英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)講解及練習(xí).doc

語(yǔ)法（一）：動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)【】英語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)共有16種 一般時(shí) 進(jìn)行時(shí) 完成時(shí) 完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) 過(guò)去完成時(shí) 過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 一般將來(lái)時(shí)將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí) 將來(lái)完成時(shí) 將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí) 過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí) 過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 【】十六種時(shí)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)形式 一般時(shí)態(tài) 進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) 完成時(shí)態(tài) 完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) 現(xiàn)在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 過(guò)去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 將來(lái) shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 過(guò)去將來(lái) should/would do should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing 常用的八種時(shí)態(tài)一、 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： 概念：經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, etc. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be動(dòng)詞；行為動(dòng)詞 否定形式：am/is/are+not;此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞，則在其前加dont,如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用 doesnt，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。 一般疑問句：把be動(dòng)詞放于句首；用助動(dòng)詞do提問,如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù),則用does,同時(shí),還原行為動(dòng)詞。 主要用來(lái)表示人、事物的現(xiàn)在狀況和特點(diǎn)；表示經(jīng)常或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，句子中常有often, usually, always, sometimes, every day, from time to time 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)； 表示客觀規(guī)律和永恒真理等。 He usually goes to work at 7 oclock every morning. She has a brother who lives in New York. The earth goes around the sun. Guangzhou is situated in the south of China. Japan lies to the east of China 考點(diǎn)一：表示永恒的真理，即使出現(xiàn)在過(guò)去的語(yǔ)境中，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如： I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. Magellan proved that the earth is not flat, but round.考點(diǎn)二：在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)；常用的引導(dǎo)詞有： 時(shí)間：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day; every time, whenever, immediately, instantly, directly條件：if, unless, provided, providingIf he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. 考點(diǎn)三：在make sure (certain), see to it that, mind, care, matter 賓語(yǔ)從句， 從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。 So long as he works hard, I dont mind when he finishes the experiment. 只要他努力工作， 我不介意他什么時(shí)候做完試驗(yàn)。 See to it that you are here on time tomorrow.We must see to it that party policies are scientific and effective.I dont care what others say.考點(diǎn)四：在the more the more (越越) 句型中, 若主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí), 從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 The harder you study, the better results you will get. The more you learn, the more you will know. The more you know, the more you will get.二、一般過(guò)去時(shí)： 概念：過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be動(dòng)詞；行為動(dòng)詞 否定形式：was/were+not;在行為動(dòng)詞前加didnt，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。 一般疑問句：was或were放于句首；用助動(dòng)詞do的過(guò)去式did 提問，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。 表在過(guò)去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生且完成的動(dòng)作，或過(guò)去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，不強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，只說(shuō)明過(guò)去。常跟明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間連用，如：yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; when, 注意： 考點(diǎn)一：used to + do，表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常但現(xiàn)在已不再維持的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作。to為不定式，后接動(dòng)詞原形。 be/become/get used to + doing，表示習(xí)慣于 He used to smoke a lot. He has got used to getting up early. 考點(diǎn)二：在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。 He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise 考點(diǎn)三：在下面幾個(gè)句型中常常使用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。Its (high,about) time thatI would rather .Would you mind if.Eg: Its (high,about) time that you took a rest.-Shall I open the window ? -would rather you didnt.Would you mind if I asked you a question?Would you mind if I sweep the floor?考點(diǎn)四：虛擬語(yǔ)氣中一般過(guò)去表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)。Eg: If I were you, Id take them away. UG如果我是你的話，我就會(huì)帶走他們. If I had time. I could come to help you. 0如果我有時(shí)間，我會(huì)來(lái)幫助你的。 I wish I knew the answer to that question.If only I were a bird!三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： 概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：now, at this time, these days, etc. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are+doing 否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing. 一般疑問句：把be動(dòng)詞放于句首。 表說(shuō)話時(shí)或目前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)：或表感情色彩，加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。We are having English class. The house is being built these days. 考點(diǎn)一：在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中表示將來(lái)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 Look out when you are crossing the street. Dont wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning. 考點(diǎn)二： 動(dòng)詞go, come leave, start, arrive 等進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在最近按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作（這時(shí)多有表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）。 Marry is leaving on Friday. He is arriving here next week.考點(diǎn)三：與頻率副詞，如always，constantly，continually，again等連用表示說(shuō)話人的某種感情色彩（贊嘆、厭煩、埋怨等）。The little boy is always making trouble. He is always helping others.That girl is constantly thinking of others.That boy is playing basketball again in the house above.考點(diǎn)四：be 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示暫時(shí)的表現(xiàn)或特點(diǎn)。U R impolite to me today.I dont agree with you, but I think U R being childish.四、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)： 概念：表示過(guò)去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)等。 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+doing 否定形式：was/were + not + doing. 一般疑問句：把was或were放于句首。 表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)或某段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work. He was taking a walk leisurely by the lake when he heard someone shouted for help. What were you doing at nine last night? The radio was being repaired when you called me. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)考點(diǎn)：與過(guò)去時(shí)比較，過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)有完成意思，而過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)則沒有。He wrote a book.He was writing a book.五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： 概念：過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過(guò)去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：recently, lately, sincefor,in the past few years, etc. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has + done 否定形式：have/has + not +done. 一般疑問句：have或has。 表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，完成在過(guò)去，但強(qiáng)調(diào)與現(xiàn)在情況仍有聯(lián)系，其結(jié)果或影響仍存在?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)有一些標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： 考點(diǎn)一：for + 時(shí)間段；since + 時(shí)間點(diǎn) They have lived in Beijing for five years. They have lived in Beijing since 1995. I have learned English for ten years. 考點(diǎn)二：常見的不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：lately; recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days, Has it stopped raining yet ? I have just finished my homework/report.So far I have read ten English love stories.考點(diǎn)三：在表示“最近幾世紀(jì)/ 年/ 月以來(lái)”時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 in the past few years/months/weeks/days；over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history 等 Great changes have taken place in Suzhou in the past twenty years.考點(diǎn)四：表示“第幾次做某事，”或在 “It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名詞 that” 后面跟現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。在序數(shù)詞或最高級(jí)后面的定語(yǔ)從句中常常使用。This is my first time that I have visited China. This is the most interesting film I have ever seen. That is the only book that he has written. 六、過(guò)去完成時(shí)： 概念：以過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為，或在過(guò)去某動(dòng)作之前完成的行為，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：before, by the end of last year(term, month),etc. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：had + done. 否定形式：had + not + done. 一般疑問句：had放于句首。 表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，即過(guò)去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，句中有明顯的參照動(dòng)作或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，這種時(shí)態(tài)從來(lái)不孤立使用 ( before, after, by, up till ) There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000. By the end of last term we had finished the book. By the end of last term I had learnt more than 2000 English words. They finished earlier than we had expected. 考點(diǎn)一：用于hardly/scarcely.when; no sooner .than 句型中，主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 注意否定詞在句子開頭要倒裝。I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me. I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow. No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang. （注意主謂倒裝） 考點(diǎn)二：表示“第幾次做某事”，主句用過(guò)去時(shí)，從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather. It was 3 years since we had parted。 考點(diǎn)三：動(dòng)詞hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan 用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望、打算和意圖。 I had hoped that I could do the job. I had intended to come to see you but I was too busy. = I intended to have come to see you but I was too busy.I had hoped to finish the work earlier.= I hoped to have finished the work earlier.七、一般將來(lái)時(shí)： 概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow, etc. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are/going to + do；will/shall + do. 否定形式：was/were + not; 在行為動(dòng)詞前加didnt，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。 一般疑問句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。 表在將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間會(huì)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，其表現(xiàn)形式多達(dá)5種。 Which city will host the 31rd Olympic Games in 2016?考點(diǎn)一：一般將來(lái)時(shí)總是用在一些帶有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句或條件狀語(yǔ)從句的主句中： We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes. If he arrives here after 7 oclock tomorrow morning, he will be punished by our headteacher.（主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句中一定要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)替代一般將來(lái)時(shí)。） 考點(diǎn)二：某些表示短暫性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞如arrive, come, go, leave, start等，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)形式表示將來(lái)。 I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 考點(diǎn)三：“祈使句 + and/or + 句子”，這種結(jié)構(gòu)中and后面的句子謂語(yǔ)用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。 Use your head and you will find a way. Study harder, and you will pass the examinations.考點(diǎn)四：“am (is, are) going to + 動(dòng)詞原形”，表示打算要做的事或可能要發(fā)生的事。 從目前的跡象看將要發(fā)生某事?！癮m (is, are) about to + 動(dòng)詞原形”表示按照預(yù)定計(jì)劃或打算準(zhǔn)備著手進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 “am (is, are) to + 動(dòng)詞原形”表示必須、必然或計(jì)劃將要做的事。 They are to be married in this May. Look at the black clouds in the sky. It is going to rain.All these things are to be answered for.We were about to leave when the phone rang.臨時(shí)性決定用will, Eg I am sorry to hear that tom is ill, and I will go to see him this afternoon.八、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)： 概念：立足于過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻，從過(guò)去看將來(lái)，常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：the next day(morning, year),the following month(week),etc. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were/going to + do；would/should + do. 否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do. 一般疑問句：was或were放于句首；would/should 位于句首九、將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí) 表將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，或按計(jì)劃一定會(huì)發(fā)生的事情。 Ill be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天這會(huì)我正在寫作業(yè)。 The President will be meeting the foreign delegation at the airport. 十、將來(lái)完成時(shí) 表在將來(lái)某時(shí)刻之前業(yè)已完成的事情，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)非常明顯。 考點(diǎn)一：常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)一般用by+將來(lái)的時(shí)間。如：by the end of this year, by 8 oclock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time, before或when等引導(dǎo)的副詞從句。 By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot. By the time you reach the station, the train will have left. By next Tuesday, I will have got ready for the exams. 考點(diǎn)二：在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，將來(lái)完成時(shí)則由現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示。 The children will do their homework the moment they have arrived back from school. 動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài) 一般用于強(qiáng)調(diào)受者， 做題時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不再有名詞或賓語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)一般不單獨(dú)考，而是和時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一起考，只是需要注意以下考點(diǎn)。 考點(diǎn)一：不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞和詞組 come true, consist of, take place, happen, become, rise, occur, belong, break out, appear, arrive, die, fall, last, exist, fail, succeed It took place before liberation. 考點(diǎn)二：下列動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)意義, 而且常與well, quite, easily, badly等副詞連用。 lock ( 鎖 ) ; wash ( 洗 ); sell ( 賣 ); read ( 讀 ); wear ( 穿 ); blame (責(zé)備)；ride (乘坐)； write ( 寫 )； Glass breaks easily. 玻璃容易破碎。 The car rides smoothly. 這車走起來(lái)很穩(wěn)。 The case locks easily. 這箱子很好鎖。 The book sells well. 這本書很暢銷。 考點(diǎn)三：一些常用經(jīng)典被動(dòng)句型： It is said, It is reported, It is widely believed， It is expected, It is estimated, 這些句子一般翻譯為“據(jù)說(shuō)”，“人們認(rèn)為”， 而 “以前人們認(rèn)為” 則應(yīng)該說(shuō)：It was believed, It was thought考點(diǎn)四：want, need require deserve +ving 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)意義 The flowers need watering.= The flowers need to be watered.The kind of work deserves doing.考點(diǎn)五：be seated, be located, be situated被動(dòng)表示主動(dòng)意義 Please be seated. Our school is located at the foot of Lingyan Hill全國(guó)各地高考時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)考試題集1.The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she _ .A. will arrive B. arrives C. is going to arrive D. is arriving2.When I was at college I _ three foreign languages, but I _ all except a few words of each.A. spoke; had forgotten B. spoke; have forgottenC. had spoken; had forgotten D. had spoken;have forgotten3.The police found that the house _ and a lot of things_ .A. has broken into; has been stolen B. had broken into; had been stolenC. has been broken into; stolen D. had been broken into; stolen4.Come on in, Peter. I want to show you something.Oh, how nice of you! I _ you _ to bring me a gift.A. never think; are going B. never thought; were goingC. didnt think; were going D. hadnt thought; were going5.The volleyball match will be put off if it_.A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is raining6.Mary_ a dress when she cut her finger.A. made B. is making C. was making D.makes7. Shes upstairs_ letters.A. writes B. is writing C. write D.writing8. Have you moved into the new house?Not yet. The rooms_ .A. are being painting B. are paintingC. are painted D. are being painted9.The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office.A. had written ; left B.were writing ;has left C.had written ;had left D.were writing ;had left10.Whe and where to build the new factory _yet.A.is not decided B. are not decidedC.has not decided D. .have not decided11. When Jack arrived he learned Mary _ for almost an hour.A. had gone B. had set off C. had left D. had been away12.-Do you know our town at all?-No, this is the first time I_ here.A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming13-We could have walked to the station; it was so near.-Yes. A taxi_at all necessary.A. wasnt B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be D. wont be14. If city noises _ from increasing, people_ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.A. are not kept; will have to B. are not kept; have toC. do not keep; will have to D. do not keep; have to15.Tom_ into the house when no one_ .A. slipped; was looking B. had slipped; lookedC. slipped; had looked D. was slipping; looked16. In come parts of the world, tea _with milk and sugar.A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served17How long _each other before they _married?For about a year.A. have they known; get B. did they know; were going to getC. do they know; are going to get D. had they known; got18. My dictionary_ . I have looked for it everywhere but still _it.A. has lost; dont find B. is missing; dont findC. has lost; havent found D. is missing; havent found19. Tom ought not _to me your secret, but he meant no harm.A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told20.We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _office soon.A. leaves B. would leave C. left D. had left21. Can I join your club, Dad?You can when you _ a bit older.A. get B. will get C. are getting D. will have got22.Im sorry to keep you waiting.Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes.A. have been B. had beenC. was D. will be23. I dont really work here; I _ until the new secretary arrives.A. just help out B. have just helped out C. am just helping out D. will just help out24. I need one more stamp before my collection_.A. has completed B. completesC. has been completed D. is completed25. As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep.A. read; was falling B. was reading; fellC. was reading; was falling D. read; fell26. You dont need to describe her. I her several times.A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet27.Oh, its you! I _ you.Ive just had my hair cut, and Im wearing new glasses.A. didnt recognize B. hadnt recognized C. havent recognized D. dont recognize28. I first met Lisa three years ago. She_ at a radio shop at the time.A. has worked B. was workingC. had been working D. had worked29.- Is this raincoat yours?-No, mine there behind the door.A. is hanging B. has hung C. hangs D. hung30. - Alice, why didnt you come yesterday?- I , but I had an unexpected visitor.A. had B. would C. was going to D. did31. Shirley_a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it.A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing32. -Hi, Tracy, you look tired.-I am tired. I _the living room all day.A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted33. Hey, look where you are going?-Oh, Im terribly sorry._ A. Im not noticing B.I wasnt noticing C. I havent noticing D.I dont noticing34. Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon _to his old ways.A. returned B. returns C. was returning D. had returned35. All the preparations for the task _,and were ready to start.A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been completed36. The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets _ .A. was booked B. had been booked C. were booked D. have been booked37. Every possible means _ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.A. is used B. are usedC. has been used D. have been used38. My uncle _ until he was forty-five.A. married B. didnt married C. was not marrying D. would marry39. Tony was very unhappy for _ to the party.A. having not been invited B. not having invitedC having not invited D. not having been invited40. - How are you today?- Oh , I _ as ill as I do now for a very long time.Adidnt fell Bwasnt feelingCdont fell Dhavent felt41. The reporter said that the UFO _east to west when be saw it.Awas travelling BtravelledChad been traveling Dwas to travel.42. The new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month.Ahas been designed Bhad been designed Cwas designed Dwould be designed43. Ive won a holiday for two to Florida. I _ my mum.Aam taking Bhave taken Ctake Dwill have taken44. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly.A. is changing B. has changedC. will have changed D. will change45. Visitors _ not to touch the exhibits.A. will request B. requestC. are requesting D. are requested46. He is the only one of the students who a winner of schola