詞語翻譯技巧的靈活性.doc

Descriptions of my translation materials One of my translation materials is an excerpt of a news report about getting Bin Laden from New York. It is the largest metropolitan newspaper in the United States. Nicknamed the Gray Lady for its staid appearance and style, it is often regarded as a newspaper of record in the United States, meaning that it is frequently relied upon as the official and authoritative reference for modern events. The name is often abbreviated to The Times, but should not be confused with The Times, which is published in the United Kingdom. The report is written in the sequence of time, which includes setting cause development climax result of the activity. When referring to people, the report uses courtesy titles, rather than unadorned last names. Its headlines tend to be thin, and, for major stories, come with subheadings giving further details, although it is moving away from this style. The report is a piece of typical news about current affairs of the paper, which is interesting all-sided and good-structured. Another material is an article about a theory of enterprise ability and enterprise strategy alliance. The article is a thesis of a learner in Business Management field. The author introduces a new theory on enterprise ability and enterprise strategy alliance in the whole thesis. At first, he explains what enterprise ability is and the situation of enterprise ability defects. Then he continues to tell us three choices when faced with enterprise ability defects. The first choice: enterprise can make up for the gap between the ability system and the goal of activity by accumulation. The second choice: enterprise can make up for disabilities through the merger or acquisition for external ability. The last: develop enterprise ability and improve enterprise ability structure by alliance and corporation. Then the writer narrates the key ability of an enterprise and the enterprise strategy alliance. Finally, he ends up with the development of enterprise dynamical ability and enterprise strategy alliance. The article focuses on the enterprise ability and strategy alliance. The author applies a lot of economy theory and the proper noun. So it is hard to understand totally. But the materials are update and practical. In one word, my translation materials are appropriate to exercise my translation skills.詞語翻譯技巧的靈活性摘要英國翻譯理論學(xué)家紐馬克（Peter Newmark）在其A Textbook of Translation 中寫道：What is translation? Often, thought not by any means always, it is rending the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text. 1 不難看出，紐馬克是從原作者的意義視角來定義的。美國翻譯理論學(xué)家尤金.奈達(dá)（Eugene Nida）在其The Theory and Practice of Translation 中這樣定義，他說：Translating consists in producing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in term of meaning and secondly in term of style. 2 很明顯，奈達(dá)的定義強調(diào)信息對等，風(fēng)格相似。中國學(xué)者張培基認(rèn)為“翻譯就是運用一種語言把另一種語言所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容準(zhǔn)確而完整地從新的表達(dá)出來的活動。” 可見這里的翻譯被看成是一種語言的轉(zhuǎn)換活動。翻譯其實質(zhì)是一種語言的翻譯活動或行為。其學(xué)習(xí)和研究的重點是：（1）翻譯的運作過程；（2）翻譯的方法和技巧；（3）翻譯的評價標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；（4）翻譯實踐。3由于語言建構(gòu)上的差別，從一種語言轉(zhuǎn)化成另一種語言時，原語的意義可能會被刪減或改變，所以翻譯是一件十分困難的事情。那么翻譯到底有沒有一種理論呢?對此翻譯的科學(xué)派和藝術(shù)派持有不同的意見。我認(rèn)為翻譯既是科學(xué)又是藝術(shù)，之所以說它是藝術(shù)，是因為翻譯是一門十分講究技巧的實踐性很強的科學(xué)。藝術(shù)的本質(zhì)是技巧，只有通過反復(fù)實踐練習(xí)，才可以達(dá)到“爐火純青”的熟練程度。之所以說翻譯是科學(xué)，是因為它有一定的規(guī)律和特殊法可以遵循。而這種規(guī)律需要學(xué)習(xí)和研究。現(xiàn)在，中國與西方英語區(qū)國家的經(jīng)濟政治文化交流交往日益密切，對翻譯人才極其稀缺。國際形勢風(fēng)云變化，對信息的及時掌握對國家的命運至關(guān)重要，時事新聞的翻譯和經(jīng)濟領(lǐng)域的研究成果顯得尤為重要。我們應(yīng)當(dāng)給予重視。本文是筆者在翻譯學(xué)習(xí)的過程中總結(jié)的經(jīng)驗。 關(guān)鍵詞：語言差異；詞義；靈活性；策略AbstractPeter writes in his Textbook of Translation “What is translation? Often, thought not by any means always, it is rending the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text.”1 Newmarka pays attention to the meaning of original author. But Eugene Nida claims his view in The Theory and Practice of Translation that translating consists in producing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in term of meaning and secondly in term of style. 2Nida thinks accuracy of article is extremely important. They are right despite they defines the translation differently .A Chinese learner argues translation is the activity express perfectly an accurate and complete content of a certain language with another kind of language .According to my viewpoints, translation practice is an difficulty work in essence. The study and research focus is: (1) the translation process; (2) translation methods and skills; (3) translation evaluation standards; (4) translation practice.3 Due to the differences in language construction between languages, translating form one language into another language, the meaning of the source language may be cut or change, so the translation is a very difficult thing. So is three a kind of translation theory? When asked translation is a science or art, people have different opinions. I think the translation is both science and art; the reason is that because translation is a very exquisite skill of practical science. The essence of art is a skill that only through repeated practice exercises, we can achieve proficiency. The translation is science, because it has a certain law. And this law, you must learn and study through practice exercises.Recently, political cultural and economical exchanges become boosting. Translators in these fields are badly needed. The international situation changes quickly. Master of timely information is very important to the fate of the country, translation of current news and economic research is particularly important. We should pay much attention to this field. In this paper the author draw a conclusion with experience summary obtained in the course of learning translations.As the development of internet and various kinds of wireless communication tools, we can get any information we needed. It is just a click of the keyboard. The earth becomes an earth village political and economical exchange are boosting. Therefore, difficulties caused by language difference are becoming more and more obviously .there is few excellent translators in labor market because translation needs long periods of training and practices. In the translation, I apply to a few of methods concluded by excellent and translate expert. According to the means of them, I successfully complete my translation.一. Difference between Chinese and English (一) Synthetic vs. Analytic(1)English has form change but the Chinese do not strictly change.1. Formation of words That is to say, the affixation acting as the formation of the word changes, including a large number of prefix and suffix word-formation form. Such as there are many compound words in translation material: preparatory refueling planeload and upscale. The word-formation form is common in this report. 2. Configuration formWords express the significance of the grammar change. English verb have several forms, including present, past, pastpast tense. The report mainly used the past tense to describe the process of getting Bin Laden. But when talk about the response to the event, the reporter uses the present tense. The form of word is change with tense. The economy thesis use the present tense to emphases the fact and timeliness. The author adopts this way to make his article more persuading and practical. (2)Word order of English is more flexible, Chinese word order is relatively fixedChange of shape has closet relationships with word order. The more changeable of the language shape is, the more flexible word order, and vice versa.Chinese is the typical analytic language. The words havent form marks, location and the relationship between the words are mainly expressed through arrangement word order and use of function words. The comprehensive-special English, word order hasnt the same flexibility as Latin, but it is not fixed like Chinese. English grammar significance can through the word order or function to express, in many cases can also use form marks.(二)Compact vs. Diffusive English sentences have rigid primary and secondary, clear administrative levels, correspondence of text, strict standard. English sentence is of high compactness. Such as this sentence in the report, Robert Gates, the Secretary of Defense, was one of most outspoken opponents of a helicopter assault. The sentence is a long sentence, which has a parenthesis and possessive construction. Chinese grammatical structure has a lot of diversity and complexity and flexibility, and thus is a sentences type. Diffusiveness of Chinese sentence also reveals in terms of the variety of sentence, such as the whole and short sentence. (三)Complex vs. SimplexSubordination is one of the most important features of modern English. F. Crews say “Subordination，the placing of certain elements in modifying roles，is a fundamental principle of writing.” Brain, James, Mark selected a team of two dozen SEALS from RED Squadron and told them to report to a densely forested site in North Carolina for a training exercise on April 10th. This sentence is complex and complicated. Chinese commonly use words, short sentences, and scattered sentences, running water sentences or composite sentences, in short, with the majority, the best length for 7 to 12 words.(四) Passive vs. ActiveThe passive in English is a common grammatical phenomenon. British and U.S. language scholars advocate multi-purpose active tense, dont abuse the passive voice. The assault plan was now honed is a passive sentences. However, in Chinese passive sentences is rare. Chinese is