已閱讀5頁,還剩76頁未讀, 繼續(xù)免費(fèi)閱讀
版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請進(jìn)行舉報(bào)或認(rèn)領(lǐng)
文檔簡介
托福185寫作思路分析+參考提綱The Independent Writing TopicsThe following is a list of the actual Independent Writing topics that were eligible for use on former versions of the TOEFL test. You will see topics very similar to these on the TOEFL iBT. Whatever the topic, you will be asked to give your opinion and to support your opinion with specific reasons and examples. It does not matter whether you agree or disagree with the topic; the raters are trained to accept all varieties of opinions. What matters are the skills discussed in the previous section: your ability to respond directly to the question, to take a clear position, and to write an essay characterized by good organization, proper use of supporting examples, sentence variety, and correct sentence structures. None of the topics requires specialized knowledge. Most topics are general and are based on the common experience of people in general and students in particular. What should you do with this list of topics? To prepare for the Writing section of TOEFL iBT, you should choose topics from the list and practice writing essays in response. Make sure you time yourself, taking 30 seconds to read the question, plan your work, and write your essay. After completing the essay, read it over and compare it with the scoring guide. Or better yet, have a friend or teacher evaluate the essay against the scoring criteria and give you feedback.People attend college or university for many different reasons (for example, new experiences, career preparation, increased knowledge). Why do you think people attend college or university? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 參考分析:說明人們選擇上大學(xué)的具體原因(一個(gè)或者多個(gè)): 增加經(jīng)驗(yàn)、拓展知識、開闊視野. Increase their experience of themselves, expend their knowledge in subjects they find interesting,education and experience breed a breath of vision and understanding to us. They can learn new skill for career with a lot of opportunities. 為了實(shí)現(xiàn)理想(ideal; idealistic)(如,周恩來就是為中華之崛起而讀書). When we go to the university it can be bring about our idealistic, 為了保證將來的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì). It can ensure our obtain employment in the future. 父母要求子女上大學(xué). Our parents ask their children to go to the university. 別人都上大學(xué)了,所以自己也選擇讀書. A series of people choice to go to the university, so i have on choice but to study. 找不到工作. I havent a good job, so i have to choice attend college.(無知,總是一部分人做出某個(gè)選擇的理由。上大學(xué)如是1,去博物館如是12,從事危險(xiǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)亦如是43。)相關(guān)題目:1681、同意上大學(xué)好. (1)為未來工作進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)備 offer more opportunity in our future.(2)交更多的朋友,學(xué)習(xí)他們的思維方式 make many new friends, then learn their mode of thinking.(3)系統(tǒng)的學(xué)習(xí)知識 in the college we can learn systemic knowledge.2. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents are the best teachers. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.參考分析:因觀點(diǎn)絕對而不能同意。 不是所有的父母都是好老師. 最好的老師不僅僅是父母 有些父母盡管善良,但對教育孩子一無所知 有些父母不配做孩子的老師,對孩子有不良影響2、同意父母是最好的老師. I have been lucky enough to have a very good relationship with my parents(1)父母從小就和我們在一起,給我們很多的知識 give me a necessary criticism,taught us significant knowledge. And we alway stay together since we were grown up.(2)父母和我們最為親密,在任何時(shí)候,都會(huì)毫無保留地給我們知識 (3)父母最了解我們,所以他們給我們的建議和意見都是最有針對性的. They realize us the most. They often given us a range of suggest and opinion. 3. Nowadays, food has become easier to prepare. Has this change improved the way people live? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.參考分析:總體上,“食物變得越來越容易準(zhǔn)備”是一種進(jìn)步37,所以自然會(huì)帶來improvement。使人們的生活方式發(fā)生了一些變化: 好的:o 節(jié)省時(shí)間,越來越方便,一定程度上把婦女從繁雜的家務(wù)中解放了出來save time. convenience. 也有不好的變化:o 準(zhǔn)備食物是一種重要的家庭活動(dòng),可是食物變得容易準(zhǔn)備一定程度上使家人在一起的時(shí)間減少了,比如“速凍餃子”quick-frozen dumplingo 快餐業(yè)的高速發(fā)展的一個(gè)直接結(jié)果是,人們普遍變胖了,尤其是孩子became fat. Especially children.相關(guān)題目:133、 食品容易保存將改變?nèi)藗兊纳盍?xí)慣. Change person lifes habits.(1)食品容易準(zhǔn)備,節(jié)省了大量的時(shí)間,使人們可以做其他事情 (2)食品容易準(zhǔn)備,為人們提供了更多的花樣。 Food preparation today allows for more variety.(3)食品容易準(zhǔn)備,為人們的健康帶來了很多好處 Healthful eating is also easier than ever now.4. It has been said, Not everything that is learned is contained in books. Compare and contrast knowledge gained from experience with knowledge gained from books. In your opinion, which source is more important? Why?參考分析: 注意一定要先進(jìn)行比較.compare,contrast 從書本中獲取的知識o 優(yōu)點(diǎn): 題材、范圍更多.more scope. 有更多的深度 depth. 更加的系統(tǒng) systematic knowledge.o 缺點(diǎn): 有時(shí)過于教條. Those content is so simplex. 也不見得完全準(zhǔn)確. Those not nicety that knowledge gained from books. 從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中獲取的知識o 優(yōu)點(diǎn): 獲取直接、簡單明了. Simpleness , perspicuity. 更加地實(shí)用 more practicality(do more harm than good弊大于利) 有些知識無法從書本中獲得. I think knowledge gained from books that the most important lessons cannot be taught .o 缺點(diǎn): 不系統(tǒng),很大的隨意性. The content is not systematic ,and its at will. 很容易產(chǎn)生片面理解 when you learn something from experience , and you comprehension are unilateral. 不一定要說A比B更重要,或者B比A更重要。也可以選擇在不同的情況下,有不同的比較。學(xué)習(xí)抽象的知識,書本是最好的來源。學(xué)習(xí)游泳,這只能靠經(jīng)驗(yàn)。另外,大多數(shù)的知識要書本經(jīng)驗(yàn)相結(jié)合才可以。相關(guān)題目:116 有些科目或者知識適合通過實(shí)踐學(xué)習(xí),比如,語言,體育 有些科目或者知識適合通過閱讀學(xué)習(xí),比如,物理、化學(xué)、歷史、地理 有些科目或者知識適合通過與別人交流來學(xué)習(xí),比如銷售技巧;管理技巧所以不能一概而論(treat different things/problems/matters as the same),要看學(xué)什么,以及學(xué)習(xí)的階段。4、首先進(jìn)行比較,然后說書是最重要的來源 (1)讀書能夠節(jié)省很多時(shí)間 (2)書是有系統(tǒng)性的,能夠讓人以很科學(xué)的方式迅速獲得知識 (3)讀書相對比較便宜和容易,而在尋找經(jīng)驗(yàn)則比較昂貴和困難 5. A company has announced that it wishes to build a large factory near your community. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this new influence on your community. Do you support or oppose the factory? Explain your position.參考分析:先討論“假設(shè)工廠真的落成了,而帶來的好處和壞處”,而后發(fā)表看法。 好處:o 直接增加了就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)(到工廠去上班);間接增加了就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)(會(huì)有很多服務(wù)業(yè),比如飯店、商店、超市等等跟著開業(yè)).ensure our obtain employment, o 如果工廠規(guī)模足夠大,物流規(guī)模也足夠大,那么將最終成為交通改善的起點(diǎn)o 大的工廠可以繳納很多稅,對地方財(cái)政有好處,進(jìn)而促進(jìn)社區(qū)的繁榮. The larger factory can paid many taxies, advanced economy,increase place finance,etc. 壞處:o 帶來各種污染,比如,噪音、廢氣、污水等等。 Bring about a range of pollution,such as air pollution, noise pollution, exhaust gas,etc.o 工廠不一定會(huì)贏利。The factory did not have the profit.相關(guān)題目: 16、25、26、30、795、 先說明優(yōu)勢和劣勢,讓后說同意建一個(gè)工廠 (1)工廠能夠吸收附近很多人進(jìn)行就業(yè),對地方的經(jīng)濟(jì)有很大的貢獻(xiàn) (2)建立工廠能夠促使附近其他的商業(yè)發(fā)展,例如小商店,藥店等等,這可以大大方便附近的居民 convenience.(3)建造工廠,贏利后,就可以向當(dāng)?shù)卣暙I(xiàn)稅收,政府可以利用這些錢改善社區(qū)的服務(wù). The government can used taxies to improve community service.6. If you could change one important thing about your hometown, what would you change? Use reasons and specific examples to support your answer.參考分析:改變其環(huán)境,因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)好的環(huán)境會(huì)使人們. I will change environment about my hometown. 更加快樂.in the extreme pleasure. 更加健康.more health. 更加有效率.very efficient.相關(guān)題目:52、141、165都可以選擇改變其環(huán)境。這些題目實(shí)際上可以用一篇文章應(yīng)對。6、一個(gè)重要的改變就是改變環(huán)境,讓它變的更好 the important change is that a change of scene. (1)環(huán)境好能改善人的身體健康,很多人因?yàn)榄h(huán)境而生病 the good environment will improve our health. A range of people were taken ill, because the environment not very well.(2)環(huán)境好了,吸引更多的游客來旅游.attract tourist.(3)環(huán)境好能夠促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,吸引更多的商人來投資 the nice environment can attract investment.7. How do movies or television influence peoples behavior? Use reasons and specific examples to support your answer.參考分析:both for the better and for the worse.People mimic movies or television stars behavior.電影、電視等大眾傳媒(mass media)往往可以對人們的行為產(chǎn)生影響 通過改變?nèi)藗兊膬r(jià)值觀、世界觀、審美觀而改變?nèi)藗冃袨? Through change peoples sense of worth, world point of view outlook and aesthetic standard, and then influence peoples action. 通過制造“社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)”而使大眾不停地討論一件事情 通過滿足人們的幻想,或使人們處于平衡狀態(tài),或使人們一定程度上失衡7、電影和電視影響人的行為 (1)電影和電視能夠讓人們迅速了解整個(gè)國家和世界,豐富人的知識,讓人們更加樂觀 (2)電影和電視讓人變的懶惰,不愿意和人接觸. Became more sloth. Did not like touch with other people.(3)電影和電視讓人變的violent. Transform more violent. Make people more violent.8. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Television has destroyed communication among friends and family. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.參考分析:不能同意這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。一方面人們看電視的時(shí)間越來越多;另外一方面人與人之間的關(guān)系越來越冷漠。但是這兩個(gè)現(xiàn)象并不是完全、直接的因果關(guān)系。造成人們關(guān)系冷漠的原因很多,比如,來自方方面面的壓力:工作、生活。8、電影和電視沒有破壞朋友和家人的交流 (1)電影和電視的很多內(nèi)容正是朋友和家人聊天的重要內(nèi)容。沒有電影和電視,似乎聊天就缺了很多內(nèi)容。 Televisions content has an important when we talk with our friends or family. If the would have not the television,we chat have no good content in our life.(2)我們在很多時(shí)候是和朋友和家人一起欣賞電影和電視的,這促進(jìn)了交流. The family will watch TV together with our friends sometimes. And we have more time communicate.(3)電影和電視現(xiàn)在的設(shè)計(jì)很多是讓家人朋友一起參與,這實(shí)際上也促進(jìn)了交流. Have more TV program design good idea which we and our friends or our family had talk part in this program. Actually improve our communicate too.9. Some people prefer to live in a small town. Others prefer to live in a big city. Which place would you prefer to live in? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.參考分析: 生活在大城市的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn):信息發(fā)達(dá),工作機(jī)會(huì)多,生活設(shè)施完善;人情淡薄. More jobs. Consummate information. Traffic jam. The communicate is so convenience. 生活在小城市的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn):溫馨,安靜,空氣好;人們相互了解、友善;信息閉塞;沒有好工作. Fresh air. Quiet. Friendliness. We know each other. No good job . Consummate education. 陳述自己的偏好(可以采取it depends的策略,不同的階段有不同的偏好)相關(guān)題目:209、 選擇在大城市生活 (1)大城市工作機(jī)會(huì)更多一些 (2)大城市生活相對方便,有很好的商店,交通等等 (3)大城市的娛樂也更多,如電影院,博物館等等。 Entertainment . For instance:cinema,museum,etc.10、10. When people succeed, it is because of hard work. Luck has nothing to do with success. Do you agree or disagree with the quotation above? Use specific reasons and examples to explain your 參考分析:Opportunity very often depends on luck. nothing是一個(gè)絕對詞,所以,不能完全同意也不能完全不同意。選擇“很大程度上同意”。 指出luck確實(shí)存在 指出可能導(dǎo)致人們成功的若干原因:誠實(shí)、睿智、幽默;執(zhí)著;肯于做不喜歡的事情27;相關(guān)題目:27、6310、不同意,實(shí)際上運(yùn)氣在人成功的過程中也很重要 (1)先肯定努力是成功不可或缺的一部分。 Although success comes a lot from hard work, hard work is not the only key factor for Success(2)在找工作的過程中,同樣優(yōu)秀的人在申請工作的時(shí)候不一定就都會(huì)被接受,而兩個(gè)人的人生道路就非常不同?;蛘邚纳暾埡炞C的角度來說也可以。 (3)別人幫助可以根本不費(fèi)努力而成功 other people help us that so easy for success.11. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Universities should give the same amount of money to their students sports activities as they give to their university libraries. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.參考分析: 不能完全同意。same是一件做不到的事情。 普通大學(xué),應(yīng)該或更多的錢在圖書館上 體育??拼髮W(xué),當(dāng)然應(yīng)該花更多的錢在體育設(shè)施上 資金分配的重要原則:產(chǎn)出應(yīng)該大于投入 大學(xué)的辦學(xué)原則:要better brains;也要better bodies.相關(guān)題目:Related Topic: 147. Some relevant issues about public investments: 1) investment vs. profit; 2) immediate needs vs. long-term benefits; 3) profit-making organization vs. nonprofit-making organization. Topics about money allocation: 11. 19. 56. 95. 100. 167*) personal attitudes of money: 32. 33. 48. 53. 131. 173. 177. 185.資金分配問題:資金的有效運(yùn)用(efficiency of money allocation)的重要體現(xiàn)是投入產(chǎn)出比(input-output ratio)。即便是nonprofit-making organization也要保證資金的投入產(chǎn)出的平衡(balance of input and output)。11、同意,對體育進(jìn)行投入 (1)體育活動(dòng)對于學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)和健康非常有利 (2)體育活動(dòng)有助于培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的團(tuán)隊(duì)精神和人生態(tài)度 (3)體育活動(dòng)對于學(xué)校的名聲是非常重要的。好的運(yùn)動(dòng)隊(duì)能夠提高學(xué)校的名氣12. Many people visit museums when they travel to new places. Why do you think people visit museums? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 參考分析: 個(gè)人偏好,或者習(xí)慣,比如喜愛歷史。 可以短時(shí)間內(nèi)了解一個(gè)地方的歷史、文化。85提提供了一個(gè)線索:因?yàn)樗挥幸惶斓臅r(shí)間! 可以看到珍貴的藝術(shù)、文化、歷史、科學(xué)等收藏。 著名的博物館周邊,由于游客眾多,一般也會(huì)有很多其他值得參觀的地方,也會(huì)有很好吃的餐館。 另外,也有些人去博物館,沒有什么特別的理由。別人都去,于是他也去了1、42 。12、人們到一個(gè)新的地方,為什么首先喜歡參觀當(dāng)?shù)氐牟┪镳^?(1)人們訪問博物館,是博物館反映了一個(gè)國家的文化和歷史 (2)訪問時(shí)間比較短,訪問博物館可以最大程度了解一個(gè)地方 (4)非常珍貴的東西,只有在博物觀才能看到 13. Some people prefer to eat at food stands or restaurants. Other people prefer to prepare and eat food at home. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.參考分析:不要急于作出選擇,先進(jìn)行比較,然后根據(jù)情況選擇 去餐館或者吃快餐的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn):方便、快捷、多種口味;昂貴expensive、衛(wèi)生可能得不到保障、快餐使人發(fā)胖3 在家吃飯的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn):干凈、可以做出自己喜歡的口味、節(jié)省、與家人和朋友共同準(zhǔn)備實(shí)物很開心;花費(fèi)時(shí)間、可能做的沒有餐館那么好吃; 在不同的情況下會(huì)有不同的選擇。周末休息應(yīng)該跟家人在家里吃飯。與老朋友久別重逢應(yīng)該找一家安靜的餐館相關(guān)題目:313、選擇在飯館吃飯 m(1)節(jié)省時(shí)間,自己做飯很麻煩 (2)能夠品嘗各種各樣的美食 (3)能夠促進(jìn)和朋友的感情 14. Some people believe that university students should be required to attend classes. Others believe that going to classes should be optional for students. Which point of view do you agree with? Use specific reasons and details to explain your answer.參考分析:不要急于選擇哪一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。因?yàn)閮蓚€(gè)觀點(diǎn)都有些片面。盡量多地列舉兩種觀點(diǎn)的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),然后進(jìn)行比較,最終選擇一個(gè)立場。 上課的好處 17 自學(xué)的好處17 在培養(yǎng)大學(xué)生時(shí),是否應(yīng)該以培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的自主能力為主? 如果強(qiáng)制所有的學(xué)生去上課,是否真地會(huì)提高所有學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)效率?有些學(xué)生可能在某些課堂上得不到有效的幫助。 如果允許所有的學(xué)生都可以自由選課,是否會(huì)有些學(xué)生失去目標(biāo)? 有沒有這種的辦法?比如:選修課(optional course)/必修課(compulsory course)的設(shè)置相關(guān)題目:1714、應(yīng)當(dāng)要求學(xué)生上課 (1)學(xué)生上課能夠和教師更好的交流,學(xué)習(xí)會(huì)更好 (2)學(xué)生上課能夠和同學(xué)互相學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)習(xí)他們的思維方式,團(tuán)隊(duì)精神有所提高 (3)學(xué)生上課是責(zé)任和紀(jì)律要求,如果學(xué)生想上課就上課,那么學(xué)校將無法管理 15. Neighbors are the people who live near us. In your opinion, what are the qualities of a good neighbor? Use specific details and examples in your answer.參考分析:共有8道題問及各種人的qualities或者characteristics。103提供了最好的答案:intelligence; honesty; a sense of humor。這些都是所有的人都應(yīng)具備的基本優(yōu)點(diǎn)。類似的還有optimistic and positive; politeness; loyalty; perseverance; justice等等。46要求回答Have these qualities changed or remained the same over time in your culture?而以上提到的各個(gè)特征都是remained unchanged in any culture, and any period of time的相對容易回答(只需要說從來就沒有變過就可以了)。相關(guān)題目:18、22、46、62、93、103、179。另外,174題的作文中(這一代人與上一代人有什么不同?)可以用一段的篇幅來描述一些不曾改變過的東西。15、鄰居的素質(zhì) (1)尊重理解自己。 (2)尊重別人的隱私,不到處去傳閑話 (3)當(dāng)自己有難處的時(shí)候,能夠盡可能的幫助自己 16. It has recently been announced that a new restaurant may be built in your neighborhood. Do you support or oppose this plan? Why? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.參考分析:社區(qū)內(nèi)的餐館越多,競爭就越激烈,那么價(jià)錢就會(huì)更公道;可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)衛(wèi)生問題;也可能有客人酗酒鬧事(excessive drinking; get drunk and create a disturbance; make trouble after getting drunk.)。參見:5。16、同意新飯館建立 (1)增加就業(yè) (2)提供一個(gè)好的休閑娛樂場所 (3)貢獻(xiàn)稅收,改進(jìn)社區(qū) 17. Some people think that they can learn better by themselves than with a teacher. Others think that it is always better to have a teacher. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons to develop your essay.參考分析:不要急于選擇哪一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。因?yàn)閮蓚€(gè)觀點(diǎn)都有些片面。 有老師的好處:系統(tǒng)的指導(dǎo);提供疑難解答;更快、更有效率 自學(xué)的必要性:自學(xué)能力應(yīng)該是追求知識的過程中最重要的能力之一。 任何科目都應(yīng)該指導(dǎo)和自學(xué)相結(jié)合。 不同的科目、不同的階段有不同的選擇。17、應(yīng)當(dāng)和老師一起學(xué)習(xí) (1)教師受過培訓(xùn),他們了解學(xué)生的問題,所以在進(jìn)行輔導(dǎo)的時(shí)候系統(tǒng)有重點(diǎn) (2)教師和學(xué)生進(jìn)行交流,使學(xué)生能夠迅速掌握知識 (3)教師提供了學(xué)習(xí)的方法,這在未來學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)其他知識的時(shí)候都很有幫助 18. What are some important qualities of a good supervisor (boss)? Use specific details and examples to explain why these qualities are important.參見:1518 一個(gè)好的上級應(yīng)當(dāng)是 (1)尊重下級,有禮貌, (2)有高超的專業(yè)知識 (3)在自己工作遇到困難的時(shí)候,能夠盡自己的努力幫助自己 19. Should governments spend more money on improving roads and highways, or should governments spend more money on improving public transportation (buses, trains, subways)? Why? Use specific reasons and details to develop your essay.參考分析:資金運(yùn)用的基本原則a higher input-output ratio is desirable。參見:11分析。 政府也需要盈利 高速公路,是有盈利的。并且有利于促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮,進(jìn)一步增加稅收。 公共交通,是政府開銷。但是市政府的職責(zé)。 結(jié)合我國情況選擇立場。比如:可以認(rèn)為目前要大力發(fā)展高速公路,而其收入可以用來開發(fā)公共交通。19、應(yīng)當(dāng)改善交通 (1)大多數(shù)人都需要并沒有私人汽車,他們需要公共交通,所以要符合大多數(shù)人的需要 (2)公共交通能夠保護(hù)環(huán)境,改善公共交通能夠吸引更多人坐工車,對環(huán)境有保護(hù)作用 (3)公共交通能夠帶來更多人的就業(yè),能夠更好的促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展 20. It is better for children to grow up in the countryside than in a big city. Do you agree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to develop your essay.參考分析:不要急于同意或者不同意這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。因?yàn)槟莻€(gè)回答都有些片面。地點(diǎn)并不是影響孩子成長的唯一因素,也不是眾多因素中最重要的因素。 生活在城市的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn) 生活在鄉(xiāng)村的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn) 也可以用一系列“不一定”的事實(shí)來反駁題目中觀點(diǎn),比如:o 在鄉(xiāng)村長大的孩子不一定比在城市長大的孩子淳樸(honest; simple; simple sentiments);o 在鄉(xiāng)村長大的孩子不一定比在城市長大的孩子健康(healthy); 不同的階段有不同的選擇:o 學(xué)齡前兒童,小學(xué)生在哪里都無所謂o 初中、高中就可能在大城市更好一點(diǎn)20、不同意,兒童應(yīng)當(dāng)長在大城市 (1)大城市能讓兒童受到良好的教育 (2)大城市能夠讓兒童開闊視野,接觸到很多東西。 (3)大城市的娛樂更多,兒童更喜歡 (4)大城市的醫(yī)療設(shè)備比較好,兒童得病可以得到迅速治療 21. In general, people are living longer now. Discuss the causes of this phenomenon. Use specific reasons and details to develop your essay.參考分析: 現(xiàn)象描述:20世紀(jì)初全球平均年齡(life expectancy)大約45歲。到20世紀(jì)末,這個(gè)數(shù)字已經(jīng)增長到70歲左右。 人們越來越長壽的原因:o 越來越好的飲食條件,飲食衛(wèi)生,越來越科學(xué)的飲食模式o 越來越發(fā)達(dá)的醫(yī)療技術(shù)、越來越完善的醫(yī)療保健系統(tǒng)o 經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定、社會(huì)穩(wěn)定。極端的例子:前蘇聯(lián)(the previous Soviet Union)解體(disintegration/breakup)后,俄羅斯的平均年齡大幅度下降21、人們壽命延長的原因在于 (1)醫(yī)學(xué)發(fā)展,很多病能夠得到及時(shí)的治療,人們的壽命延長 (2)世界和平,沒有大型的戰(zhàn)爭 (3)人們更加注意健康,積極參加體育活動(dòng),飲食也比以前合理。22. We all work or will work in our jobs with many different kinds of people. In your opinion, what are some important characteristics of a co-worker (someone you work closely with)? Use reasons and specific examples to explain why these characteristics are important.參見:1522、一個(gè)好的同事的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是 (1)尊重你,對你有禮貌 (2)尊重你的隱私 (3)在你有困難的時(shí)候,幫助你 23. In some countries, teenagers have jobs while they are still students. Do you think this is a good idea? Support your opinion by using specific reasons and details.參考分析:注意審題。是teenager而不是college students。Teenagers have jobs,這顯然是一個(gè)BAD idea。Teenager,意指十幾歲的孩子16歲或者18歲以下(18歲以上就是adult了,16、7的孩子往往被稱之為 young adults。參見:61)。雇用童工(Employing children labor)目前在很多國家是非法(illegal)的。也違反國際兒童保護(hù)條約(International Children Act )。允許雇用童工,或存在童工現(xiàn)象,都是一個(gè)國家落后愚昧的表現(xiàn)。 不要說teenager打工可以鍛煉自我,teenager需要的是接受教育,健康成長 不要說teenager打工可以認(rèn)識社會(huì),teenager還不具備足夠的心理承受能力(psychological endurance),過早步入社會(huì) (early exposure to the real world),只能導(dǎo)致世界觀、價(jià)值觀(out look of world, value, etc.)的扭曲(deteriorated; distorted)。 23、學(xué)習(xí)期間打工是一個(gè)好主意 (1)能夠從工作中學(xué)習(xí)實(shí)際的經(jīng)驗(yàn),將書本的東西用到工作中 (2)掙了錢,能夠減輕父母的財(cái)政壓力 (3)學(xué)習(xí)更加合理的管理時(shí)間 24. A person you know is planning to move to your town or city. What do you think this person would like and dislike about living in your town or city? Why? Use specific reasons and details to develop your essay.參考分析:這是一個(gè)討論假設(shè)問題的題目。盡量展開想象。注意:不要只說my city,要指出你所在城市的名字, 比如:Beijing, Shanghai等等。 人們會(huì)喜歡的有:女人喜歡商場;男人可能喜歡書店;大的公園、動(dòng)物園;名勝古跡;文化氛圍 人們會(huì)討厭的有:交通堵塞;空氣不新鮮;大城市的排外主義(exclusivism)、不友善(unfriendly);24、假設(shè)此城市是個(gè)大城市喜歡的(1)更多的工作機(jī)會(huì)的收入(2)更多的娛樂(3)生活方便 不喜歡的可以寫:(1)環(huán)境污染 (2)人比較冷漠 25. It has recently been announced that a large shopping center may be built in your neighborhood. Do you support or oppose this plan? Why? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.參見:525、同意建一個(gè)大型的購物中心 (1)增加就業(yè) (2)提供休閑的方便地方 (3)貢獻(xiàn)稅收,服務(wù)社區(qū) 26. It has recently been announced that a new movie theater may be built in your neighborhood. Do you support or oppose this plan? Why? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.參見:527. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People should sometimes do things that they do not enjoy doing. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.參考分析:這個(gè)statement里面的限定詞是sometimes。應(yīng)該同意這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。63可以作為27的理由之一,因?yàn)椋琈
溫馨提示
- 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
- 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
- 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會(huì)有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
- 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲(chǔ)空間,僅對用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
- 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
- 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。
最新文檔
- 二零二五版苗木種植與農(nóng)業(yè)綜合開發(fā)合同樣本4篇
- 二零二五年度教育培訓(xùn)股東股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓與合作辦學(xué)合同2篇
- 二零二五版嬰幼兒奶粉國際市場拓展與出口合同4篇
- 2025版綠色環(huán)保型商品房預(yù)售買賣合同3篇
- 2025年度校服品牌授權(quán)與校園形象塑造合同3篇
- 2025年度事業(yè)單位合同工勞動(dòng)法執(zhí)行監(jiān)督評估合同3篇
- 2025年度生鮮配送冷鏈物流承包合同范本3篇
- 2025年度個(gè)人傭金提成與長期激勵(lì)合同2篇
- 課題申報(bào)參考:能源數(shù)據(jù)要素賦能可再生能源電力生產(chǎn)的機(jī)制與對策研究
- 課題申報(bào)參考:民族傳統(tǒng)體育與體育非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)的傳承與保護(hù)研究
- 2025年N1叉車司機(jī)考試試題(附答案)
- 《醫(yī)院財(cái)務(wù)分析報(bào)告》課件
- 2025老年公寓合同管理制度
- 2024-2025學(xué)年人教版數(shù)學(xué)六年級上冊 期末綜合卷(含答案)
- 2024中國汽車后市場年度發(fā)展報(bào)告
- 感染性腹瀉的護(hù)理查房
- 天津市部分區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末考試 物理 含解析
- 《人工智能基礎(chǔ)》全套英語教學(xué)課件(共7章)
- GB/T 35613-2024綠色產(chǎn)品評價(jià)紙和紙制品
- 2022-2023學(xué)年五年級數(shù)學(xué)春季開學(xué)摸底考(四)蘇教版
- 【螞蟻保】2024中國商業(yè)醫(yī)療險(xiǎn)發(fā)展研究藍(lán)皮書
評論
0/150
提交評論