新概念英語一總結(jié)練習七被動語態(tài).doc

新概念英語一總結(jié)練習七 被動語態(tài)【復(fù)習】一、總述：英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)，即主動語態(tài)（The Active Voice)和被動語態(tài)（The Passive Voice).主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者。被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。They will build a new bridge over the river. (主動) A new bridge will be built over the river. (被動) 漢語中常用“被”、“給”、“由”、“受”等詞用來表示被動，而英語用：助動詞be + 及物動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。二、被動語態(tài)的形式1) 常用時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成： 被動語態(tài)的基本形式為助動詞be + 及物動詞的過去分詞，即be done。被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化主要體現(xiàn)在be的變化上，其形式與系動詞be的變化形式完全一樣。以give 為例，列表如下： 一般現(xiàn)在時：am / is / are + given 一般過去時：was / were +given 一般將來時：shall / will +be+ given 過去進行時：was / were + being + given現(xiàn)在進行時：am / is / are + being + given 過去完成時：had + been + given現(xiàn)在完成時：have / has + been + given 將來完成時：shall / will + have been + given 過去將來時： should / would +be+ given 現(xiàn)在完成進行時：have/has been being done 含情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：情態(tài)動詞be done注被動語態(tài)沒有將來進行時和過去將來進行時。2）被動語態(tài)的否定式:在第一個助動詞后加not構(gòu)成。Russianisnottaughtinourschool.我們學校不教俄語。3）被動語態(tài)的疑問式：把第一個助動詞提到主語之前,句尾加問號構(gòu)成。Weremanytreesplantedonthehillyesterday昨天山上種了許多樹嗎？ Howmuchmoneywasstoleninall一共被偷了多少錢？三、被動語態(tài)使用范圍誰做的動作不知道，說出誰做的沒必要。動作承受者需強調(diào)，用被動語態(tài)莫忘了。1. Some stamps were stolen last week.2. The PRC was founded on October 1, 1949.3. Football is played in most middle schools.四、主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換1主語+謂語+賓語練習：將下列各句改為被動語態(tài)。He plants trees in spring.Tom will clean the room tomorrow.They make shoes in that factory.They bought ten computers last term Amy can take good care of Gina We are painting the rooms. The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible. They will send cars abroad by sea. Someone has told me the sports meeting might be put off. When I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets. 主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)口訣：賓語提前主語變，原主變賓by后見，時態(tài)人稱be關(guān)鍵。注意：把主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，其謂語動詞的時態(tài)要與原句時態(tài)保持一致，其謂語動詞的數(shù)要與新主語保持一致。 We have bought a new computer. A new computer _ been bought. 2. 主語+謂語+間接賓語（sb.）+直接賓語（sth.） My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. I was given a present on my birthday. A present was given to me yesterday. 注意：一般在下列動詞后，常在間接賓語前用介詞 to，如： bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。 一般在下列動詞后，間接賓語前用介詞 for, 如：build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等。練習1：將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)。The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. 練習2：在橫線上填for 或者to.1） Mother made me a new skirt. (A new skirt was made _ me. )2) The meat was cooked _us. 3) My bike was lent _ her.4) Some country music was played _ us. 5) The cup with mixture was showed _ the class. 注意：有些既不用to 也不用for, 根據(jù)動詞與介詞的搭配關(guān)系。 He asked me a question. (A question was asked of me. ) People all over the world know the Great Wall. The Great Wall is known to people all over the world. (不用by短語) 3. 主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語帶復(fù)合賓語(賓語+ 賓補)的動詞改為被動語態(tài)時，一般把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語改為主語，而賓語補足語保留在謂語動詞后面。如： We always keep the classroom clean. The classroom is always kept clean. She told us to follow her instructions. We were told to follow her instructions. 注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等動詞后作賓語補足語的動詞不定式都不帶 to，但改成被動語態(tài)后都帶to，這時不定式為主語補足語，也就是說不定式作主語補足語不存在省略to 的問題。 We often hear him play the guitar. He is often heard to play the guitar. 注意：帶有復(fù)合賓語的句子，如果賓語補足語是名詞，變被動句時，應(yīng)將賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，不要誤把賓語補足語的名詞作主語。如： Tomatoes were first taken back to Europe and people called them love apples. 誤：Love apples were called them. 正：They were called love apples.五、下列情況主動句不能改為被動句： 第一，感官系動詞一般用主動形式表示被動意義，如：feel，look, seem, taste, sound, remain等。 Do you like the material? Yes, it feels very soft. 誤：It is felt very soft. The food tastes delicious. 誤：The food is tasted delicious. The pop music sounds beautiful. 誤：The pop music is sounded beautiful. 第二，謂語是及物動詞leave, enter, reach, suit, have, benefit, lack, own等。如： He entered the room and got his book. 誤：The room was entered and his book was got. She had her hand burned. 誤：Her hand was had burned. 第三，不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)，如：rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等。 When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen. 誤：The sun had already been risen. After the earthquake, few houses remained. 誤：After the earthquake, few houses were remained. 第四，一些不及物動詞短語沒有被動語態(tài)，如：take place, break out, belong to, lose heart, consist of, add up to等。如： The fire broke out in the capital building. 誤：The fire was broke out in the capital building.第五，賓語是反身代詞，相互代詞，同源賓語，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名詞等，不能變?yōu)楸粍泳渥拥闹髡Z，如： I taught myself English. 誤：Myself was taught English. We love each other. 誤：Each other is loved.第六、有些動詞既是及物又是不及物，當它們和well, badly, easily等副詞連用時，表示主語內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能，是不及物動詞，用主動表示被動，這時不用被動語態(tài)，常見的有：write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook 等。如： The cloth washes easily. 這布很好洗。 The new product sells well. 這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷。 The pen writes smoothly. 這支筆寫字很流暢。 對比： The books sell well. (主動句) The books were sold out. (被動句) The meat didnt cook well. (主動句) The meat was cooked for a long time over low heat. (被動句)六、特殊句式在漢語中，有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語，在英語中一般可用被動結(jié)構(gòu)來表示，例如： 據(jù)說It is said that 據(jù)報導It is reported that 據(jù)推測It is supposed that 希望It is hoped that 眾所周知It is well known that 普遍認為It is generally considered that 有人建議It is suggested that 【練習】( )1 The Peoples Republic of China _ on October 1, 1949.A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found ( ) 2 English _ in Canada. A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken ( )3 This English song_ by the girls after class.A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung( )4 This kind of car _ in Japan. A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made( )5 New computers _ all over the world. A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used( )6 Our room must _ clean. A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep ( )7 -Id like to buy that coat.-Im sorry. _. A. it sold B. its selling C. Its been sold D. it had been sold ( )8A new house _ at the corner of the road.A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building( )9 The key _ on the table when I leave.A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left( )10 Doctors _ in every part of the world.A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need( )11 His new book_ next month.A. will be published B. is publishing C. is being published D. has been published( )12 Japanese _ in every country.A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking( ) 13 These papers _ yet.A. have not written B. have not been written C. has not writtenD. has not been written( )14 The sports meet _ be held until next week. A. didnt B. wont C. isnt D. doesnt( )15 -My shoes are worn out.A. Cant they be mended? B. Let me have a look at it.C. How much do they cost? D. Cant they mended? ( ) 16 _ the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it. A. Does B. Has C. Is D. Are ( ) 17_ these desks be needed?A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do( ) 18 Why _ to talk about it yesterday?A. didnt a meeting hold B. wasnt a meeting held C. wasnt held a meeting D. a meeting wasnt held( ) 19 Who was the book_? A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by( ) 20 Where _ these boxesA. was B. were C. is D. am( )21 The flowers _often.A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water( ) 22 The books may_ for two weeks. A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow( ) 23 The broken bike_ here by Mr. Smith.A. can mend B. can mended C. can be mend D. can be mended( ) 24 The old bridge in my hometown_ next mont