講義被動(dòng)語態(tài)2次修改篇.doc

中國教育培訓(xùn)誠信品牌負(fù)責(zé)人審核簽字： 學(xué)員姓名： 年 級： 課時(shí)數(shù)：3課時(shí) 輔導(dǎo)科目： 學(xué)科教師：曹娟 校區(qū)名稱： 授課日期及時(shí)段課 型 預(yù)習(xí)課 同步課 復(fù)習(xí)課 專題課Teachig aims被動(dòng)語態(tài)Teaching importance &Teaching difficulties被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)和用法、主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)的轉(zhuǎn)化及主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)的意義教學(xué)內(nèi)容 Step one :Review the last lessonStep two :Begin the new lesson被動(dòng)語態(tài) 1、 引入1，笑話引入先給學(xué)生講一個(gè)故事:有位科學(xué)家到南極考察，碰到一群企鵝，于是他問其中一個(gè):你每天都干什么呀？那企鵝說：吃飯、睡覺、打豆豆。他又問另外一只企鵝：你每天都干什么呀？那企鵝也說：吃飯、睡覺、打豆豆。他問了很多企鵝，大家都說：吃飯、睡覺、打豆豆。后來他遇到了一只小企鵝，很可愛的樣子，就問道：小朋友，你每天都干什么呀？小企鵝說：吃飯、睡覺?？茖W(xué)家一愣，隨即問道：你怎么不打豆豆??？小企鵝說：因?yàn)槲揖褪嵌苟?。個(gè)人中心帳號(hào)設(shè)置退出 今天我們要講一個(gè)新的時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)，而豆豆就是我們本節(jié)課的主角。正如漢語中的被字句，英語中的“被字句”我們稱之為被動(dòng)語態(tài)。英語中有兩種語態(tài)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)（動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者）和被動(dòng)語態(tài)（動(dòng)作的承受者）。英語的語態(tài)是通過動(dòng)詞形式的變化表現(xiàn)出來的。2.主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的步驟 （1），找賓語動(dòng)作的承受者（2），判斷賓語單復(fù)數(shù)be動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)（3），謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)-be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)（4），修飾謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)原句的動(dòng)詞改為過去分詞（5），修改原句的主語by+主語/賓語(可以省略)主動(dòng)語態(tài)：Someone always beats Doudou.(動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者是someone 動(dòng)作的承受者是 Doudou)被動(dòng)語態(tài)：1, 豆豆總是被打 。 Doudou is always beaten by someone.2,昨晚夜黑風(fēng)高，豆豆又被打了。Doudou was beaten again yesterday evening.3,(明天豆豆還會(huì)面臨N頓暴打)，可憐的豆豆??！ Doudou will be beaten again tomorrow.4,可憐的(豆豆已經(jīng)被打很多年)，命運(yùn)一直沒被改變。 Doudou has been beaten for many years5,我們親愛的豆豆現(xiàn)在干嘛?不用問，一定(正在被打)。 Doudou is being beaten now.6,為什么我這么確定他現(xiàn)在正在被打？因?yàn)槁犝f(昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候他正在被打)。 Doudou was being beaten at this time yesterday.7,(隨時(shí)可能被打)的豆豆啊，誰來救救他?。?Doudou may be beaten anytime.再次總結(jié)主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)的結(jié)構(gòu)，并總結(jié)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成。二、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成 被動(dòng)語態(tài)由“be及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)一般以“be動(dòng)詞+done”為主，指主語是動(dòng)作的承受者 時(shí)態(tài) 主動(dòng)語態(tài) 被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) am/is/are（do） am/is/are+done一般過去時(shí) was/were（did） was/were+done 一般將來時(shí) will do will be+done 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) am/is/are+doing am/is/are+being+done 過去進(jìn)行時(shí) was/were+doing was/were+being+done 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) has/have+done has/have+been+done 過去完成時(shí) had+done had+been+done 過去將來時(shí) would do/was/were going to do would be done/was/were going to be done 含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 can/may/must+do can/may/must+be+done ps（例句中未呈現(xiàn)的過去進(jìn)行時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)我們可以根據(jù)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)對比總結(jié)出來）3、 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法 (1)不知道或沒有必要說明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰。 如：some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。(不知道電腦是誰偷的) This book was published in 1981.這本書出版于1981年。（沒有必要或說出出版者） (2)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。 如：The window was broken by mike.窗戶是邁克打破的。 This book was written by Lunxun.這本書是他寫的。 四、主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)需要注意的幾個(gè)問題.（1）時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。 I have repaired my computer.-My computer has been repaired.（2）謂語為動(dòng)詞短語的被動(dòng)語態(tài)不能丟掉動(dòng)詞短語的介詞或副詞。 His best friend often looks after him. He is often looked after by his best friend.（3） 主動(dòng)語態(tài)中若有雙賓語,將其中一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語,另一個(gè)賓語不變。動(dòng)詞make/buy/get用for;動(dòng)詞give/send/lend/take用to) Lily gave me a book.(雙賓語，人間物直， me為間接賓語，a book 為直接賓語) - I was given a book by Lily -A book was given to me by Lily.（直接賓語提前時(shí)，要在間接賓語前加介詞）（4）主動(dòng)語態(tài)若有復(fù)合賓語，（即句子結(jié)構(gòu)為主及物動(dòng)詞賓賓補(bǔ)），將主動(dòng)句的 賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語，賓補(bǔ)不變。 They call him Amy.-He is called Amy.（5）當(dāng)“動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，將賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，其余不動(dòng)。例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改為The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.（6） 主動(dòng)語態(tài)句中動(dòng)詞make, have, let(使sb做sth), notice. see. watch, look at, hear, listen to, feel等變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，后面的不定式需要加上to. Mr. Lee made him wash the dishes. -He was made to wash the dishes.（7）有些相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞詞組，如“動(dòng)詞介詞”，“動(dòng)詞副詞”等，也可以用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們看作一個(gè)整體，不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.（8）非謂語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài) v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被動(dòng)語態(tài)(一般時(shí)態(tài)和完成時(shí)態(tài)) 。例I dont like being laughed at in the public.（9）It is said that+從句及其他類似句型一些表示“據(jù)說”或“相信”的動(dòng)詞如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“Itbe過去分詞that從句”或“主語be過去分詞to do sth.”。有：It is said that 據(jù)說,It is reported that據(jù)報(bào)道，It is believed that大家相信，It is hoped that大家希望，It is well known that眾所周知，It is thought that大家認(rèn)為，It is suggested that據(jù)建議。例：It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）五、謂語動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義1、（1）.英語中有很多動(dòng)詞如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動(dòng)詞來描述主語特征時(shí)，常用其主動(dòng)形式 表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義,主語通常是物。例 This kind of cloth washes well.注意：主動(dòng)語態(tài)表被動(dòng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語的特征，而被動(dòng)語態(tài)則強(qiáng)調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。試比較：The door wont lock （指門本身有毛?。㏕he door wont be locked （指不會(huì)有人來鎖門, 指“門沒有鎖”是人的原因）（2） 表示“發(fā)生、進(jìn)行”的不及物動(dòng)詞和短語，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。例 How do the newspapers come out? 這些報(bào)紙是如何引出來的呢？（3） 系動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的連系動(dòng)詞feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。 例Your reason sounds reasonable 2、在某些句型中可用動(dòng)名詞和不定式的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義 。（1） 在need，want，require, bear等詞的后面，動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，其含義相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。例The house needs repairing（to be repaired）這房子需要修理。 （2） 形容詞worth后面跟動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義，但不能跟動(dòng)詞不定式；而worthy后面跟動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。例The picture-book is well worth reading（The picture-book is very worthy to be read）（3） 動(dòng)詞不定式在名詞后面作定語，不定式和名詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，又和句中另一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系, 不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon (to do與things是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，與I是主謂關(guān)系。)試比較：Ill go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此處用不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)作定語表明you不是post動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。)（4） 在某些“形容詞不定式”做表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語的結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子的主語或賓語又是動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯賓語時(shí)，這時(shí)常用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。這些形容詞有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。例This problem is difficult to work out .（可看作to work out省略了for me）.（5） 在too to結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式前面可加邏輯主語，所以應(yīng)用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。例This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.（6） 在there be句型中，當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式修飾名詞作定語時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)式作定語，重點(diǎn)在人，用被動(dòng)形式作定語，重點(diǎn)在物。例There is no time to lose（to be lost）（用 to lose可看成for us to lose；用to be lost，誰 lost time不明確。）（7） 在be to do結(jié)構(gòu)中的一些不定式通常應(yīng)用主動(dòng)表主動(dòng), 被動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。然而,由于古英語的影響,下列動(dòng)詞rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。例 Who is to blame for starting the fire?六、介詞in, on, under等+名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語表被動(dòng)意義表示方位的介詞與含動(dòng)作意義的名詞合用，含被動(dòng)之義，其意義相當(dāng)于該名詞相應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式，名詞前一般不用冠詞。（1） “under +名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“某事在進(jìn)行中”。常見的有：under control（受控制）, under treatment（在治療中）, under repair（在修理中）, under discussion（在討論中）, under construction（在施工中）。 例The building is under construction( is being constructed).（2）“beyond+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，“出乎勝過、范圍、限度”。常見的有：beyond belief (令人難以置信)， beyond ones reach（鞭長莫及），beyond ones control（無法控制），beyond our hope 我們的成功始料不及。例The rumour is beyond belief（=cant be believed）（3）“above+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu), 表示“(品質(zhì)、行為、能力等) 超過、高于”。 例His honest character is above all praise=His honest character cannot be praised enough（4）“for+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示 “適于、 為著”。如：for sale(出售), for rent（出租）等。 例That house is for sale. (= That house is to be sold).（5）“in+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu) ，表示“在過程中或范圍內(nèi)”常見的有：in print（在印刷中），in sight(在視野范圍內(nèi))，等。 例The book is not yet in print(=is not yet printed)（6）“on+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu), 表示“在從事 中”。常見的有：on sale(出售)，on show（展出）, on trial（受審）。 例Today some treasures are on show in the museum (= are being showed).（7）“out of+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu) ； 表示 “超出 之外“，常見的有：out of control (控制不了)，out of sight （超出視線之外），out of ones reach(夠不著), out of fashion(不流行)等。 例 The plane was out of control (cant be controlled) 。（8）“within+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，“在內(nèi)、不超過”。例He took two days off within the teachers permission 被動(dòng)語態(tài)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)（ ） 1. If city noises _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even at dinnerA are not kept；will have toB are not kept；haveC do not keep；will have toD do not keep；have to（ ） 2. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are _and perfected now.A. developed B. have developedC. being developedD. will have been developed（ ） 3. - _ the sports meet might be put off - Yes，it all depends on the weatherA Ive been told B Ive toldC Im told D I told（ ） 4. I need one more stamp before my collection _.A. has completed B. completesC. has been completed D. is completed（ ） 5. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.A. cut B. are cutC. are being cut D. had been cut（ ） 6. The new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month.A. has been designedB. had been designedC. was designed D. would be designed（ ） 7. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _.A. breaks B. has brokenC. was broken D. had been broken（ ） 8. Great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _.A. have been taken place; have been set upB. have taken place; have been set upC. have taken place; have set upD. were taken place; were set up（ ） 9. That suit _ over 60 dollars.A. had costed B. costed C. is costed D. cost（ ） 10. - Look! Everything here is under construction.- Whats the pretty small house that _ for?A. is being built B. has been builtC. is built D. is building（ ） 11.- Do you like the material?- Yes, it _ very soft.A. is feeling B. feltC. feels D. is felt（ ） 12. It is difficult for a foreigner _ ChineseA write B to writeC to be written D written（ ） 13. I have no more letters _ ，thank youA to type