動(dòng)名詞.doc

動(dòng)名詞用法1動(dòng)名詞由動(dòng)詞 + ing構(gòu)成，否定形式為not doing，具有動(dòng)詞和名詞的性質(zhì)，在句中起名詞作用，可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。1）作主語(yǔ)。如：Seeing is believing. Laying eggs is the ant queens full-time job. It is no use arguing with him. 注意：動(dòng)名詞和不定式都可以作主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)表示一般或抽象的多次性行為，不定式作主語(yǔ)往往表示具體的或一次性的動(dòng)作。如：Playing with fire is dangerous. （泛指玩火）To play with fire will be dangerous. （指一具體動(dòng)作）但在It is no use/good, not any use/good, useless等后常用動(dòng)名詞間或用不定式。2）作表語(yǔ)。如：Her job is teaching. 3）作賓語(yǔ)。如：He is fond of playing football. I like swimming. admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse，face，feel like，finish，forgive，give up，imagine，include，keep，mention，mind，miss，practise，put off，resist，risk，suggest，cant help（情不自禁），cant stand（無(wú)法忍受）等動(dòng)詞成詞組后可以用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，但不能用不定式。forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等動(dòng)詞或詞組可帶動(dòng)名詞或不定式作賓語(yǔ)，但意義上有區(qū)別。Lets go on studying Lesson 6. （讓我們繼續(xù)學(xué)第六課。說(shuō)明前面已學(xué)了一部分。）Lets go on to study Lesson 6. （讓我們接著學(xué)第六課。說(shuō)明前面已學(xué)了第五課。）I remember doing the exercise. （我記得做過(guò)練習(xí)。）I must remember to do it. （我必須記著做這事。）I tried not to go there. （我設(shè)法不去那里。）I tried doing it again. （我試著又干了一次。）Stop speaking. （不要講話(huà)。）He stopped to talk. （他停下來(lái)講話(huà)。）I mean to come early today. （我打算今天早些來(lái)。）Missing the train means waiting for another hour. （誤了這趟火車(chē)意味著再等一個(gè)小時(shí)。）在allow，advise，forbid，permit等動(dòng)詞后直接跟動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語(yǔ)，如果后面有名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)，其后用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：We dont allow smoking here. We dont allow students to smoke. 動(dòng)詞need，require，want作“需要”解，其后必須用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式或不定式的被動(dòng)形式作賓語(yǔ)表示事情需要做，這時(shí)，動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)意義。be worth后必須用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式來(lái)表示被動(dòng)意義。如：The window needs/requires/wants cleaning/to be cleaned. Her method is worth trying. 在短語(yǔ)devote to，look forward to，stick to，to be used to，object to，thank you for，excuse me for，be(kept) busy，have difficulty/trouble/problem(in)，have a good/wonderful/hard time(in)，theres no use/good/need，feel/seem like/get down to等后的動(dòng)詞也必須用動(dòng)名詞形式，例如：I look forward to hearing from you soon. 在love，hate，prefer，like等動(dòng)詞后用動(dòng)名詞或不定式無(wú)多大區(qū)別。有時(shí)用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，指一般情況，而跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)指某一具體行為。start，begin，continue在書(shū)面語(yǔ)中多后接動(dòng)名詞，在口語(yǔ)中多后接不定式。但start和begin在下列情況下一般跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是物而不是人時(shí)；當(dāng)start或begin以-ing形式出現(xiàn)時(shí)，當(dāng)后面作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞表示感情、思想或意念時(shí)。如：It started to snow. He is beginning to cook dinner. I began to understand what he meant. 在should(would) like/love等后須用不定式。4）作定語(yǔ)，例如：He has a reading room. 2動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)由物主代詞或人稱(chēng)代詞賓格、名詞所有格或普通格加動(dòng)名詞構(gòu)成。在句子開(kāi)頭必須用名詞所有格或物主代詞。如果動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)是無(wú)生命的名詞時(shí)，用普通格。如：His coming made me very happy. Marys crying annoyed him. She didnt mind his/him crying. Is there any hope of Xiao Wangs winning.?He insists on the plan being carried out. 3動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)分一般式和完成式兩種，如果動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)作沒(méi)有明確地表示出時(shí)間是與謂語(yǔ)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作以前發(fā)生，用動(dòng)名詞的一般式。如：We are interested in playing chess. His coming will be of great help to us. 如果動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前，通常用動(dòng)名詞的完成時(shí)態(tài)。如：Im sorry for not having kept my promise. 在某些動(dòng)詞或詞組后，常用動(dòng)名詞的一般形式，盡管其動(dòng)作是在謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生的。如：Excuse me for coming late. 主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞所表示的動(dòng)作的對(duì)象時(shí)，動(dòng)名詞用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“being + 過(guò)去分詞”或“having been + 過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。后一種一般很少使用，以免使句子顯得累贅。如：He likes being helped. He was afraid of being left at home. I dont remember having ever been given a chance to do it動(dòng)名詞與動(dòng)詞不定式用法類(lèi)析江蘇省東臺(tái)市唐洋鎮(zhèn)中學(xué) 朱小峰 英語(yǔ)中某些動(dòng)詞后可跟動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)詞不定式，有時(shí)兩者意思差別不大，有時(shí)卻截然不同?，F(xiàn)分別例析如下： 一、兩者意思相似，但稍有差別： 1startbegin doing sth (或to do sth) 析：startbegin doing sth與startbegin to do sth，兩者均表示“開(kāi)始做某事”，一般可通用，但指開(kāi)始一項(xiàng)長(zhǎng)期或習(xí)慣的活動(dòng)時(shí)，多用doing形式，例如：(1)I startedbegan learning(或to learn)English in 1992我在1992年開(kāi)始學(xué)英語(yǔ)。 (2)How old were you when you first started playing football?你第一次踢足球時(shí)多大？ 2.1ike doing sth(或to do sth) 析：like doing sth與like to do sth兩者均表示“喜歡做某事”，有時(shí)可以通用，但表示一般性或抽象的多次性行為多用doing形式；表示某一特定場(chǎng)合具體的動(dòng)作時(shí)，多用to do形式。類(lèi)似此用法的動(dòng)詞還有hate(憎恨)，love(愛(ài)、喜歡)，prefer(更喜歡)等，例如：(1)Fox example，Lily likes to dance(或dancing)，but I like to sing(或singing)例如，莉莉喜歡跳舞，但我喜歡唱歌。(2)He likeshates swimming，but he doesnt likehate to swim today.他喜歡/討厭游泳，但他今天不喜歡/討厭游泳。二、兩者意思一樣，可以互相替換：1continue doing sth.( 或to do sth.)析：continue doing 與 continue to do sth. 兩者均表示“繼續(xù)做某事”,通?？梢曰ハ嗵鎿Q。例如：（1）He continued asking (to ask ) the same question . 他繼續(xù)問(wèn)同樣的問(wèn)題。三、只有doing sth ,而沒(méi)有to do sth. 1find doing sth 和practice doing sth. 析：find doing sth 表示“發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做某事”；practice doing sth 表示“練習(xí)做某事”。類(lèi)似此用法的動(dòng)詞還有：finish(完成)，keep (繼續(xù))，mind (介意)，cant help (情不自禁)，look forward to (期望)，pay attention to (注意)，feel like (想要)，consider(考慮)等。（1）I find the girl reading a book under the tree .我發(fā)現(xiàn)那個(gè)女孩在樹(shù)下讀書(shū)。(2) I am considering changing my job . 我正在考慮改變我的工作。（3）We must practice speaking English every day. 我們必須每天練習(xí)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。四、兩者意思截然不同： 1stop doing sth和stop to do sth 析：stop doing sth是“動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)”，表示“停止正在做的事情”；stop to do sth表示“停下來(lái)改做另一件事”，stop是不及物動(dòng)詞，不定式是目的狀語(yǔ)，例如：(1)Stop talking! Its time for class不要講話(huà)！是該上課的時(shí)候了。(2)The woman stopped to have a rest那個(gè)女人停下來(lái)休息一下。 2see sb doing sth與see sb do sth 析：see sbdoing sth表示“看見(jiàn)某人正在做某事”；see sbdo sth(do是省to的動(dòng)詞不定式)表示“經(jīng)?？匆?jiàn)某人做某事或看到某一動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程”。類(lèi)似此用法的動(dòng)詞還有hear(聽(tīng)見(jiàn))，watch(觀(guān)看)，feel(感覺(jué))等，例如： （1） I often saw him play football and yesterday afternoon I saw him playing football我經(jīng)常看見(jiàn)他踢足球，昨天下午我看到他正在踢足球。（2） I heard the girl singing a song in the room just now .我剛才聽(tīng)見(jiàn)那個(gè)女孩在房間唱歌。 3 go on doing sth.與go on to do sth 析：go on doing sth表示“繼續(xù)做一直在做的事”，同義詞組為go on with sth；go onto do sth表示“繼續(xù)接著做另一件事”，例如：(1) Please go on doing your homeworkPlease go on with your homework請(qǐng)繼續(xù)做你的家庭作業(yè)。(2)After l finished my homework, I went on to watch TV在我完成作業(yè)后，我繼續(xù)看電視。 4remember doing sth與remember to do sth 析：remember doing sth表示“記得做過(guò)某事”；remember to do sth表示“記住要做某事”。類(lèi)似此用法的動(dòng)詞還有forget(忘記)，regret(遺憾)等，例如：(1)I rememberforget seeing the film我記得/忘記看過(guò)那場(chǎng)電影。(2)Please rememberdont forget to post the letter請(qǐng)記住/不要忘記去寄那封信。 5try doing sth與try to do sth 析：try doing sth表示“試著做某事”；try to do sth表示“試圖(盡力)做某事”，例如：(1)Let me try driving a car讓我試著開(kāi)那輛小汽車(chē)。(2)I try to finish the work on time我試圖按時(shí)完成那個(gè)工作。 6need doing與need to do sth 析：need doing表示“需要被做”，主語(yǔ)一般為物，相當(dāng)于need to be done；need to dosth表示“需要做某事”，主語(yǔ)一般為人。類(lèi)似此用法的動(dòng)詞還有want(需要)等，例如：(1)My car needs mending。=My car needs to be mended我的小汽車(chē)需要修理。(2)We need to study hard我們需要努力學(xué)習(xí)。以上是我們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)所必須掌握的，在平時(shí)的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中，要能夠正確應(yīng)用，否則將會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些不該犯的錯(cuò)誤。動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞用法的區(qū)別(2011-04-22 16:10:25) 在英語(yǔ)教學(xué)過(guò)程中，不少學(xué)生會(huì)混淆動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞。在遇到動(dòng)詞的-ing形式時(shí)，他們比較難區(qū)分到底什么時(shí)候動(dòng)詞的-ing形式是動(dòng)名詞，什么時(shí)候是現(xiàn)在分詞。為了區(qū)分這兩者，首先，我們要從概念上認(rèn)識(shí)它們。動(dòng)詞的-ing形式在起名詞作用時(shí)，稱(chēng)為動(dòng)名詞；用作形容詞時(shí)，稱(chēng)為現(xiàn)在分詞。其次，我們要從用法方面區(qū)分動(dòng)詞的-ing形式是動(dòng)名詞還是現(xiàn)在分詞。一、動(dòng)詞的-ing形式用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其為動(dòng)名詞，現(xiàn)在分詞不可以用作主語(yǔ)。1動(dòng)名詞用作主語(yǔ)（例句中，斜體部分為主語(yǔ)。）Reading French is easier than speaking it. 閱讀法文比講法語(yǔ)容易。Talking to him is talking to a wall. 和他說(shuō)話(huà)等于對(duì)牛彈琴。Smoking can cause cancer. 吸煙會(huì)致癌。Growing roses is her hobby. 種玫瑰是她的愛(ài)好。2有時(shí)it作形式主語(yǔ)，把動(dòng)名詞主語(yǔ)放在句子后面Its nice seeing you again. 再次見(jiàn)到你太好了。It was tiring driving from morning till night. 從早到晚開(kāi)車(chē)很累人。Its a wonder meeting you here. 在這里碰到你真是奇跡。It was a waste of time reading that book. 看那本書(shū)是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。3“There is + no”后可以用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)There was no knowing what he could do. 他能做什么很難說(shuō)。There was no arguing with her. 沒(méi)法和她爭(zhēng)論。二、動(dòng)詞的-ing形式用作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，其為動(dòng)名詞，現(xiàn)在分詞不可以用作賓語(yǔ)。1有許多動(dòng)詞可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)I suggested bringing the meeting to an end. 我建議結(jié)束會(huì)議。So you prefer living abroad? 這樣說(shuō)你更愿意住在國(guó)外？He kept complaining. 他不停地抱怨。I finished reading the book last night. 這書(shū)我昨晚看完了。2有許多帶介詞的動(dòng)詞固定搭配接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)He has given up playing football. 他現(xiàn)在不踢足球了。Prices keep on increasing. 價(jià)格不斷上漲。三、當(dāng)動(dòng)詞的-ing形式用作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其為現(xiàn)在分詞，動(dòng)名詞不可以用作狀語(yǔ)?，F(xiàn)在分詞及其短語(yǔ)從表意的角度看可以用作狀語(yǔ)，表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等。其動(dòng)作可能發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)之前或之后，也可能與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。Climbing to the top of the tower, we saw a magnificent view.我們爬到塔頂后，看到了一片壯麗的景象。（表時(shí)間）Living in the country, we had few social engagements.我們住在鄉(xiāng)下，交際的機(jī)會(huì)很少。（表原因）A person standing at the center of one of the broader craters would be unable to see the crater walls.一個(gè)人如站在更廣闊的火山口的中間，就會(huì)看不到火山口壁。（表?xiàng)l件）Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.盡管他們了解這一切，還是要我賠償損失。（表讓步）pay for v.償還, 賠償The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it.那孩子跌倒了，頭碰在門(mén)上碰破了。（表結(jié)果）He stood leaning against the wall. 他靠墻站著。（表方式或伴隨情況）四、動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞都可以用作表語(yǔ)，當(dāng)動(dòng)詞的-ing為名詞時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的-ing為動(dòng)名詞。動(dòng)詞的-ing為形容詞時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的-ing為現(xiàn)在分詞。1動(dòng)名詞用作表語(yǔ)Her hobby is painting. 她的愛(ài)好是繪畫(huà)。Her job was tending the sheep. 她的工作是放羊。The main thing is getting there in time. 首要的事是及時(shí)到達(dá)那里。2現(xiàn)在分詞用作表語(yǔ)The news is encouraging. 這消息令人鼓舞。This story is very interesting. 這個(gè)故事很有趣。The day was so charming. 天氣真是好極了。The difference was most striking. 差別很明顯。五、動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞都可以用作定語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞表示其所修飾的名詞的動(dòng)作，也可以說(shuō)，現(xiàn)在分詞與其所修飾的名詞在邏輯上具有主謂關(guān)系。動(dòng)名詞則表示其修飾的名詞的性質(zhì)，兩者在邏輯上無(wú)主謂關(guān)系。1動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞表性質(zhì)或用途或功能。swimming pool 游泳池 drinking water 飲用水swimming suit 游泳衣 waiting room 候車(chē)室sleeping bag 睡袋 parking lot 停車(chē)場(chǎng)sleeping pill 安眠藥 parking meter 停車(chē)計(jì)時(shí)writing desk 寫(xiě)字桌 sewing machine 縫紉機(jī)writing paper 信紙 operating table 手術(shù)室diving suit 潛水衣 reading room 閱覽室diving board 跳板 threshing ground 打谷場(chǎng)washing machine 洗衣機(jī) boxing competition 拳擊比賽washing powder 洗衣粉 speaking contest 演講比賽drawing board 繪圖板 checking account 活期賬戶(hù)drawing pin 圖釘 banking system 銀行系統(tǒng)fishing pole 釣魚(yú)桿 fishing line 釣魚(yú)線(xiàn)2現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)dwindling profits 日益減少的利潤(rùn) a booming town 日漸繁榮的城鎮(zhèn)growing doubts 越來(lái)越大的懷疑 increasing demand 日益增長(zhǎng)的需求the demand is increasingthe existing condition 現(xiàn)有條件diminishing returns 日益減少的效益the remaining days 剩下的歲月 the prevailing fashion 盛行的時(shí)裝a shining example 光輝的榜樣 lasting peace 持久的和平a falling star 流星 the leading newspapers