英語動詞時態(tài)講解及練習(xí).doc

語法（一）：動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)【】英語的時態(tài)共有16種 一般時 進行時 完成時 完成進行時 一般現(xiàn)在時現(xiàn)在進行時 現(xiàn)在完成時 現(xiàn)在完成進行時 一般過去時過去進行時 過去完成時 過去完成進行時 一般將來時將來進行時 將來完成時 將來完成進行時 一般過去將來時過去將來進行時 過去將來完成時 過去將來完成進行時 【】十六種時態(tài)的謂語形式 一般時態(tài) 進行時態(tài) 完成時態(tài) 完成進行時態(tài) 現(xiàn)在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 過去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 將來 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 過去將來 should/would do should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing 常用的八種時態(tài)一、 一般現(xiàn)在時： 概念：經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。 時間狀語： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, etc. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be動詞；行為動詞 否定形式：am/is/are+not;此時態(tài)的謂語動詞若為行為動詞，則在其前加dont,如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用 doesnt，同時還原行為動詞。 一般疑問句：把be動詞放于句首；用助動詞do提問,如主語為第三人稱單數(shù),則用does,同時,還原行為動詞。 主要用來表示人、事物的現(xiàn)在狀況和特點；表示經(jīng)常或習(xí)慣性的動作，句子中常有often, usually, always, sometimes, every day, from time to time 等時間狀語； 表示客觀規(guī)律和永恒真理等。 He usually goes to work at 7 oclock every morning. She has a brother who lives in New York. The earth goes around the sun. Guangzhou is situated in the south of China. Japan lies to the east of China 考點一：表示永恒的真理，即使出現(xiàn)在過去的語境中，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。如： I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. Magellan proved that the earth is not flat, but round.考點二：在時間和條件狀語從句中，代替一般將來時；常用的引導(dǎo)詞有： 時間：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day; every time, whenever, immediately, instantly, directly條件：if, unless, provided, providingIf he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. 考點三：在make sure (certain), see to it that, mind, care, matter 賓語從句， 從句用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。 So long as he works hard, I dont mind when he finishes the experiment. 只要他努力工作， 我不介意他什么時候做完試驗。 See to it that you are here on time tomorrow.We must see to it that party policies are scientific and effective.I dont care what others say.考點四：在the more the more (越越) 句型中, 若主句是一般將來時, 從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時。 The harder you study, the better results you will get. The more you learn, the more you will know. The more you know, the more you will get.二、一般過去時： 概念：過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)；過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作、行為。 時間狀語：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be動詞；行為動詞 否定形式：was/were+not;在行為動詞前加didnt，同時還原行為動詞。 一般疑問句：was或were放于句首；用助動詞do的過去式did 提問，同時還原行為動詞。 表在過去某個特定時間發(fā)生且完成的動作，或過去習(xí)慣性動作，不強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，只說明過去。常跟明確的過去時間連用，如：yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; when, 注意： 考點一：used to + do，表示過去經(jīng)常但現(xiàn)在已不再維持的習(xí)慣動作。to為不定式，后接動詞原形。 be/become/get used to + doing，表示習(xí)慣于 He used to smoke a lot. He has got used to getting up early. 考點二：在時間和條件狀語從句中，代替過去將來時。 He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise 考點三：在下面幾個句型中常常使用過去時態(tài)。Its (high,about) time thatI would rather .Would you mind if.Eg: Its (high,about) time that you took a rest.-Shall I open the window ? -would rather you didnt.Would you mind if I asked you a question?Would you mind if I sweep the floor?考點四：虛擬語氣中一般過去表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?。Eg: If I were you, Id take them away. UG如果我是你的話，我就會帶走他們. If I had time. I could come to help you. 0如果我有時間，我會來幫助你的。 I wish I knew the answer to that question.If only I were a bird!三、現(xiàn)在進行時： 概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時正在進行的動作及行為。 時間狀語：now, at this time, these days, etc. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are+doing 否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing. 一般疑問句：把be動詞放于句首。 表說話時或目前一段時間內(nèi)正在進行的活動：或表感情色彩，加強語氣。We are having English class. The house is being built these days. 考點一：在時間狀語或條件狀語從句中表示將來正在進行的動作。 Look out when you are crossing the street. Dont wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning. 考點二： 動詞go, come leave, start, arrive 等進行時表示在最近按計劃或安排要進行的動作（這時多有表示將來的時間狀語）。 Marry is leaving on Friday. He is arriving here next week.考點三：與頻率副詞，如always，constantly，continually，again等連用表示說話人的某種感情色彩（贊嘆、厭煩、埋怨等）。The little boy is always making trouble. He is always helping others.That girl is constantly thinking of others.That boy is playing basketball again in the house above.考點四：be 動詞的現(xiàn)在進行時可以表示暫時的表現(xiàn)或特點。U R impolite to me today.I dont agree with you, but I think U R being childish.四、過去進行時： 概念：表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發(fā)生或進行的行為或動作。 時間狀語：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+doing 否定形式：was/were + not + doing. 一般疑問句：把was或were放于句首。 表示過去某個時間點或某段時間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生的動作。 The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work. He was taking a walk leisurely by the lake when he heard someone shouted for help. What were you doing at nine last night? The radio was being repaired when you called me. 過去進行時考點：與過去時比較，過去時態(tài)有完成意思，而過去進行時則沒有。He wrote a book.He was writing a book.五、現(xiàn)在完成時： 概念：過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。 時間狀語：recently, lately, sincefor,in the past few years, etc. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has + done 否定形式：have/has + not +done. 一般疑問句：have或has。 表示動作發(fā)生在過去，完成在過去，但強調(diào)與現(xiàn)在情況仍有聯(lián)系，其結(jié)果或影響仍存在?，F(xiàn)在完成時有一些標(biāo)志性的時間狀語： 考點一：for + 時間段；since + 時間點 They have lived in Beijing for five years. They have lived in Beijing since 1995. I have learned English for ten years. 考點二：常見的不確定的時間狀語：lately; recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days, Has it stopped raining yet ? I have just finished my homework/report.So far I have read ten English love stories.考點三：在表示“最近幾世紀(jì)/ 年/ 月以來”時間狀語中，謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時。 in the past few years/months/weeks/days；over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history 等 Great changes have taken place in Suzhou in the past twenty years.考點四：表示“第幾次做某事，”或在 “It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名詞 that” 后面跟現(xiàn)在完成時。在序數(shù)詞或最高級后面的定語從句中常常使用。This is my first time that I have visited China. This is the most interesting film I have ever seen. That is the only book that he has written. 六、過去完成時： 概念：以過去某個時間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在此以前發(fā)生的動作或行為，或在過去某動作之前完成的行為，即“過去的過去”。 時間狀語：before, by the end of last year(term, month),etc. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：had + done. 否定形式：had + not + done. 一般疑問句：had放于句首。 表示過去某個時間之前已經(jīng)完成的動作，即過去完成時的動作發(fā)生在“過去的過去”，句中有明顯的參照動作或時間狀語，這種時態(tài)從來不孤立使用 ( before, after, by, up till ) There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000. By the end of last term we had finished the book. By the end of last term I had learnt more than 2000 English words. They finished earlier than we had expected. 考點一：用于hardly/scarcely.when; no sooner .than 句型中，主句用過去完成時，從句用一般過去時。 注意否定詞在句子開頭要倒裝。I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me. I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow. No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang. （注意主謂倒裝） 考點二：表示“第幾次做某事”，主句用過去時，從句用過去完成時。 That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather. It was 3 years since we had parted。 考點三：動詞hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan 用過去完成時，表示未實現(xiàn)的愿望、打算和意圖。 I had hoped that I could do the job. I had intended to come to see you but I was too busy. = I intended to have come to see you but I was too busy.I had hoped to finish the work earlier.= I hoped to have finished the work earlier.七、一般將來時： 概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。 時間狀語：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow, etc. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are/going to + do；will/shall + do. 否定形式：was/were + not; 在行為動詞前加didnt，同時還原行為動詞。 一般疑問句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。 表在將來某個時間會發(fā)生的動作或情況。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示將來的時間狀語連用，其表現(xiàn)形式多達5種。 Which city will host the 31rd Olympic Games in 2016?考點一：一般將來時總是用在一些帶有時間狀語從句或條件狀語從句的主句中： We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes. If he arrives here after 7 oclock tomorrow morning, he will be punished by our headteacher.（主句用一般將來時，從句中一定要用一般現(xiàn)在時替代一般將來時。） 考點二：某些表示短暫性動作的動詞如arrive, come, go, leave, start等，用現(xiàn)在進行時形式表示將來。 I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 考點三：“祈使句 + and/or + 句子”，這種結(jié)構(gòu)中and后面的句子謂語用一般將來時。 Use your head and you will find a way. Study harder, and you will pass the examinations.考點四：“am (is, are) going to + 動詞原形”，表示打算要做的事或可能要發(fā)生的事。 從目前的跡象看將要發(fā)生某事?！癮m (is, are) about to + 動詞原形”表示按照預(yù)定計劃或打算準(zhǔn)備著手進行的動作。 “am (is, are) to + 動詞原形”表示必須、必然或計劃將要做的事。 They are to be married in this May. Look at the black clouds in the sky. It is going to rain.All these things are to be answered for.We were about to leave when the phone rang.臨時性決定用will, Eg I am sorry to hear that tom is ill, and I will go to see him this afternoon.八、過去將來時： 概念：立足于過去某一時刻，從過去看將來，常用于賓語從句中。 時間狀語：the next day(morning, year),the following month(week),etc. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were/going to + do；would/should + do. 否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do. 一般疑問句：was或were放于句首；would/should 位于句首九、將來進行時 表將來某個時間正在發(fā)生的動作，或按計劃一定會發(fā)生的事情。 Ill be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天這會我正在寫作業(yè)。 The President will be meeting the foreign delegation at the airport. 十、將來完成時 表在將來某時刻之前業(yè)已完成的事情，時間狀語非常明顯。 考點一：常用的時間狀語一般用by+將來的時間。如：by the end of this year, by 8 oclock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time, before或when等引導(dǎo)的副詞從句。 By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot. By the time you reach the station, the train will have left. By next Tuesday, I will have got ready for the exams. 考點二：在時間和條件狀語從句中，將來完成時則由現(xiàn)在完成時表示。 The children will do their homework the moment they have arrived back from school. 動詞的語態(tài) 一般用于強調(diào)受者， 做題時謂語動詞不再有名詞或賓語。動詞的語態(tài)一般不單獨考，而是和時態(tài)、語氣和非謂語動詞一起考，只是需要注意以下考點。 考點一：不能用于被動語態(tài)的動詞和詞組 come true, consist of, take place, happen, become, rise, occur, belong, break out, appear, arrive, die, fall, last, exist, fail, succeed It took place before liberation. 考點二：下列動詞的主動語態(tài)表示被動意義, 而且常與well, quite, easily, badly等副詞連用。 lock ( 鎖 ) ; wash ( 洗 ); sell ( 賣 ); read ( 讀 ); wear ( 穿 ); blame (責(zé)備)；ride (乘坐)； write ( 寫 )； Glass breaks easily. 玻璃容易破碎。 The car rides smoothly. 這車走起來很穩(wěn)。 The case locks easily. 這箱子很好鎖。 The book sells well. 這本書很暢銷。 考點三：一些常用經(jīng)典被動句型： It is said, It is reported, It is widely believed， It is expected, It is estimated, 這些句子一般翻譯為“據(jù)說”，“人們認(rèn)為”， 而 “以前人們認(rèn)為” 則應(yīng)該說：It was believed, It was thought考點四：want, need require deserve +ving 主動語態(tài)表示被動意義 The flowers need watering.= The flowers need to be watered.The kind of work deserves doing.考點五：be seated, be located, be situated被動表示主動意義 Please be seated. Our school is located at the foot of Lingyan Hill全國各地高考時態(tài)與語態(tài)考試題集1.The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she _ .A. will arrive B. arrives C. is going to arrive D. is arriving2.When I was at college I _ three foreign languages, but I _ all except a few words of each.A. spoke; had forgotten B. spoke; have forgottenC. had spoken; had forgotten D. had spoken;have forgotten3.The police found that the house _ and a lot of things_ .A. has broken into; has been stolen B. had broken into; had been stolenC. has been broken into; stolen D. had been broken into; stolen4.Come on in, Peter. I want to show you something.Oh, how nice of you! I _ you _ to bring me a gift.A. never think; are going B. never thought; were goingC. didnt think; were going D. hadnt thought; were going5.The volleyball match will be put off if it_.A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is raining6.Mary_ a dress when she cut her finger.A. made B. is making C. was making D.makes7. Shes upstairs_ letters.A. writes B. is writing C. write D.writing8. Have you moved into the new house?Not yet. The rooms_ .A. are being painting B. are paintingC. are painted D. are being painted9.The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office.A. had written ; left B.were writing ;has left C.had written ;had left D.were writing ;had left10.Whe and where to build the new factory _yet.A.is not decided B. are not decidedC.has not decided D. .have not decided11. When Jack arrived he learned Mary _ for almost an hour.A. had gone B. had set off C. had left D. had been away12.-Do you know our town at all?-No, this is the first time I_ here.A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming13-We could have walked to the station; it was so near.-Yes. A taxi_at all necessary.A. wasnt B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be D. wont be14. If city noises _ from increasing, people_ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.A. are not kept; will have to B. are not kept; have toC. do not keep; will have to D. do not keep; have to15.Tom_ into the house when no one_ .A. slipped; was looking B. had slipped; lookedC. slipped; had looked D. was slipping; looked16. In come parts of the world, tea _with milk and sugar.A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served17How long _each other before they _married?For about a year.A. have they known; get B. did they know; were going to getC. do they know; are going to get D. had they known; got18. My dictionary_ . I have looked for it everywhere but still _it.A. has lost; dont find B. is missing; dont findC. has lost; havent found D. is missing; havent found19. Tom ought not _to me your secret, but he meant no harm.A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told20.We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _office soon.A. leaves B. would leave C. left D. had left21. Can I join your club, Dad?You can when you _ a bit older.A. get B. will get C. are getting D. will have got22.Im sorry to keep you waiting.Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes.A. have been B. had beenC. was D. will be23. I dont really work here; I _ until the new secretary arrives.A. just help out B. have just helped out C. am just helping out D. will just help out24. I need one more stamp before my collection_.A. has completed B. completesC. has been completed D. is completed25. As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep.A. read; was falling B. was reading; fellC. was reading; was falling D. read; fell26. You dont need to describe her. I her several times.A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet27.Oh, its you! I _ you.Ive just had my hair cut, and Im wearing new glasses.A. didnt recognize B. hadnt recognized C. havent recognized D. dont recognize28. I first met Lisa three years ago. She_ at a radio shop at the time.A. has worked B. was workingC. had been working D. had worked29.- Is this raincoat yours?-No, mine there behind the door.A. is hanging B. has hung C. hangs D. hung30. - Alice, why didnt you come yesterday?- I , but I had an unexpected visitor.A. had B. would C. was going to D. did31. Shirley_a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it.A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing32. -Hi, Tracy, you look tired.-I am tired. I _the living room all day.A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted33. Hey, look where you are going?-Oh, Im terribly sorry._ A. Im not noticing B.I wasnt noticing C. I havent noticing D.I dont noticing34. Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon _to his old ways.A. returned B. returns C. was returning D. had returned35. All the preparations for the task _,and were ready to start.A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been completed36. The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets _ .A. was booked B. had been booked C. were booked D. have been booked37. Every possible means _ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.A. is used B. are usedC. has been used D. have been used38. My uncle _ until he was forty-five.A. married B. didnt married C. was not marrying D. would marry39. Tony was very unhappy for _ to the party.A. having not been invited B. not having invitedC having not invited D. not having been invited40. - How are you today?- Oh , I _ as ill as I do now for a very long time.Adidnt fell Bwasnt feelingCdont fell Dhavent felt41. The reporter said that the UFO _east to west when be saw it.Awas travelling BtravelledChad been traveling Dwas to travel.42. The new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month.Ahas been designed Bhad been designed Cwas designed Dwould be designed43. Ive won a holiday for two to Florida. I _ my mum.Aam taking Bhave taken Ctake Dwill have taken44. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly.A. is changing B. has changedC. will have changed D. will change45. Visitors _ not to touch the exhibits.A. will request B. requestC. are requesting D. are requested46. He is the only one of the students who a winner of schola