世界銀行行長(zhǎng)金墉在美國(guó)東北大學(xué)2013屆畢業(yè)典禮上的演講.doc

Commencement Address for Northeastern Universitys Class of 2013在美國(guó)東北大學(xué)2013屆畢業(yè)典禮上的演講World Bank Group President Jim Yong Kim世界銀行行長(zhǎng)金墉Boston, Massachusetts, United States馬薩諸塞州的波士頓，美國(guó)May 3, 20132013年5月3日President Joseph E. Aoun,Distinguished faculty members and administrators,Members of the Class of 2013,Ladies and gentlemen約瑟夫E奧恩校長(zhǎng)，尊敬的各位教職員工，2013屆畢業(yè)班的全體同學(xué)們，女士們，先生們，Its a great privilege to be here today with all of you, especially the members of the Class of 2013 and your families and friends. You should be very proud. This is a day for memories, a day to savor. A day, also, to join in honoring those who two weeks ago responded so courageously in the face of tragedyincluding Northeastern students and staff who provided critical care and support to victims of the attack.今天在這里與在座的各位、特別是2013屆畢業(yè)生以及你們的家人和朋友歡聚一堂，是一個(gè)莫大的榮幸。你們應(yīng)該感到非常自豪，這是難以忘懷的一天，值得體味的一天，這一天我們也要對(duì)那些在兩周前勇敢面對(duì)悲劇的人們、包括東北大學(xué)的學(xué)生和員工致敬，他們?yōu)楸ㄊ芎φ咛峁┝酥匾年P(guān)愛(ài)和支持。Its an honor for me to stand before you today just at the moment when you are leaving this great University and about to step into your life, the script of which is yet to be written. Throughout my years in the academy, Ive loved commencements because they embody those rare moments in our modern culture when ritual, tradition and a bit of pageantry brighten our lives.此時(shí)此刻，我站在各位面前，正值你們即將離開(kāi)這所偉大的學(xué)府，即將踏入你們的人生，人生腳本還是一張白紙之際，我深感榮幸。在我投身學(xué)術(shù)界的歲月里，我曾很喜歡畢業(yè)典禮，因?yàn)樗碇覀儸F(xiàn)代文化中那些罕見(jiàn)的時(shí)刻，當(dāng)儀式、傳統(tǒng)和一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)排場(chǎng)照亮了我們的人生。But Im sure many of you are more than a little concerned about what the future will bring, and I just want to say to you today that not only is your future uncertain, but the overwhelming likelihood is that its far more uncertain than you think. And you know what, thats a good thing. A recent study by a group of psychologists in the journal Science found that people are extremely poor at predicting their futures. The study showed that, for example, a typical 20-year-old womans predictions for life changes in the next decade of her life were not nearly as radical as the typical 30-year-old womans recollection of how much she had changed in her 20s. In other words, 20-year-olds had little idea of just how much they would change over the next ten years. This sort of discrepancy persisted among respondents all the way into their 60s.但是我敢肯定，你們中許多人對(duì)于未來(lái)將會(huì)帶來(lái)什么很有點(diǎn)擔(dān)心，我今天只是想對(duì)你們說(shuō)，不僅僅是你們的未來(lái)不確定，而最大的可能性是，它遠(yuǎn)比你所想的更不確定。你們知道嗎，這是一件好事。幾位心理學(xué)家最近在科學(xué)雜志上發(fā)表了一篇研究論文，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)人極其不擅長(zhǎng)預(yù)測(cè)自己的未來(lái)。他們的研究顯示，例如，一個(gè)典型的20歲女性對(duì)自己未來(lái)十年人生變化的預(yù)測(cè)絕不像一個(gè)典型的30歲女性對(duì)自己在20來(lái)歲時(shí)有多大變化的回憶那么激進(jìn)。換句話說(shuō)，20歲的人對(duì)于自己在未來(lái)十年會(huì)有多大變化幾乎沒(méi)有概念。這種差異在受訪者中一直延續(xù)到60多歲的人。This studys findings are essentially the story of my life. In fact, even before I was born, given the obstacles my parents faced, I would never have predicted that I would, in fact, be born. My father spent his childhood in North Korea and, at the age of 17, escaped across the border into South Korea, leaving his parents, his brothers and sisters, his entire extended family - everything he had ever known behind. He had no money. Still, he managed to enroll in the Seoul National University Dental School and became a dentist. He told me stories about how he had so little money he often could only afford to buy lunch from the illegal noodle vendors on the street. Once when he was eating his contraband pasta next to the vendor, police came and chased after the vendors and their customers. But while he ran, my father kept eating his noodles because he knew he wouldnt be able to afford another bowl for some time.這項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果基本上也是我的人生故事。事實(shí)上，即使在我出生之前，鑒于我的父母所面臨的重重障礙，事實(shí)上我都不敢預(yù)測(cè)我還會(huì)出生。我的父親在北朝鮮度過(guò)了他的童年，他在17歲那年偷越邊境逃到韓國(guó)，離開(kāi)他的父母、他的兄弟姐妹、他的所有親朋好友，離開(kāi)了他所熟悉的一切。他身無(wú)分文。但他還是設(shè)法進(jìn)了首爾國(guó)立大學(xué)牙科學(xué)院，后來(lái)成為一名牙醫(yī)。他告訴我，他口袋里只有一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)錢，常常只能買得起街上非法小攤販賣的面條當(dāng)午餐。有一次，他正在無(wú)照小攤旁邊吃面，警察來(lái)了，警察趕走了小攤販和他們的顧客。但我的父親一邊跑一邊還在吃他的面，因?yàn)樗浪€得過(guò)一段時(shí)間才能再買得起一碗面。My mother was born in China near Shanghai among a small community of Korean expatriates. After returning to Korea, on a day she will never forget, her mother - my grandmother - went outside to hang the laundry and never returned, probably either kidnapped or killed by North Korean soldiers. With the war closing in around her, at the age of 15, my mother became a refugee and literally walked, with her younger brother on her back, for 200 miles to escape the fighting. Luckily, she was able to resume her schooling in a tent in the southern city of Masan. She was a good student and with great luck she received a scholarship from a secret womens society in the United States and was able to enroll as a freshman at Scarritt College in Nashville, Tennessee.我的母親出生在中國(guó)上海附近的一個(gè)韓國(guó)僑民居住的小社區(qū)。回到韓國(guó)后，有一天，她永遠(yuǎn)都不會(huì)忘記，她的母親也就是我的外祖母出去晾衣服就再也沒(méi)有回來(lái)，她可能是被北朝鮮士兵綁架或殺害了。隨著戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的臨近，我的母親在15歲時(shí)成了難民，為了躲避戰(zhàn)火，她背著她的小弟弟徒步走了200英里。幸運(yùn)的是，她在南部馬山市的一頂帳篷里得以繼續(xù)學(xué)業(yè)。她是一個(gè)好學(xué)生，非常幸運(yùn)地獲得了美國(guó)一個(gè)秘密婦女學(xué)會(huì)提供的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金，進(jìn)入田納西州納什維爾的斯卡里特學(xué)院。Through almost unthinkably divergent and unlikely paths, my parents ended up meeting in New York City at a Christmas party that gathered together the few hundred Korean students who were living in the United States at that time. They fell in love, married in New York, where my older brother was born, then returned to Korea.通過(guò)幾乎是無(wú)法想象的完全不同和不可能的路徑，我的父母最終在紐約市的一次圣誕聚會(huì)上邂逅相遇，那次圣誕聚會(huì)聚集了幾百名當(dāng)時(shí)居住在美國(guó)的韓國(guó)學(xué)生。他們墜入愛(ài)河，在紐約締結(jié)良緣，生下我哥哥，然后回到韓國(guó)。I was born in Seoul and when I was five, my family moved back to the United States and we eventually settled in Muscatine, Iowa. My father opened his dental practice, and my mother set to work on her PhD in philosophy at the University of Iowa. In the late 60s, influenced by my mothers passion for social justice, we watched the civil rights and anti-war movements unfold from our living room in Muscatine. We lived, as you can tell, the classic All-American, Korean family grows up in a small town in Iowa story. We fully embraced our lives in the heartland of this great country.我出生在首爾，在我五歲時(shí)我的家人搬回到美國(guó)，我們最終定居在愛(ài)荷華州的馬斯卡廷，我的父親開(kāi)了自己的牙科診所，我的母親在愛(ài)荷華大學(xué)研修博士學(xué)位。在上世紀(jì)60年代，受我母親熱衷于社會(huì)公正的影響，我們看到民權(quán)和反戰(zhàn)運(yùn)動(dòng)從馬斯卡廷我們家的客廳展開(kāi)。你們可以想象，我們有著在愛(ài)荷華州一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)的經(jīng)典的美籍韓國(guó)家庭中成長(zhǎng)的經(jīng)歷，我們完全擁抱了在這個(gè)偉大國(guó)家中心地帶的生活。As you might imagine, there werent a lot of Asians in Iowa in the 60s and 70s but happily, one of the most popular shows at that time was Kung Fu, the story of a former Shaolin priest, half-Chinese, half-American, who comes to the United States to find his American father. So while we were outsiders in Iowa in a profound sense, at least the bully kids left us alone, because they thought all Asians knew Kung Fu. I played quarterback on the high school football team - but dont be too impressed, we had the longest losing streak in the nation by the time I was done with my senior year. Years and years went by without a single victory. It was said that grandfathers of my teammates had contributed to the multi-generational streak.正如你們可以想象，在60年代和70年代愛(ài)荷華州的亞洲人并不多，但令人高興的是，當(dāng)時(shí)最受歡迎的一個(gè)節(jié)目是功夫，故事講的是一個(gè)少林和尚，一半中國(guó)血統(tǒng)，一半美國(guó)血統(tǒng)，到美國(guó)來(lái)尋找他的美國(guó)父親。所以，雖然我們從深層意義上講在愛(ài)荷華州屬于外人，但至少愛(ài)欺負(fù)人的孩子不招惹我們，因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為所有的亞洲人都會(huì)功夫。我在高中橄欖球隊(duì)打四分衛(wèi)，但別以為我們有多了不起，在我大四的時(shí)候我們是全國(guó)連敗最長(zhǎng)的隊(duì)。一年又一年，我們一次都沒(méi)贏過(guò)，有人說(shuō)，我同學(xué)的爺爺們?cè)缇蜑樽訉O后代的連敗打下了基礎(chǔ)。After high school, I eventually ended up at Brown University, and I remember one particular day vividly. My father picked me up at the airport after I flew back to Muscatine from Providence, and when we were driving home, he asked me, “So what are you thinking of studying?”高中畢業(yè)后，我最終考進(jìn)了布朗大學(xué)，有一天我尤其記憶猶新。我從普羅維登斯飛回馬斯卡廷，我的父親到機(jī)場(chǎng)接我，在我們開(kāi)車回家的路上，他問(wèn)我，“那么你想學(xué)什么呢？”I told him I was excited about philosophy and political science.我說(shuō)我對(duì)哲學(xué)和政治學(xué)很感興趣。I thought I could make a difference in the world and I was thinking of going into politics.我認(rèn)為我可以改變這個(gè)世界，我在考慮從政。My father put on the blinker, pulled off the road, and turned off the car.我父親打開(kāi)車子的閃光燈，把車開(kāi)到路邊停下。He turned to me in the back seat.他轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身來(lái)對(duì)坐在后座上的我說(shuō)：“Look,” he said, “once you finish your medical residency, you can do anything you want.”“瞧，你只要完成了醫(yī)生實(shí)習(xí)期，就可以做任何你想做的事情。”You see, my father knew all about uncertainty. He knew that its impossible to be sure about where you might end up in life. And he worried that his own success might have deprived his children of the opportunity to understand deeply the meaning of running away from the noodle police while, of course, finishing your noodles. He wanted me to have a skill and he wanted me to butt my head up against the joy but also the hard reality of finishing medical school, finishing residency and caring for patients in life-or-death situations.你們看，我的父親十分懂得不確定性。他很清楚，一個(gè)人不可能知道自己最終會(huì)做什么，而且他很擔(dān)心自己的成功有可能會(huì)使自己的子女沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)深入理解從警察身邊跑開(kāi)、當(dāng)然同時(shí)還要吃完剩下的面條意味著什么。他希望我掌握一門本領(lǐng)，他希望我能夠有效地抵抗讀完醫(yī)學(xué)院、完成實(shí)習(xí)期和在生與死的情景中照顧患者的喜悅與殘酷的現(xiàn)實(shí)。Im so grateful to my father.我很感謝我的父親。So far Ive told you that life is uncertain, but you already knew that. What I really want you to know is that you have abundant tools to face that uncertainty and to lead an extraordinary life, even beyond your wildest dreams.到目前為止，我告訴你們說(shuō)人生是不確定的，但你們已經(jīng)了解了這一點(diǎn)。我真正想讓你們了解的是，你們擁有大量的工具來(lái)直面這種不確定性，成就不平凡的人生，甚至超出你最瘋狂的夢(mèng)想。Roy Baumeister is a psychologist who has devoted his career to studying the qualities in human beings that lead them to achieve what he calls “positive outcomes.” In this fascinating field, researchers have found that two traits are most consistently associated with success: intelligence and willpower. In Baumeisters book entitled Willpower, we learn that efforts to permanently increase intelligence have failed, but people can in fact improve their willpower. Baumeister and his colleagues have shown that taking certain actions to improve willpower is the surest way to a more successful life. Moreover, theyve shown that willpower is like a muscle that can be built with practice, but also that if you dont actively exercise your willpower, your capacity to do so will atrophy just like your stomach muscles if you stop doing sit-ups. Theyve even learned that because willpower is associated with a certain part of your brain, maintaining glucose levels in your blood to feed that part of your brain is critical for sustaining your willpower!羅伊鮑邁斯特是一位心理學(xué)家，終生研究帶領(lǐng)人類成就他稱之為“積極的結(jié)果”的人類素質(zhì)。在這個(gè)令人著迷的領(lǐng)域，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，有兩個(gè)特質(zhì)始終與成功相伴：智力和意志力。從鮑邁斯特所著的意志力一書中，我們了解到，雖然永久地提高智力的努力歸于失敗，但人其實(shí)是可以提高自身的意志力的。鮑邁斯特和他的同事們已經(jīng)證明，采取某些行動(dòng)來(lái)提高意志力，是實(shí)現(xiàn)更成功的人生的最可靠的途徑。此外，他們也已證明，意志力就像肌肉，可以通過(guò)鍛煉來(lái)強(qiáng)化，而且如果你不積極鍛煉你的意志力，你的能力就會(huì)像你的腹部肌肉一樣，在停止做仰臥起坐之后會(huì)出現(xiàn)萎縮。他們甚至還了解到，由于意志力與大腦的某些部位有關(guān)，保持血液里的血糖水平來(lái)滋養(yǎng)大腦的這個(gè)部位對(duì)于維持意志力至關(guān)重要！Looked at from another angle, a group of researchers has shown that, more than talent, practice is what determines mastery over any given skill or ability. Malcolm Gladwell, in his book Outliers, popularized an important body of work that showed that the path to mastery required 10,000 hours of practice. Books with titles like “talent is overrated” have been published to make the point.從另一個(gè)角度看，一些研究人員已經(jīng)證明，與天賦相比，實(shí)踐才是決定能否掌握任何技能或能力的主要因素。馬爾科姆格拉德威爾在他的局外人一書中推廣的一項(xiàng)重要研究成果表明，達(dá)到精通之路需要10000個(gè)小時(shí)的練習(xí)，天賦被高估了等書的出版就是為了說(shuō)明這一點(diǎn)。Now I want you to know that theres really good news here, especially for Northeastern graduates. By graduating today, youve shown your families and the world that you have plenty of IQ points to accomplish anything you set out to achieve. Willpower, discipline and focus - the essential qualities for success that everyone needs - are in your hands to develop and build. As Baumeister shows in his book, you can indeed go to the willpower gym and come out mentally buff, ready to take on the world.現(xiàn)在，我希望你們了解，這實(shí)際上是個(gè)好消息，尤其是對(duì)東北大學(xué)的畢業(yè)生來(lái)說(shuō)。通過(guò)今天的畢業(yè)，你們已經(jīng)向家人和世界證明，你們有足夠的智商完成你們決定去做的任何事情。意志力、紀(jì)律和專注每個(gè)人都需要的成功的必備素質(zhì)就掌握在你們手中，靠你們?nèi)ラ_(kāi)發(fā)和建立。鮑邁斯特在他的書中揭示，你的確可以去意志力健身房，強(qiáng)健精神，準(zhǔn)備好挑戰(zhàn)世界。Now about the 10,000 hours it takes to achieve mastery. Well, because youve studied here at Northeastern, youve got a head start. My own estimate is that, through your cooperative education in which youve received both classroom knowledge and practical knowledge, you all deserve at least a couple of thousand hours of discount off the standard 10,000. Good for you and congratulations!現(xiàn)在來(lái)談?wù)勥_(dá)到精通所需要的10,000個(gè)小時(shí)。嗯，由于你們已完成在東北大學(xué)的學(xué)業(yè)，你們已經(jīng)有了一個(gè)良好的開(kāi)端。我個(gè)人的估計(jì)是，通過(guò)合作式教育，你們學(xué)到了課堂知識(shí)和實(shí)踐知識(shí)，你們可以至少?gòu)?0,000個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)小時(shí)中扣除2000個(gè)小時(shí)。干得好，祝賀你們！But in addition to thinking about uncertainty and willpower, theres one more thing I want you to try to will yourself to remember today. I want you to think about how you can use time effectively and for good in this complex world.但是，除了思考不確定性和意志力之外還有一件事，我希望你們能夠用自己的意志力記住今天，我希望你們想一想怎樣才能有效地利用時(shí)間，在這個(gè)復(fù)雜的世界里持之以恒。Back in Iowa, my mother used to read to me the writings of Martin Luther King, Jr. In Dr. Kings “Letter from a Birmingham Jail,” he writes about understanding the urgency of the present. He writes about an experience with a white moderate - an ally of the civil rights movement - who wrote to him saying that he, Dr. King, was in too great a hurry and that “the lessons of Christ take time to come to earth.” African Americans, the moderate argued, would eventually - eventually - be granted their full civil rights.早在愛(ài)荷華州時(shí)，我的母親曾經(jīng)讀馬丁路德金的著作給我聽(tīng)。金博士在“寄自伯明翰監(jiān)獄的信”中寫了他對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)緊迫性的理解。他寫道與一位白人溫和派人士、民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)盟友的交流，此人寫信給他，說(shuō)他金博士過(guò)于性急，“基督的教義傳播人世，總要花費(fèi)時(shí)日”。這位溫和派人士認(rèn)為，非裔美國(guó)人最終他是說(shuō)最終會(huì)獲得完全的民權(quán)。Dr. King responded, and I quote: Such an attitude stems from a tragic misconception of time and a strangely irrational notion that there is something in the flow of time that will inevitably cure all ills. Actually, time itself is neutral. It can be used destructively or constructively. More and more I feel that the people of ill will have used time much more effectively than the people of goodwill. We will have to repent in this generation not merely for the hateful words and actions of the bad people, but for the appalling silence of the good people. End quote.金博士回應(yīng)說(shuō)，我在此引用他的話：“這樣的態(tài)度乃源自對(duì)時(shí)間的可悲誤解，源自一種不合理的奇特觀念，認(rèn)為在時(shí)間之流當(dāng)中，會(huì)有什么東西必將療治所有的邪惡。實(shí)際上，時(shí)間是中立的東西；它可以用于建設(shè)，也可以用于破壞。我越發(fā)覺(jué)得，邪惡的人之利用時(shí)間，將會(huì)比善良的人更其有效。我們得在這一代進(jìn)行懺悔，不僅因壞人們充滿仇恨的言辭與行為，也因好人們駭人聽(tīng)聞的沉默?！币Z(yǔ)完。With all the willpower I can muster, I try to bring the sense of urgency in Dr. Kings words to my work today. I do this with an understanding that I still have no idea of what the future may bring. After all, I had no idea that I would not only get my medical degree but also a PhD in anthropology. I had no idea that I would help found an organization, Partners in Health, with my colleague Paul Farmer and eventually work in 10 countries around the world. I had no idea that my experience at Partners In Health would lead to my taking charge of the World Health Organizations HIV/AIDS efforts and starting a campaign to treat 3 million people by the year 2005. And with only minimal experience in academic administration, I became President of Dartmouth College. Finally, completely out of the blue, last year President Obama asked me to stand as a candidate to lead the World Bank Group.我集中全部的意志力，試圖將金博士所說(shuō)的緊迫感帶入我今天的工作。我這樣做是因?yàn)槲伊私馕胰圆恢牢磥?lái)可能會(huì)帶來(lái)什么。畢竟，我沒(méi)有想到我不僅獲得了醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)位，而且還獲得了人類學(xué)博士學(xué)位。我沒(méi)有想到，我會(huì)和我的同事保羅法莫一起幫助創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)“健康伙伴”，并最終在全世界10個(gè)國(guó)家開(kāi)展了工作。我沒(méi)有想到我在“健康伙伴”的工作經(jīng)歷會(huì)導(dǎo)致我主管世界衛(wèi)生組織的艾滋病工作，并開(kāi)展了一場(chǎng)到2005年治療3萬(wàn)名艾滋病患者的運(yùn)動(dòng)。我只有很少的學(xué)術(shù)管理經(jīng)驗(yàn)，卻擔(dān)任了達(dá)特茅斯學(xué)院的院長(zhǎng)。最后，就如晴天霹靂一般，去年奧巴馬總統(tǒng)邀請(qǐng)我作為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)世界銀行集團(tuán)的候選人之一。Always with some trepidation, I embraced these unexpected opportunities, and now I find myself in one of the most interesting jobs in the world. The World Bank Group is an extraordinary organization, founded in the 1940s to rebuild Europe after World War II. Over the 66 years of its existence, it has become the premier development institution in the world.雖然總是有些誠(chéng)惶誠(chéng)恐，但我接受了這些意外的機(jī)會(huì)，現(xiàn)在我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己做的是世界上最有意思的工作之一。世界銀行集團(tuán)是一個(gè)非同尋常的機(jī)構(gòu)，成立于1940年，初衷是在二戰(zhàn)之后重建歐洲。在其存在的66年里，它已成為世界上最大的發(fā)展機(jī)構(gòu)。Just two weeks ago, our governing body endorsed a target to end extreme poverty by 2030 - just 17 years from now. Our Governors, who are made up of the Ministers of Finance and Development of 188 member countries, also endorsed a goal to boost shared prosperity, so that the bottom 40% of income earners in our member states can share in economic growth. Our Governors also emphasized that prosperity must be shared with future generations, which means that we will be leaders in tackling climate change. Climate change has the potential to wipe out many of the development gains of the past decades and plunge people back into poverty.就在兩周前，我們的理事會(huì)批準(zhǔn)了一個(gè)目標(biāo)，即，到2030年，從現(xiàn)在起在短短17年時(shí)間里終結(jié)極度貧困。我們的理事會(huì)由188個(gè)成員國(guó)的財(cái)政和發(fā)展部長(zhǎng)組成，他們還通過(guò)一個(gè)目標(biāo)，就是促進(jìn)共享繁榮，使我們成員國(guó)里處于收入最底層的40人口可以分享經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的成果。我們的理事會(huì)還強(qiáng)調(diào)，必須讓子孫后代共享繁榮，這就意味著我們將在應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化方面發(fā)揮領(lǐng)導(dǎo)作用。氣候變化有可能使過(guò)去數(shù)十年的發(fā)展成果毀于一旦，使人民重新陷入貧困。By setting such bold targets for our organization and setting an expiration date for extreme poverty in the world, our Governors have given us the gift of focus and urgency. We will now use time to drive forward what we hope will be a signal achievement in human history.通過(guò)給我們的機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)定這種大膽的目標(biāo)，為消除世界上的極度貧困設(shè)定期限，我們的理事會(huì)賦予我們著眼點(diǎn)和緊迫感?，F(xiàn)在，我們要花時(shí)間來(lái)推進(jìn)我們期望成為人類歷史上的一項(xiàng)標(biāo)志性成就。In closing, my challenge to you is this: set bold goals, deliberately and