非謂語動詞圖表.doc

非謂語在句中充當(dāng)除謂語以外的句子成分的動詞形式叫做非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞分為三種形式：不定式、動名詞和分詞（分詞包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞）邏輯主語與真正主語真正主語：謂語動作發(fā)出者，即真正主語。 邏輯主語：非謂語動作的發(fā)出者或者承受者。構(gòu)成非謂語動詞句型的首要條件：邏輯主語與真正主語一致。To acquire knowledge , you must study 解析：條件：此句真正主語：you 邏輯主語：you 主語一致。 結(jié)論：可構(gòu)成非謂語句型非謂語使用條件一個句子當(dāng)中，已經(jīng)存在一個主句（謂語動詞）,又沒有連詞的情況下She got off the bus but left her handbag on her seat. She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.三種非謂語動詞形式句法功能比較 功能種類主賓 表 定狀 補(bǔ)不定式 動名詞 分詞 非謂語動詞做主語的區(qū)別：區(qū)別舉例不定式不定式做主語常表示某次具體的行為或?qū)淼膭幼?。不定式做主語，一般用it當(dāng)形式主語，把作主語的不定式短語后置。To visit China is my next goal. It took me only five minutes to finish the job.動名詞動名詞做主語往往表示泛指的、一般的行為;Climbing mountains is great fun.Its nice seeing you again. 1. _ a language requires time and effort. A. Learn B. Learning C. To learn D. Being learned2. It is not always easy _ invitations. A. to refuse B. refusing C. to be refused D. being refused3. How _ the problem will be discussed at tomorrows meeting. A. to solve B. to be solved C. being solved D. solving4. It _ forty-five minutes _ there by bus. A. cost, to get B. takes, getting C. takes, to get D. takes, to get to5. It is no good _. You should give_. A. to smoke, it up B. smoking, it up C. smoking, up it D. to smoke, up it做賓語的非謂語動詞比較：情況常用動詞只接不定式做賓語的動詞agree (同意) , ask (請、要) , attempt (試圖) , afford 付得起 agree 同意 ask 要求apply 申請care (想要) , choose (決定、要) , decide (決定) , desire (希望) , determine (決心) , help 幫助expect (期望) , fail (未能) , hope (希望) , intend (打算) , learn (學(xué)習(xí)) , manage (設(shè)法) , offer (愿意) , plan (計(jì)劃、打算) , pretend (假裝) , refuse (拒絕、謝絕) , wish (希望) , promise (答應(yīng))，want（想要）等等。只接動名詞做賓語的動詞或短語admit 承認(rèn) advise 建議 allow 允許 appreciate 感激avoid 避免 consider 考慮delay 推遲 deny 否認(rèn)discuss 討論dislike 不喜歡 enjoy 喜愛 escape 逃脫excuse 原諒 fancy 設(shè)想 finish 完成 forbid 禁止forgive 原諒give up 放棄imagine 想象keep 保持mention 提及mind 介意 miss 沒趕上pardon 原諒permit 允許 practice 練習(xí)prevent 阻止prohibit 禁止 put off 推遲 risk 冒險stop 停止suggest 建議be addicted to 沉溺于；對上癮devote oneself to doing sth./be devoted to 獻(xiàn)身于做某事/專心致力于做某事把be equal to doing sth 等于做某事，能勝任做某事object to doing sth 反對做某事pay attention to doing sth 注意做某事be used to doing sth/be accustomed to doing 習(xí)慣于做某事get down to doing sth開始做某事，認(rèn)真處理某事look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事make contributions to對作貢獻(xiàn)兩者都可以意義基本相同begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue(接不定式多指具體的動作, 接動名詞多指一般或習(xí)慣行為)need, want, require（接動名詞主動形式表示被動意義，若接不定式則應(yīng)用被動形式）意義不同forget/remember doing/having done記得還是忘了以前曾經(jīng)做的事forget/remember to do還未做regret doing sth. 對做過的某事表示后悔regret to say, 很抱歉的mean to do, 打算作某事；mean doing, 意味著 try to do ,盡力作某事；try doing 嘗試著作某事 want / need/ require doing sth, 表示被動等于want/need/require to be donelike/ hate doing, 經(jīng)常性的like/ hate to do, 特定的某一次be/get used to doing 習(xí)慣于做某事used to do 過去經(jīng)常做某事 be used to do被用來做cant help doing=cant help but do 忍不住做某事cant help ( to) do 不能幫助做某事stop doing 停止正在做著的某事 stop to do停下來做別的事情(to do是目的狀語)go on doing繼續(xù)做原來做的事go on to do接著干別的事情1. He gave us some advice on how _ English. A. learning B. learned C. to learn D. learn2. It s a pay day, and they are waiting _. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to be paid3. I dont know whether you happen, but Im going to study in the U.S.A this September . Ato be heard B. to be hearing Cto hear D. to have heard 4. I forgot _ my name when I finished _ the composition. A. to sign, to writing B. to sign, writing C. signing, writing5. -You were brave enough to raised objections at the meeting. -Well, now I regret _ that. A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done6. She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake. A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned非謂語動詞做表語的區(qū)別：區(qū)別舉例不定式表示將來某一次時常用動詞不定式作表語My wish is to find a part-time job this summer. 動名詞表示經(jīng)常性時常用動名詞作表語。My hobby is collecting/ to collect ancient coins. 現(xiàn)在分詞-ing 形容詞，令人.的；-ed形容詞，令人感到.的，有被動意味。interesting-interested,exciting-excited, delighting-delighted,disappointing-disappointed, pleasing-pleased,puzzling-puzzled, satisfying-satisfied, surprising-surprised,Worrying-worriedThe party was very exciting. They were very excited at the news過去分詞1. Her wish is _ an engineer. A. becoming B. become C. to become D. being come2.Some peoples greatest pleasure is _. A. fishingB. to fish C. to be fishing D. being fish3. The report was so _ that they were all _. A. inspiring, exciting B. inspiring, excited C. inspired, excited D. inspired, exciting4. -“You look pale.” -“I feel a little _.” A. tireB. tiredC. tiringD. tiresome 非謂語動詞做定語的區(qū)別：區(qū)別舉例不定式表將來特定某一次，用動詞不定式。 I have a lot of papers to type.動名詞通常指被修飾詞的用途，無邏輯上的任何關(guān)系Shall we go to the swimming pool?a washing machine （動名詞做定語，= a machine which is used for washing） 洗衣機(jī)現(xiàn)在分詞如果構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，（有時還表正在進(jìn)行）用現(xiàn)在分詞；The boiling water / the boiled waterThe developing country/the developed countryThe falling leaves / the fallen leaves過去分詞如果構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，（已完成），用過去分詞；1. She said she had a important meeting _. A. to attend in B. to attend C. attend D. attending2. He is always the first _ questions. A. to answer B. answering C. to be answered D. being answered3. The Olympic Games _ in the year 2016 will be a great success. A. being held B. to be held C. held D. to hold4. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written5. At present, English is the main subject _ here. A. to be taught B. being taught C. teaching D. to be teaching 6. -Who are those people with the banner? -A group _ itself the League for peace. A. calling B. calls C. called D. is called 7. The pen _ belongs to me. A. which it is on the table B. lying on the table C. is on the table D. which on the table 非謂語動詞做狀語的區(qū)別：與賓語的邏輯關(guān)系及時間概念例句不定式可表示目的，結(jié)果，原因。They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan. His family was too poor to support him. We are glad to hear the news.現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，現(xiàn)在分詞的動作就是句子主語的動作，它們之間是主動關(guān)系。He went out shutting the door behind him.過去分詞過去分詞表示的動作是句子主語承受的動作，它們之間是被動關(guān)系。Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.1. I have enjoyed my visit here. Ill be very sorry _. A. for leaving B. of leaving C. to leave D. left 2. I went to see him _ him out. A. finding B. find C. only to find D. only found 3. _ the cry for help, people immediately rushed out of the rooms. A. To hear B. Hearing C. Having heard D. They hearing 4. _ Hello, he reached out his hand. A. Said B. Saying C. Talked about D. Talking to 5. _ from the tallest building, the whole city looks very beautiful. A. See B. Saw C. Seeing D. Seen 6. _ the past, our life is much better. A. Comparing with B. Be compared with C. To compare with D. Compared with 非謂語動詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別：常見動詞與賓語的邏輯關(guān)系及時間概念例句不定式ask, beg, expect, get, order, tell, want, wish, encourage主謂關(guān)系。強(qiáng)調(diào)動作將發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成。I heard him call me several times.have, notice, see, watch, hear, feel, let, make現(xiàn)在分詞notice, see, watch, hear, find, keep, have, feel主謂關(guān)系。強(qiáng)調(diào)動作正在進(jìn)行，尚未完成I found her listening to the radio.過去分詞動賓關(guān)系。動作已經(jīng)完成，多強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)We found the village greatly changed.1. The doctor advised Lao Li _ more rest. A. that he get B. to get C. would get D. get2. Soon they saw the boy _ in the crowd. A. disappear B. to disappear C. disappears D. disappeared3. Birds are seldom heard _ at night. A. sing B. singing C. to sing D. to be singing 4. He kept me _ for many hours. A. to wait B. having been waited C. waiting D. waited 5. Mother caught the boy _ in the corner. A. smoke B. to smoke C. smoking D. being smoked 6. Having read the Emperors New Clothes, we all found it _. A. interest B. interested C. interesting D. to interest 7. I need this chapter _ before tomorrow. A. rewriting B. rewritten C. rewrite D. to write again8. When she returned home, she found the window open and something _. A. to steal B. losing C. missed D. stolen 9. There was so much noise that the speaker could not make himself _. A. being heard B. heard C. hearing D. hear 非謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)：不定式主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)與謂語動詞的關(guān)系一般式To doTo be done動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之后進(jìn)行式To be doing與謂語動作同時發(fā)生完成式To have doneTo have been done動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前動名詞主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)與謂語動詞的關(guān)系一般式DoingBeing done與謂語動作同時發(fā)生完成式Having doingHaving been done動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前現(xiàn)在分詞主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)與謂語動詞的關(guān)系一般式DoingBeing done與謂語動作同時發(fā)生完成式Having doneHaving been done動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前1. around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Birds Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.A. Having shown B. To be shown C. Having been shown D. To show2.【2012重慶】_to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.A. Having been asked B. To ask C. Having asked D. To be asked3.【2008福建】_ in the queen for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized be had left the cheque in the car.A. Waiting B. To wait C. Having Waited D. To have waited4.My son pretended _ when I came back.A. to sleep B. sleepingC. being sleepingD. to be sleeping5.【2011上?！縏oday we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing, but we seem _ the art of communicating face-to-face.A. losing B. to be losing C. to be lost D. having lost6.Who is the man _now?A. operating on B. operated on C. being operated on D. to be operated on7.The question _ now at the meeting is not the question _ yesterday.A. discussed; discussed B. discussing; had discussedC. being discussed; discussed D. discussing; discussing8.We asked _ to work in the countryside.A. to be sent B. to send C. to be sending D. sending9._ a letter, he decided to send a telegram.A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received10The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult.A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)1）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨(dú)立存在。 2）名詞或代詞與后面的分詞，形容詞，副詞，不定式，介詞等是主謂關(guān)系。 3）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般有逗號與主句分開。 Weatherpermitting,wearegoingtovisityoutomorrowThetestfinished,webeganourholiday.With a lot of things to do, he is quite busy.With those noises upstairs, I couldnt go to sleep.1.With al