上海市上海中學東校2017屆高三12月月考英語試題(易錯題分析) Word版含答案.doc

.2016年上海中學東校高三12月月考卷語法填空For years and years people in USA (21) _(say)that the railways are dead. “We can do without railways.” People sayas if motorcars and planes have made the railways unnecessary. We all keep(22) _(hear) that trains are slow, that they lose money, and that theyre dying .But this is far from the truth: in these days of expensive oil, the railways have become highly competitive with motorcars and planes. If you are intending(23) _(carry) people or goods from place to place, they are(24) _(cheap)than planes. And they have much in common with planes. A plane goes in a straight line and (25)_ does a railway. What is more, it takes you from the heart of a city into the heart of another. It doesnt leave you up(26)_ a plane does, miles and miles from the city center. It doesnt hold you up as a car does, in endless traffic jams, and a single train carry goods(27) _no plane or a motorcar could ever do.Far from being dead, the railways are very much alive. Modern railway lines give you a smooth, less(28)_(trouble) journey. Where else(29) _you eat well, sleep in comfort, feel safe and enjoy the scene while you are traveling at speed at the same time? And we are only at the beginning, for we have just entered the age of super-fast trains, trains traveling(30) _150 miles an hour and more. Soon we will be wondering why we spent so much on motorcars we cant use because we have not enough money to buy the oil and planes we cant fly for the same reason.Have been saying hearing to carry cheaper so as which troubledcan at易錯題分析：21. 從標志詞For years and years可以判斷出句子的時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成進行時；25.從句子結(jié)構(gòu)判斷出為倒裝句表“。也是”，所以用so；26從語義判斷出句意為“正如飛機一樣”，所以用as;十一選十A. especially B. lean C. normally D. scanned E. age F. comparable G. striking H. shrunk I. decline J. impact K. progression Being overweight in middle-age makes the brain (31)_by 10 years, research by the University of Cambridge has found.The study, which(32) _473 brains, found changes in the brain structure of overweight people which are(33)_ seen in those far older.The volume of white matter - the tissue that connects areas of the brain and allows information to be communicated between regions - (34)_far more in those with a Body Mass Index above 25. Shrinkage of parts of the brain is associated with a higher risk of cognitive (35)_and dementia.The Cambridge Study found no differences in cognitive skills when participants underwent IQ tests. But the men and women will be scanned as they get older, to check for changes which indicate mental decline.Human brains naturally shrink with age, but scientists are increasingly recognising that obesity - already linked to conditions such as diabetes, cancer and heart disease - may also affect the onset and(36) _of brain ageing.In the study of people aged between 20 and 87, researchers looked at the(37) _of obesity on brain structure across the adult lifespan.Researchers divided the groups into two categories: (38)_and overweight, depending on whether their BMI was above or below 25. They found(39) _differences in the volume of white matter. Overweight individuals had a widespread reduction in white matter compared with lean people.The team then calculated how white matter volume related to age across the two groups. They discovered that an overweight person at 50 had a(40) _white matter volume to a lean person aged 60.Researchers only observed these differences from middle-age onwards, suggesting that brains may be particularly vulnerable during this period of ageing.E D C H I K J B G F 易錯題分析：32. 根據(jù)標志詞brainsbrain structure詞性和句子意思可以判斷出是掃描大腦，所以用 scanned33. 根據(jù)標志詞Shrinkage of parts的提示，可以判斷出來這空填shrunk；35. 此處易錯主要是學生通常把decline看成動詞，忽略它的名詞的性質(zhì)，所以容易錯；40. 此處學生可能容易判斷錯詞性，把它當成缺乏副詞，所以容易寫錯，根據(jù)句子意思，這里是“50多的人比起60多歲的人，白質(zhì)相當多”可以判斷出來這空填comparable完型Language is hard. In fact, its infinitely harder and more complicated than math. And yet, nearly every small child can learn and master language. Why is math so overwhelming for so many students? And how high is the price we pay from having so many math- (41) _ or even math-illiterate people in our society? Too high, especially as the ability to grasp data and pursue advanced work that involves math is becoming increasingly(42) _ for both citizens and job applicants. But how many of us feel incapable, rather than poorly taught, when we are confronted with the rigors of math? How many children who struggled to grasp math concepts, who lacked the necessary tool kit, were led to feel stupid, even demeaned? Compare it to spoken or written language. When you make a mistake, a teacher corrects the part that is wrong. And then you(43) _. With math, if you dont have the correct result, it is typically treated as wrong. And, as mistake after mistake(44) _, too many students simply give up: I cant do math.But math is not about intelligence. Its a language that too many people never learn, often because the education process(45)_ the number of ways that a given person can arrive at a given solution.Thats not a failure of children to learn. Thats a failure of (46)_. Its a failure of the school. We should not blame the student. (These are children, after all.)Part of the challenge is to identify the gaps in knowledge, to (47)_ that the challenge is not that a student simply doesnt understand algebra or trigonometry or whatever. There may be a particular basic concept that stands(48)_of going forward in math, as well as other fields such as social science or engineering.Overcoming this block requires moving beyond broad industrialized education and to, (49)_ learning that allows students to find their own way in. Show me a thousand students and Ill show you a thousand (50)_ pathways that they might take to achieve math success.With new digital technologies and a massive amount of data collection and analytics, we have the ability to help students identify the essential concepts they dont understand. We have data on all the students that solved a particular math problem and those that failed to solve it. We also have data on the problems they were able to solve prior to that.So as a student recognizes that they are(51)_ with, say, negative number concepts, they can go back and master the materialto fill in the gaps that allows them to go forward. And when they hit another tough spot? They can jump to the problems that allow them to master that concept. The hope is that as they progress, their interest and enthusiasm(52)_.We are pursuing this approach at the university level. We also are seeking to incorporate this approach at the high school, middle school and elementary levels. This will make it possible for a growing number of students to pursue degrees and careers that they never thought.In the years ahead, that mindset, borne out of the failure of math instruction, should(53)_. If we can succeed at breaking down the (54)_ that theres something wrong with a 3rd grader who cannot learn mathrather than something wrong with the teaching processthen we can look forward to new generations of math-literate citizens. Whatever career they choose, they will be more confident and more capable to understand and contribute to an increasingly complex, (55)_ driven world.學語言真的很難。老實講，它比學數(shù)學要復雜得多，也困難得多。不過，幾乎所有的小孩子都能夠?qū)W習并且熟練掌握一門語言。那到底為什么數(shù)學會成為許多學生難以逾越的鴻溝呢？因為社會上這些“數(shù)學恐懼癥患者”，甚至是“數(shù)學盲”的存在，我們又得付出多大的代價呢？不用說，這代價簡直太大了，尤其是在當今社會，獲取數(shù)據(jù)和從事高難度工作越來越成為普通人和求職者的必備能力。問題一開始出在數(shù)學的抽象教學上。這就讓我們錯失大量數(shù)學知識，而這些知識是我們本身就具有的。我們知道如何去解決未知的東西，那么這就是代數(shù)。我們也知道用三維空間去思考這就是幾何學和三角學。這門數(shù)學語言其實就是我們思維方式的解析式。然而碰到數(shù)學難題的時候，我們當中有多少人只會覺得是自己無能，而不會歸因于教育問題？又有多少孩子絞盡腦汁地去記憶數(shù)學概念，卻因為缺少必要的學習工具，而覺得自己愚蠢之極，甚至變得妄自菲??？相比起來書面語或者口語，如果你犯了錯誤，老師就會對此進行更正，然后你可以再繼續(xù)。而數(shù)學就不一樣了，數(shù)學是如果你得不到正確答案，老師就會認定你做錯了。隨著錯誤不斷堆積，很多學生干脆破罐破摔，直接放棄了：我就是搞不懂數(shù)學。不過數(shù)學無關(guān)智力，而是一種許多人都未曾學習過的語言。很多時候就是因為教育過程不注重因材施教的方法，才會讓數(shù)學變得那么“難”。這不是孩子學習的失敗，而是教育的失敗，學校的失敗。我們不該責怪學生。（畢竟他們只是孩子而已）我們遇到的挑戰(zhàn)一部分是認清知識之間的缺口，以及明白這份挑戰(zhàn)不只是因為學生不懂代數(shù)或者三角學。有時候我們可能會遇到某一個基本概念，它不止阻礙我們步入數(shù)學的大門，也會影響我們通往其他領(lǐng)域的步伐，比如社會科學或者工程學。要克服這一困難，我們就必須得摒棄產(chǎn)業(yè)化教育，因材施教，這樣有助于學生找到自己的學習方法。給我1000個學生，我就能讓你看到拿下數(shù)學的1000種不同方法。有了新的數(shù)字科技、大量的數(shù)據(jù)收集和分析學，我們有能力幫學生記住一些他們原本并不理解的基本概念。我們收集的數(shù)據(jù)包括：對于某個特定的數(shù)學問題，能夠解決和不能解決的學生情況，以及在那之前他們能夠解決的問題。因此，當學生知道他們正在與，比如說負數(shù)概念艱難地做斗爭，可以回過頭去，掌握一些必須的材料，將知識的缺口填補完整，這樣就能繼續(xù)往前走。那以后又碰到難題該怎么辦？他們可以直接去解決一些特定問題，從中快速掌握該概念。我們希望，學生在進步的過程中，自己的興趣和熱情也能一起被提高。41. A. packed B. convinced C. controlled D. terrified42. A. strong B. huge C. important D. desirable43. A. proceed B. pause C. protest D. preview44. A. comes up B. covers up C. makes up D. builds up45. A. calculates B. missesC. estimates D. analyzes46. A. teaching B. communicating C. experimenting D. understanding47. A. interpret B. address C. clarify D. advocate48. A. in the process B. in the center C. in the stage D. in the way49. A. modernized B. revolutionized C. personalized D. commercialized50. A. different B. unique C. effective D. efficient51. A. going B. doing C. struggling D. concerning52. A. declines B. persists C. arouses D. increases53. A. inspired B. eliminated C. established D. challenged54. A. prediction B. assumption C. truth D. theory55. A. data B. power C. energy D. digit易錯題分析：47.這題的難點主要在于對四個詞的辨析：interpret 闡明，解釋；address對。致辭，演講；使清楚，說明； advocate倡導，提倡這句話的意思是：我們遇到的挑戰(zhàn)一部分是認清知識之間的缺口，以及明白這份挑戰(zhàn)不只是因為學生不懂代數(shù)或者三角學。所以答案為clarify53. 這句話的關(guān)鍵需要看懂句子意思：由于這種指導性的失敗應該要減少（消除）所以答案為B. eliminated55. 這句話主要意思是只有我們越來越有自信，有能力理解和貢獻與這個越來越復雜的受_驅(qū)使的世界，跟數(shù)學相關(guān)的當然是數(shù)據(jù)了，所以選data.閱讀理解B篇1.Electric cars are dirty. In fact, not only are they dirty, they might even be more dirty than their gasoline-powered cousins. People in California love to talk about “zero-emissions（排放）vehicles”, but people in California seem to be clueless about 2.where electricity comes from. Power plants most all use fire to make it. Apart from the few people who have their roofs covered with solar cells, we get our electricity from generators（發(fā)電機）. Generators are fueled by something-usually coal, oil, but also by heat generated in nuclear power plants. There are a few wind farms and geothermal（地熱） plants as well, but by far we get electricity mainly by burning something.In other words, those zero-emissions cars are likely coal-burning cars. Because the coal is burned somewhere else, it looks clean. It is not true. Its as if the California Greens are covering their eyes“If I cant see it, its not happening.” Gasoline is an incredibly efficient way to power a vehicle; a gallon of gas has a lot of energy in it. But when you take that gas（or another fuel）and first use it to make electricity, you waste a nice part of that energy, mostly in the form of wasted heat-at the generator, through the transmission lines, etc.A gallon of gas may drive your car 25 miles. But the electricity you get from that gallon of gas wont get you nearly as far - so electric cars burn more fuel than gasoline-powered ones. If our electricity came mostly from wind or geothermal, or solar, then an electric car truly would be clean. But for political, technical, and economic reasons, we dont use much of those energy sources. 3.In addition, electric cars batteries which are poisonous for a long time will eventually end up in a landfill. And finally, when cars are the polluters, the pollution is spread across all the roads. When its a power plant, though，all the junk is in one place. Nature is very good at cleaning up when things are not too concentrated, but it takes a lot longer when all the garbage is in one spot. 59.Whats the main idea of the passages? AElectric cars arent actually clean. BElectric cars are zero-emissions vehicles. CZero-emissions vehicles are popular. DGasoline-powered cars are more efficient.60.Which of the following words can replace “be clueless about” in Paragraph 2? ABe familiar with BBe curious about CFail to understand DShow their interest in61.In the authors opinion, compared with cars using gas, electric cars are more _. Aenvironmentally-friendly BexpensiveCefficient Dharmful62.It can be inferred from the passage that _.Aelectric cars batteries are poisonous for a long timeBnow electric cars are used more than their gasoline-powered cousinsCzero-emissions vehicles should be chosen to protect our environmentDelectric cars are not clean in that we get electricity mainly by burning somethingACDD 六選四EmpathyLast year, researchers from the University of Michigan reported that empathy, the ability to understand other people, among college students had dropped sharply over the past 10 years. 對于研究的結(jié)果，研究者接下來是對他的解釋，重點是B答案中的face time/ screen time 可以推斷出是人們產(chǎn)生共鳴變少的原因，所以答案為B(67)_Today, people spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs.Jennifer Freed, a co-director of a teen program, has another explanation. Turn on the TV, and youre showered with news and reality shows full of people fighting, competing, and generally treating one another with no respect. (68)_ There are good reasons not to follow those bad examples. Humans are socially related by nature. Having relationships with other people is an important part of being human-and having empathy is decisive to those relationships.Researchers have also found that empathetic teenagers are more likely to have high self-respect. Besides, empathy can be a cure for loneliness, sadness, anxiety, and fear.Empathy is also an indication of a good leader. In fact, Freed says, many top companies report that empathy is one of the most important things they look for in new managers. (69)_ Academics are important. But if you dont have emotional (情感的) intelligence, you wont be