time hinder the reader to read successfully but in actually unlimited expansion of psychological expression, to give readers an immersive feeling, while Morrison use this vivid description, not only blurred the boundaries of past and present, but also further enhances the magical effect of the novel. Morrison by the perversion of this timing on the overlapping of reality and dreamy memories, will not only allow the reader to grasp the changes in a bizarre juxtaposition of the progress in the direction of the story, more important is to enable readers to understand that slaves were brought physical pain and spiritual harming by slavery system in the United States.Magic realism works often use timing reversed narrative : combined the past, present and future together, and combined the reality, dreams, memories and fantasies of mutual exchanges; put the multi perspective narrative and fragments of narrative together, and use the extreme exaggeration and desolate courtyard description, narrative montage in the application. The two most important things are the birth to Denvor and the death of the Beloved. The birth of the Denvor is told by her mother, Sethe, Staples, as well as told by Paul D. By the request of the Beloved who want to know the situation that how Denvor come to the world, and then by the narrator herself Sethe tells how the Denvor come to being, and how does the white girl midwifery. The same event does not told by a person or a voice as the center of disposable, but tells through the Pan center repeatedly. It is described as a method called postmodern medley. Theory of collage has different opinions about it, but Morrison uses it consciously. She said: the story seems to have come from the other people. The story is often repeated to speak out, often in a frame to be imagined. This framework give readers the opportunity to imagine, with its tension then cause the reader to generative interpretation, the intermittent wi