被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).ppt語(yǔ)法.ppt

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí) 峰口鎮(zhèn)第二初級(jí)中學(xué)彭江慧 一 語(yǔ)態(tài)分類(lèi) 英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài) 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者 如 Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver 主動(dòng) Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver 被動(dòng) 漢語(yǔ)中常用 被 給 由 受 等詞用來(lái)表示被動(dòng) 而英語(yǔ)用 助動(dòng)詞be 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)常用的八種時(shí)態(tài)1 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry Riceisgrowninthesouthofthecountry Theschooldoesn tallowustoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher Wearenotallowedtoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher 2 一般過(guò)去時(shí) Theyagreedonthebuildingofanewcarfactorylastmonth Thebuildingofanewcarfactorywasagreedonlastmonth Thestudentsdidn tforgethislessonseasily Hislessonswerenoteasilyforgotten 3 一般將來(lái)時(shí) Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea Carswillbesentabroadbysea Theywillgiveplentyofjobstoschool leavers Plentyofjobswillbegiventoschool leavers 4 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) Themanagersaidtheywouldcompletetheprojectbytheendoftheyear Themanagersaidtheprojectwouldbecompletedbytheendoftheyear Theworkerstoldmetheywouldmendthecarassoonaspossible Theworkerstoldmethatthecarwouldbemendedassoonaspossible 5 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) TheradioisbroadcastingEnglishlessons Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastontheradio Wearepaintingtherooms Theroomsarebeingpainted 6 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) Whydidn ttheydrivethereontime Becausetheworkersweremendingtheroad Becausetheroadwasbeingmended Thistimelastyearwewereplantingtreeshere Treeswerebeingplantedherethistimelastyear 7 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) Someonehastoldmethesportsmeetmightbeputoff Ihavebeentoldthesportsmeetmightbeputoff Wehavebroughtdowntheprice Thepricehasbeenbroughtdown 8 過(guò)去完成時(shí) WhenIgottothetheatre Ifoundtheyhadalreadysoldoutthetickets WhenIgottothetheatre Ifoundtheticketshadalreadybeensoldout Thewholecountrywasverysadatthenewsofhisdeath Peoplehadconsideredhimtobeagreatleader Hehadbeenconsideredtobeagreatleader 9 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是由 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 be 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 構(gòu)成 Youmusthandinyourcompositionsafterclass Yourcompositionsmustbehandedinafterclass Hecanwriteagreatmanyletterswiththecomputer Agreatmanyletterscanbewrittenwiththecomputerbyhim 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 我們知道 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是由be done 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 構(gòu)成的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成比較 10 動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)betodo betobedonebegoingtodo begoingtobedoneBeabouttodo beabouttobedoneEg HeistoreadanovelAnovelistobereadbyhimTheyaregoingtoholdameetingtomorrow Ameetingisgoingtobeheldtomorrow Theyareabouttoshootthemurderer Themurderdrisabouttobeshotbythem 1 Thepolicefoundthatthehouse andalotofthings A hasbrokeninto hasbeenstolenB hadbrokeninto hadbeenstolenC hasbeenbrokeninto stolenD hadbeenbrokeninto stolen 2 Ifcitynoises fromincreasing people shouttobeheardevenatthedinnertable20yearsfromnow A arenotkept willhavetoB arenotkept havetoC donotkeep willhavetoD donotkeep haveto D Practice A 3 thesportsmeetmightbeputoff Yes italldependsontheweather A I vebeentoldB I vetoldC I mtoldD Itold 4 Themathsproblem amongthestudentssoon A isabouttobediscussB isgoingtobediscussedC istodiscussD isgoingtohavebeendiscussed A B 一 語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)要注意的問(wèn)題1 把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí) 其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要與原句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致 其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與新主語(yǔ)保持一致 Wehaveboughtanewcomputer Anewcomputerhasbeenbought 正確 Anewcomputerhavebeenbought 錯(cuò)誤 2 含有雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句時(shí) 可分別將其中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ) 另一個(gè)不動(dòng) 一般變間接賓語(yǔ)為主語(yǔ)時(shí)比較多 Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday 如果把直接賓語(yǔ) 指物 改為主語(yǔ) 則在間接賓語(yǔ) 指人 前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~ 如上句還可以說(shuō) Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday 保留賓語(yǔ) 注意 一般在下列動(dòng)詞后 常在間接賓語(yǔ)前用介詞to 如 bring give lend offer pass promise sell show teach tell等 Thecupwithmixturewasshowedtotheclass Mybikewaslenttoher 一般在下列動(dòng)詞后 間接賓語(yǔ)前用介詞for 如 buy cook choose fetch get make order 等 Mothermademeanewskirt Anewskirtwasmadeforme Themeatwascookedforus 3 由動(dòng)詞 介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 要把它們作為整體看 即把它們看成一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞 介詞或副詞不可拆開(kāi)或漏掉這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有l(wèi)aughat operateon lookafter makefunof makeuseoftakecareof carryout giveup handin pointout putaway putoff turndown workout talkabout等 Thepatientisbeingoperatedon Theproblemissolved Itneedn tbetalkedabout Hisrequestwasturneddown Thesportsmeetwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweather Achildistakengoodcareof 4 帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 賓補(bǔ) 的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí) 一般把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語(yǔ)改為主語(yǔ) 而賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)保留在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后面 如 a 動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ) adjWealwayskeeptheclassroomclean Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean b 動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ) nTheychoseTomcaptain Tomwaschosencaptainc 動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ) todoShetoldustofollowherinstructions Weweretoldtofollowherinstructions d 動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ) doingIfoundhimlyingonthefloor hewasfoundlyingonthefloore 動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ) donewefoundallourseatsoccupied allourseatswerefoundoccupied 注意 在see watch hear notice listento lookat make feel等動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式都不帶to 但改成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后都帶to Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar Hismothermakeshimcleantheroomeveryday Heismadetocleantheroomeveryday 二 某些動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng) 1 Thepicturelooksbeautiful 這里的look是表狀態(tài)特征的連系動(dòng)詞 它后面要求跟形容詞或名詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu) 其主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義 感官系動(dòng)詞一般用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義 如 feel look seem taste sound remain turnout smell等 Doyoulikethematerial Yes itfeelsverysoft TheflowerslookbeautifulWhathesaidsoundsreasonable Therosessmellsweet Themedicinetastesbitter 誤 Itisfeltverysoft Thefoodtastesdelicious 誤 Thefoodistasteddelicious Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful 誤 Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful 2 有些動(dòng)詞既是及物又是不及物 當(dāng)它們和well badly easily等副詞連用時(shí) 表示主語(yǔ)內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能 是不及物動(dòng)詞 用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng) 這時(shí)不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 常見(jiàn)的有 write read clean sell dry wash cook wear等 如 Theclothwasheseasily 這布很好洗 SomesilkswashwellThenewproductsellswell 這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷(xiāo) Thepenwritessmoothly 這支筆寫(xiě)字很流暢 Thepoemreadsfluently Theshoeswearwell ThepapertearseasilyThiskindofclothdriedeasily對(duì)比 Thebookssellwell 主動(dòng)句 Thebooksweresoldout 被動(dòng)句 Themeatdidn tcookwell 主動(dòng)句 Themeatwascookedforalongtimeoverlowheat 被動(dòng)句 3 want need require作 需要 解時(shí)及beworth inneedof后接動(dòng)詞 常用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義 Eg 1 Theflowerneeds wants requireswatering Yourhairneeds wants requirescuttingThecomputerneeds wants requiresreqairing2 Thefilm musicisworthlisteningto 3 Histeachingmethodisinneedofimproving 4 不定式在某些形容詞后作狀語(yǔ)且和句子的主語(yǔ) 或賓語(yǔ) 構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí) Thesentenceiseasytounderstand Shefoundtheproblemhardtodealwith TheboxisheavytoliftThepictureispleasanttolookatThenovelisinterestingtoread此類(lèi)形容詞 difficult comfortable pleasant fit interesting unfit light heavy dangerous etc 5 不定式作名詞的后置定語(yǔ) 和被修飾的名詞有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系 同時(shí)和該句主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系 不定式常用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義 Shehadonlyacoldroomtolivein Ihaveameetingtoattend IhavealotofhomeworktodoShehasmanychildrentolookafterIgavehimacaketoeatIgavehimabooktoread 第一 一些不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 如 takeplace comeabout breakout belongto consistof addupto comeintobeing cometrue turnout等 如 Thefirebrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding 誤 Thefirewasbrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina 誤 GreatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinChina 第二 不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 如 rise happen succeed remain lie等 Whenwegottothetopofthemountain thesunhadalreadyrisen 誤 Thesunhadalreadybeenrisen Aftertheearthquake fewhousesremained 誤 Aftertheearthquake fewhouseswereremained 三 下列情況主動(dòng)句不能改為被動(dòng)句 例如 據(jù)說(shuō) Itissaid thoughtthat 據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo) Itisreportedthat 據(jù)推測(cè) Itissupposedthat 希望 Itishopedthat 眾所周知 Itiswellknownthat 普遍認(rèn)為 Itisgenerallyconsideredthat 有人建議 Itissuggestedthat 1 Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow 2 ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp 3 ItissaidthatMr GreenhasarrivedinBeijing 四 在漢語(yǔ)中 有一類(lèi)句子不出現(xiàn)主語(yǔ) 在英語(yǔ)中一般可用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示 五 英語(yǔ)中一些詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表主動(dòng)意義 bedressedin beseatedin at beside nexttobeaddictedto bedeterminedtobedevotedto beabsorbedin bedisappointedat belostin beengagedin beoccupiedin befacedwithEg 1 Sheisseatedonthesofa 2 Addictedtosurfingtheinternet theboyoftenescapesfromclasses 3 Determinedtogiveupsmoking hethrewawayhisremainingcigarettes 4 Disappointedatfailinginthemathexam Kentawouldn tliketotalkaboutittohisparents 5 Judithlayonthesofa absorbedinherbook 六 介詞in on under 名詞短語(yǔ)表被動(dòng)意義 常見(jiàn)的有 undercontrol undertreatment underrepair underdiscussion underconstruction beyondbelief beyondone sreach beyondone scontrol inprint insight onsale onshow ontrial outofcontrol outofsight outofone sreach outoffashion Eg 1 Thebuildingisunderconstruction isbeingconstructed 2 Theplanewasoutofcontrol can tbecontrolled 3 Theroadisunderrepair isbeingrepaired 4 Todaysometreasuresareonshow arebeingshown inthemuseum 1 Thenewdictionariesareveryuseful They welland already sell havebeensoldoutB sold hadsoldoutC sell selloutaresold havebeensoldout2 IsawDaveinliftthismorning Really He aroundhereforalongtime A won tbeseenB wasn tseeC hasn tbeenseenD hadn tbeenseen 3 Thewindowisdirty Iknow It forweeks hasn tcleanedB didn tcleanC wasn tcleanedD hasn tbeencleaned4 Thehero sstory differentlyinthenewspapers wasreportedB wasreportingreportsD reported5 Whydidyouleavethatposition I abetterpositionatIBM offerB offeredC amofferedD wasoffered6 Morethanadozenstudentsinthatschool abroadtostudymedicinelastyear A sentB weresentC hadsentD hadbeensent 7 Thepoliceman sattentionwassuddenlycaughtbyasmallboxwhich placedundertheMinister scar hasbeenB wasbeingC hadbeenD wouldbe8 Millionsofpounds worthdamage byastormwhichsweptacrossthenorthofEnglandlastnight A hasbeencausedB hadbeencausedC willbecausedD willhavebeencaused9 Whentheoldman towalkbacktohishouse thesun itselfbehindthemountain started hadalreadyhiddenhadstarted hadalreadyhiddenC hadstarted washidingD wasstarting hid 10 Thewater coolwhenIjumpedintothepoolformorningexercise wasfeltB isfeltC feltD feels11 Themomentthe28thOlympicGames open thewholeworldcheered declaredB havebeendeclaredC havedeclaredD weredeclared12 MrGreenstoodupindefenceofthe16 year oldboy sayingthathewasnottheone blamedB blamingC toblameD tobeblamed 13 Inaroomabovethestore whereaparty someworkerswerebusilysettingthetable A wastobeheldB hasbeenheldC willbeheldD isbeingheld14 Idon tsupposethepoliceknowwhodidit Wellsurprisinglytheydo Amanhasbeenarrestedand now A hasbeenquestionedB isbeingquestionedC isquestioningD hasquestioned15 Thenewtypeofcellphone betterifitisadvertisedonTV A willsellB sellsC wouldsellD sold 16 Thebridgewhich lastyearlooksreallybeautiful A wasbuiltB builtC wassetupD hadbeenbuilt17 Thiscloth welland long Ok I lltakeit A washes lastsB iswashed lastedC washes islastedD iswashing lasting18 Anexhibitionofpaintings atthemuseumnextweek A aretobeheldB istobeheldC areholdingD willhold 19 I msorry sir Yourrecorderisn treadyyet It inthefactory A isbeingrepairedB isrepairedC hasbeenrepairedD hasn trepaired20 Everypossiblemeans butnoneprovesuccessful A hastriedB hasbeentriedC isbeingtriedD tried21 Mylittlesisterhasbrokenmywatch Mywatch bymylittlesister A isbrokenB hasbrokenC havebeenbrokenD hasbeenbroken 22 HewascleaninghisroomwhenIenteredthehouse Hisroom byhimwhenIenteredtheroom A wasbeingcleanedB wascleanedC wasbeingcleaningD hasbeencleaned23 IshallhaveFinishedreadingthenovelbydinnertime Thisnovel reading byme bydinnertimeA willhavefinished B willhasbeenfinishedC willhavebeingfinishedD willhavebeenfinished24 Yououghttokeepthesethreeroomsclean Thesethreerooms byyou areoughtedtokeepcleanB oughttokeptcleanC oughttobekeptcleanD oughttohavebeenkeptclean 1 Thenewdictionariesareveryuseful They welland already sell havebeensoldoutB sold hadsoldoutC sell selloutaresold havebeensoldout2 IsawDaveinliftthismorning Really He aroundhereforalongtime A won tbeseenB wasn tseeC hasn tbeenseenD hadn tbeenseen 3 Thewindowisdirty Iknow It forweeks hasn tcleanedB didn tcleanC wasn tcleanedD hasn tbeencleaned4 Thehero sstory differentlyinthenewspapers wasreportedB wasreportingreportsD reported5 Whydidyouleavethatposition I abetterpositionatIBM offerB offeredC amofferedD wasoffered6 Morethanadozenstudentsinthatschool abroadtostudymedicinelastyear A sentB weresentC hadsentD hadbeensent 7 Thepoliceman sattentionwassuddenlycaughtbyasmallboxwhich placedundertheMinister scar hasbeenB wasbeingC hadbeenD wouldbe8 Millionsofpounds worthdamage byastormwhichsweptacrossthenorthofEnglandlastnight A hasbeencausedB hadbeencausedC willbecausedD willhavebeencaused9 Whentheoldman towalkbacktohishouse thesun itselfbehindthemountain started hadalreadyhiddenhadstarted hadalreadyhiddenC hadstarted washidingD wasstarting hid 10 Thewater coolwhenIjoinedintothepoolformorningexercise wasfeltB isfeltC feltD feels11 Themomentthe28thOlympicGames open thewholeworldcheered declaredB havebeendeclaredC havedeclaredD weredeclared12 MrGreenstoodupindefenceofthe16 year oldboy sayingthathewasnottheone blamedB blamingC toblameD tobeblamed 13 Inaroomabovethestore whereaparty someworkerswerebusilysettingthetable A wastobeheldB hasbeenheldC willbeheldD is