復旦大學2008年博士入學英語真題及答案.doc

復旦大學2008年博士入學英語試題Part IVocabulary and Structure (15%)Directions: Three are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.1. Although it is only a small business, its _ is surprisingly high.A. turn-up B. turn-over C. turn-about D. turn-out2. Unfortunately not all of us obtain our just _ in this life.A. demands B. gains C. deserts D. wins3. That contract about which we had a disagreement last month, has now gone _.A. through B. down C. over D. around4. The _ of two houses proved such a financial burden that they were forced to sell one.A. upsurge B. upshot C. upturn D. upkeep5. _ through the attic and see if you can find anything for the jumble sale.A. Leash B. Rummage C. Flutter D. Scrape6. How about a glass of orange juice to_ your thirst.A. quash B. Quell C. Quench D. quieten7. Because the children keep interrupting her whenever she reads a book, she is always _ her place.A. missing B. slipping C. bothering D. losing8. She was putting on her watch when the _ broke and it fell to the ground.A. belt B. string C. tie D. strap9. I washed this dress and the color_.A. flowed B. escaped C. ran D. removed10. The recent economic crisis has brought about a _ in world trade.A. sag B. tilt C. droop D. slump11. Although we decorated the room only six months ago, the paint on the ceiling is already _ because of the damp.A. crumbling B. flaking C. disintegrating D. splintering12. The false banknotes fooled many people, but they did not _ to close examination.A. put up B. keep up C. stand up D. look up13. They were making enough noise at the party to wake the _.A. dead B. living C. lunatic D. crippled14. If you would like to send a donation, you can _a cheque to the organization Feed the Children.A. make up B. make for C. make out D. make off15. The students visited the museum and spent several hours with the_, who was very helpful.A. curator B. bursar C. commissioner D. steward16. The accused man was able to prove his innocence at the trial and was _.A. absolved B. acquitted C. pardoned D. executed17. Mary was extremely lucky: when her great-uncle died, she _ a fortune.A. came by B. came over C. came into D. came through18. The drunken couple did nothing to keep the flat clean and tidy and lived in the utmost _.A. decay B. contamination C. squalor D. confinement19. Share prices on the Stock Exchange plunged sharply in the morning but _ slightly in the afternoon.A. recovered B. recuperated C. retrieved D. regained20. He tries to _ himself with everyone by paying them compliments.A. please B. ingratiate C. placate D. remunerate21. I was afraid to open the door lest the beggar _ me.A. followed B. were to follow C. follow D. would follow22. By the end of the day the flood water which had covered most of the town had _.A. reversed B. retired C. returned D. receded23. Educational policies made _ the hoof by successive secretaries of state are the main reason for low teacher morale.A. in B. on C. by D. along24. It was obvious that he had been drinking far too much from the way he came_ down the street.A. toddling B. hobbling C. loping D. staggering25. He was a generous friend but as a businessman he _ a hard bargain.A. dealt B. contracted C. drove D. faked26. My friends son, who is a soldier, was delighted when he was _ only a few miles from home.A. placed B. stationed C. deported D. exorcized27. In a coal-mining area, the land tends to _causing damage to roads and buildings.A. subside B. diminish C. confiscate D. cede28. As the cat lay asleep, dreaming, whiskers _.A. twitched B. twisted C. jerked D. jogged29. The total _ from last months charity dance were far more than expected.A. earnings B. acquisitions C. proceeds D. subsidies 30. The new manager had many difficulties to overcome but he _them all in his stride.A. overlooked B. obtained C. tackled D. tookPart IIReading Comprehension (40%)Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the center.Passage oneResale Price Maintenance is the name used when a retailer is compelled to sell at a price fixed by the manufacturer instead of choosing for himself how much to add on to the wholesale price he pays for his supplies. This practice is associated with the sale of “branded” goods, which now form a very considerable proportion of consumers purchases, and it has led to a great deal of controversy.Generally such articles are packed and advertised by the manufacturers, who try to create a special image in the minds of possible purchasersan image made up of the look of the article, its use, its price, and everything else which might lead purchasers to ask for that brand rather than any other. If a retailer is allowed to charge any price he likes he may find it worthwhile to sell one brand at cut prices even though this involves a loss, because he hopes to attract customers to the shop, where they may be persuaded to buy many other types of goods at higher prices. The manufacturer of the brand that has been cut fears that the retailer may be tempted to reduce the services on this article; but, even if he does not there is a danger that the customer becomes unsettled, and is unwilling to pay the standard price of the article because he feels that he is being done. This may, and indeed often does, affect the reputation of the manufacturer and lose him his market in the long run.It is sometimes said also that the housewifewho is the principal buyer of most of these goodsprefers a fixed price because she knows where she is and is saved the bother of goingfrom shop to shop in search of lower prices. If one shop cut all the prices of its branded goods she would undoubtedly have an advantage in shopping there. But this does not happen. A store usually lowers the price of one or two of its articles which act as a decoy and makes up its losses on others, and changes the cut-price articles from week to week so as to attract different groups of customers. And so the housewife may feel rather guilty if she does not spend time tracking down the cheaper goods. How far this is true is a matter of temperament and it is impossible to estimate what proportion of purchasers prefer a price that they can rely on wherever they choose to buy and what proportion enjoy the challenge involved in finding the store that offers them a bargain.Those who oppose Resale Price Maintenance on the other hand, point out that there are now a great many different channels of distributionchain stores, department stores, co-operative stores, independent or unit shops, supermarkets, mail-order houses, and so on. It would be absurd to assume that all of them have exactly the same costs to meet in stocking and selling their goods, so why should they all sell at the same price? If they were allowed to choose for themselves, the more efficient retailers would sell at lower prices and consumers would benefit. As it is, the retail price must be sufficient to cover the costs of the less efficient avenues of distribution and this means the others make a bigger profit than necessary at the expense of the public. The supporters of the fixed price argue that this is only half the story. The efficient trader can still compete without lowering his prices. He can offer better servicelong credit, or quick delivery or a pleasant shop decor or helpful assistantsand can do this without imperiling the long-term interests of the manufacturer.31. Manufactures oppose retailers cutting prices on their goods mainly because they think _.A. retailers may eventually stop selling their productsB. it may reduce customers confidence in their productsC. customers may feel uneasy when prices varyD. it may sometimes lead to poor service32 Supporters of the fixed price hold that an efficient trader can still make money without lowering prices by _.A. allowing customers time to payB. hiring assistants for long hours and low wages C. advertising much more effectivelyD. establishing long-term relations with manufactures33. By saying “He feels that he is being done”, the author means that customer thinks_.A. someone is despising himB. someone is maltreating himC. someone is blackmailing himD. someone is cheating him34. “Which of the following statements is FALSE according to the passage?A. Good service other than price is important in attracting customers.B. An article without a brand name is not subject to Resale Price Maintenance.C. Manufactures attempt to influence possible purchasers by making their products easy to identify.D. Housewives prefer fixed prices because fixed prices are much less likely to fluctuate35. The sentence “She knows where she is” in the third paragraph can be paraphrased as “_”.A. She knows her placeB. She knows her stuffC. She feels secureD. She feels intoxicatedPassage two He built a hut on a piece of rough land near a rock fall. In the wet season there was a plentiful stream, and over the years he encouraged the dry forest to surround him with a thick screen. The greener it became the easier it was to forget the outside. In time Melio (not without some terrible mistakes) learnt how to live in spite of the difficulties up on that mountain shelf. His only neighbors were a family group of Parakana Indians who, for reasons known only to themselves, took a liking to Melio. Their Chief never looked closely at Melio and said to himself that this white man was as mad as a snake which chews off its own tail. The parakanas taught Melio to catch fish with the help of a wild plant which made them senseless in the stream. It gave off a powerful drug when shaken violently through the water. They showed him how to bunt by laying traps and digging. In time Melios piece of land became a regular farm. He had wild birds, fat long-legged ones and thin nearly featherless chickens, and his corn and salted fish was enough to keep him stocked up through the wet season.The Parakanas were always around him. Hed never admit it but he could feel that the trees were like the bars of a prison; they were watching him. It was as if he was there by courtesy of the Chief. When they came to him, the Indians never entered his house, with its steeply sloping roof of dried grass and leaves. They had a delicate way of behaving. They showed themselves by standing in the shade of the trees at the clearings edge. He was expected to cross the chicken strip towards them. Then they had a curious but charming habit of taking a pace back from him, just one odd step backwards into their green corridors. Melio never could persuade them to come any closer.The group guessed at Melios hatred for his civilized brothers in the towns far away. They knew Melio would never invite any more white men up here. This pleased the Parakanas. It meant that traders looking for robber and jewels would never reach them. Their Melio would see to that. They were safe with this man and his hatred.36. It is known from the passage that Melio wanted the forest around him to become thick because the dense leaves _.A. reminded him of his house in the town far awayB. prevented the Parakanas from watching himC. helped him to forget the world he hatedD. protected him from being intruded by the white men in the town37. The Chiefs comparison of Melio to a snake is intended to show that _.A. he did not trust MelioB. it was unwise to go too close to MelioC. he believed Melio hated the ParakanasD. he thought Melio was out of his mind38. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Melio stayed on his farm for a number of years.B. Melio felt like a prisoner because he couldnt escape being watched.C. Melio kept himself alive, during the rainy season by eating what he had in store.D. The Parakanas thought Melio lived there because he was looking for rubber and jewels.39. To Melio, the Parakana Indians seemed _.A. odd but hatefulB. strange but attractiveC. unhealthy but friendlyD. cowardly but sociable40. It can be concluded from the passage that the place described by the author was _.A. far removed from civilizationB. impossible to cultivateC. the home of Melios Indian relativesD. wet all the year roundPassage threeWhen he was so far out that he could look back not only on the little bay but past the stretch of rock that was between it and the seashore, he floated on the warm surface and looked for his mother. There she was, a little yellow dot under an umbrella that looked like a piece of orange-skin. He swam back to shore, relieved at being sure she was there, but all at once very lonely.On the other side of the bay was a loose scattering of rocks. Above them, some boys were stripping off their clothes. They came running, their bodies bare, down to the rocks. Jerry swam towards them, and kept his distance a little way off. They were off that coast, all of them burned smooth dark brown, and speaking a language he did not understand. To be with them, of them, was a feeling that filled his whole body. He swam a little closer; they turned and watched him with narrowed, attentive dark eyes. Then one smiled and waved. It was enough. In a minute he had swum in and was on the rocks beside them, smiling with extreme nervousness. They shouted cheerful greetings at him, and then, as he preserved his nervous, puzzled smile, they understood that he was a foreigner who had wandered from his own part of the sands, and they promptly forgot him. But he was happy. He was with them.They began diving again and again from a high point into a well of blue sea between rough, pointed rocks. After they had dived and come up, they swam round, pulled themselves up, and waited their turn to dive again. They were big boys-men to Jerry. He dived, and they watched him, and when he swam round to take his place, they made way for him. He felt he was accepted and he dived again carefully proud of himself.Soon the biggest of the boys balanced himself, shot down into the water, and did not come up. The others stood about watching. Jerry, after waiting for the smooth brown head to appear, let out a cry of warning; they looked at him idly and turned their eyes back towards the water. After a long time, the boy came up on the other side of a big dark rock, letting the air escape suddenly from his lungs with much coughing and spitting, and giving a shout of satisfaction, immediately, the rest of them dived in. One moment the morning seemed full of boys as noisy as a crowd of monkeys; the next, the air and the surface of the water were empty. But through the heavy blue, dark shapes could be seen moving and searching.Jerry dived, shot past the school of underwater swimmers, saw a black wall of rock towering over him, touched it, and shop up at once to the surface, where the rock formed a low wall he could see across. There was no one in sight; under him, in the water, the shadowy shapes of the swimmers had disappeared. Then one and then another of the boys came up on the far side of the wall of rock, and he understood that they had swum through some gap or hole in it. He dived down again. He could see nothing through the stinging salt water but the solid rock. When he came up, the boys were all on the diving rock, preparing to attempt the trick again. And now, overcome with a sense of failure, he shouted up in English: “Look at me! Look!” and he began splashing and kicking in the water like a foolish dog.41. It can be concluded from the passage that _.A. Jerry was not a good swimmerB. Jerry failed to gain acceptance by the other boysC. Jerry was on holiday abroadD. Jerry was not on good terms with his mother42. The word “bare” in Paragraph 2 means_.A. in disguiseC. in the gutterB. in the limelightD. in the raw43. At the beginning, Jerry was swimming_.A. into the little bayB. too far out to see his motherC. near to the group of boysD. further out to see than the rock44. What happened to the biggest boy?A. He had been trying to stay under water as long as possible.B. He had swum through a hole in the rock under the water.C. He had been trying to do the highest dive.D. He had played a trick on Jerry.45. Jerry splashed and kicked in the water because_.A. he was pretending to be drowningB. he wanted to amuse all the other boysC. he hadnt been able to do what the other boys had doneD. he wanted the other boys to listen to what he was sayingPassage four Peter Sellers wouldnt be allowed his career today. All those funny racial stereotypesthe caricatured frogs, wops, yids and goodness-gracious-me Pakisare in clear breach of the codes of political correctness. His lewd disguises and overdone accents belong with black-and-white minstrel shows and clog-dancingits the comedy of yesteryear. Have you tried listening to The Goon Show