外文文獻(xiàn)及翻譯.doc

SBR Method and progress of studyingSummary: Have introduced the preface criticizing type intermittence production ,development and characteristic of France of active mud (SBR), survey SBR is mixing speed DO, pH , between OPR and influence to deal with result , is it is it get rid of phosphorus mechanism and SBR and other craft deal with newest progress of sewage synthetically to nitrify instead to nitrify.Keyword: Criticizing type intermittence active mud law of the preface (SBR), Progress , ProspectThe process system of active mud , use the most extensive treatment technology in the field of sewage disposal at present. It is used in the sanitary sewage ,the treatment of municipal sewage and organism industrial sewage effectively, take measures to break through to traditional active mud technology only as second treatment technology tradition, can be as denitrification , tertiary treatment technology of getting rid of the phosphorus. SBR (sequencing batch reactor) law,namely preface criticize type intermittence active mud law, the active mud noticeable one active mud law to deal with new craft. It Japanese sewer association and American a few rich innovation meaning and strong waste water biological treatment technology one of of competitiveness that Environmental Protection Agency assess.1 characteristic and development1.1 Produce and developSBR craft has already been developed as far back as 1914, but because monitoring means lagged behind at that time, have not been popularized and applied . L.Irvine of U.S.A. carried on deep research to SBR craft in 1979, and Culver in Indiana state improved and put a SBR sewage treatment plant into operation in 1980. As too new-type to stop up the appearance which expose to the sun the angry device and software engineering that the computer controlled technology, various kindsof after this, is it dissolve oxygen measure apparatus , fluviograph high controlling economic water quality detection instrumenting to course precision online to develop at the same time, having managed and realized automation gradually in operation of the sewage treatment plant, in addition water quality ,craft are simple that SBR melts , dealing with the result steadily, shock-resistant load strength is strong, it is fine that water quality happens, operate flexible ,floor space advantage such as being little and become including U.S.A. , Germany ,Japan , Australia , adding ,etc. a lot of hot craft that industrially developed country research and develop competitively. Taking Australia as an example, it is up to nearly more than 600 to build up a sewage treatment plant which has adopted SBR craft in more than 10 years in the past.Middle period began the application study to SBR law in the 1980s in our country.1985, Shanghai Wusong meat is it is it is it stand to put our country into operation first SBR law sewage disposal to develop to unite, designing 2400t/ d of amount of water dealt with, the operation result is good. Already there are two large-and-middle-scale sewage treatment plants which adopt SBR craft in Kunming of Yunnan Province at present, it is in sound condition to run. The sewage treatment plant that Tianjin economic and technological development zone 100,000t/ d adopts SBR craft puts into operation recently too. According to studying the situation both at home and abroad, SBR law is a kind of high-efficient, economy, reliable waste water treatment method which is suitable for the national conditions of our country.1.2 Technological processMain reactor of the intermittence type active mud law, expose to the sun angry operation of pool it operates to be to flow into , react , precipitate , discharge and leave unused five processes not to make up. The sewage is according to the array in the reactor, enter each response process intermittently, each operation ,SBR of reactor operate at time arranging according to order that intermittence run too.Before not flowing into process implement , leave unused process treated sewage already discharge, expose to the sun the remaining active mud and mixture of the high density in the angry pool. When the sewage is run into and flowed into ,exposing to the sun the angry pool can play a role in regulating the pool , is it expose to the sun angry to can is it expose to the sun angry result in advance to make , can make mud regeneration to go on, resume its activation.The response process is main a process of SBR craft . Is it is it book volume to reach as sewage , can is it is it operate to react to begin to inject into,such as get rid of BOD , nitrify , absorption of phosphorus, and nitrify etc. instead . According to reflecting the degree that the need reaches, it is angry that the trace of carrying on short time is exposed to the sun, in order to blowand take off the bubble or nitrogen seized on the mud , so as to ensure the mashed of arranging goes on smoothly.Arranging the mud process, it is angry and mix that stop exposing to the sun, make the mixture in static state, mud not active and moisture from, in other words two times precipitate by function of pool. After precipitating on if surfacing, discharge dealing with liquid conduct, stay during exposing to the sun pool not angry mud that precipitate as kinds of mud, play the function of the backset current mud .Leaving the process unused, after dealing with and surfacing and discharging, the reactor stays cool, wait for the next cycle of operation. During this period, it is angry in order to the corruption of avoiding the mud that should expose to the sun disconnectedly and slightly . The active mud left unused is in the hunger state of the nutrient, so as the inflow process of entering next operation cycle, the active mud can give play to stronger ability of absorbing to strengthen and get rid of function . It is an important content in SBR craft to leave the processunused.1.3 Craft characteristic and subject matterSBR craft compares with active mud law of the continuous type , have the following advantage:(1) The technological process are simple, do not need to set up two and sinking the pool and mud backset current equipment separately , can be saved and sunk the pool for the first time under most situations.(2) The floor space is small, the fabrication cost is low; Especially the sewage disposal constant ordinary active mud law of the small town saves more than 30% of capital expenditure .(3) The nutriment gets rid of the result and denitrification phosphorus effectually.(4) The mud subsides of good performancly.(5) Adaptability is good, and easy maintenance management. The subject matter that SBR law exists is: It is complicated to operate , expect much to the automatic control;In addition own its technological process have determined the device utilization ratio of the equipment is low.2 studies progress2.1 Reactor DO expose to the sun the angry way2.1.1 Influence of DOReactor dissolve content of oxygen influence physiological activity of microorganism in the mud, thus influence the sewage disposal process, so DO contentlevel in the reactor is worth probing into very much. Jeill OH and J.Silverstein , to SBR reactor, DO suppresses and nitrifies function and carries on research instead, dissolves the research range of oxygen from 0.09 mg/ L- 5.6 mg/ L in the sewage ;Find low density very dissolve oxygen can suppress to nitrify function instead active mud finally, DO =0.09 At the mg/ L , nitrify speed can from large speed 0.0214 mg-NOx-N/ mg-MLSS/ h drop 35% of speed their to most instead. But point out at the same time , act as DO =5.6 Can is it nitrify function instead to observe still at the mg/ L, and according to experiment, to nitrify model revise instead.2.1.2 Mix the influence of the speedSuch persons as Drigues , Jose Alberto Domingues ,etc. have carried on research in mixing the way of inflating to mix, they deal with COD as the synthetic municipal sewage of 500 mg/ l by containing the particle mud reactor, dealing with cycle as 8 hours, handling capacity is 2.0 L. Mix research range of speed from 0 rev./ min75rev./ min , find to get rid of rate 8088 COD finally; Can get relatively good mud the time of staying in 50 rev./ min , does not destroy the particle and mud at the same time ; And use and mix the effective circulation that can increase the reactor to make total circulation time shorten. Experience equation and first class response dynamics model that they pointed out the remaining organic matter can be used for predicting that mix the impact on reactor of the speed.2.2 The mud expandsPerformance is good that the normal active mud subsides, the moisture content , about 99%, when the mud goes bad, the mud is difficult to precipitate, SVI value increases, mud is loosely organized and volume expansion, the moisture content rises, clarify the liquid rarly, the color changes differently, this has produced mud and expanded . Mud expands about 95% of problem relates to excessive hyperplasia of the silk form mushroom in water treatment, it is silk form fungus that is it combine water content gather high viscidity that thing causes expand more outside the high afterbirth generally to expand. SBR value generally relatively low SVI have, difficult to present question of expanding, can prevent from either sometimes.ShuYing Wang people utilize petrochemical industry waste water study silk formfungus expand relation in organic load among the reactor in SBR, point out when dissolve oxygen (DO) sufficiently in the reactor , low organic load is apt to cause the mud to expand , improve the control that organic load can be effective and expand ;Under the high load , cause reason that mud expand often insufficient DO , improveDO density can make mud is it control to expand, this result has explained too theessence reason why the mud expands happens in high organic load.ChunDi Gao ,etc. utilize beer waste water study nitrogen lack cause silk form fungus expand the problem, find the density of different organic matter and terms of ratio(counts with BOD/ N) of the total nitrogen are influential for active mud to expand in entering water, point out that is entering water BOD/ N =100/ Under4 conditions, the performance of subsiding of the mud is good, entering water BOD/N =100/ 3 and BOD/ N =100/ One oclock, take place by to fungus glue group excessive to grow cause that silk form mushroom expand viscidity have high moisture content, entering water BOD/ N =100/ Under 0.94 conditions, it is the most serious that it was not silk form mushroom that took place to expand.2.3 pH、ORPThe physiological activity of the microorganism and sour alkali degree (the density of hydrogen and ion) of the environment are closely related with, the density of hydrogen and ion can influence the electric charge nature on the membrane of microorganisms cytoplasm . Electric charge nature changes, microorganisms cells function of absorbing the nutriment will change too, thus exert a bad influence on the physiological activity of the microorganism .Gao JingFeng ,etc. that the person nitrified in order to realize SBR law instead control onlinly and fuzzily , such change characteristics while the organic matter gets rid of and nitrifies , nitrify instead as research pH and ORP ,etc. The change of pH draws : (1) While the organic matter gets rid of, pH presents the phenomenon(2) of rising by a wide margin when the organic matter gets rid of finishing , pH stopped rising, the ones that nitrified and reacted were dropping to and reflecting that is over constantly pH at the same time, and then pH suddenly rose or remained unchanged fast.(3) In the course of nitrifying instead, pH is rising until nitrifying and finishing presenting turning point instead constantly, then drop continuously , point out and nitrify instead and has already been over. To ORP, carry on ORP is it is it drop to moderate to show as with nitrify instead, unexpected decrease speed while nitrifying finishing instead increase appear the flex point.In a word, no matter which kind of carbon source does it use and is it invest with carbon source way and how prove PH and ORP have characteristic is it appear to order while nitrifying finishing instead quantity to admit, can judge through difference of speed that pH rise carbon source sufficient , adjust and control carbon source throw and adding.2.4 Study on nitrify , nitrify instead and dephosphorization2.4.1 Getting rid of the result and operation condition of the nitrogen , phosphorusNitrogen one important index, water of pollution control, SBR law can degradation situation , bottom of thing change time of reacting in a flexible way according to reactor, thus realize it with oxygen with meagre oxygen , good of the pool conveniently, the biological denitrification result is good. JianHui Sun ,etc. adopt with meagre oxygen / good craft, SBR of oxygen, to carry on research with inferior ammonium law denitrification , papermaking of waste water. The ones that found SRT , NH3- N influenced total nitrogen were got rid of, and CODcr density is 12001800 mg/ L as entering the water, NH3- N density is 135 200 mg/ L, whether Nox-N density to at the 710 mg/ L , propose best to operate terms. It is the with meagre oxygen, fine than for1:1 of oxygen time.5,one cycle for 8 h; As without and the carbon source, to get rid of rate 66% , throw second of adding after the sour sodium total nitrogen, to get rid of rate can rise to 85% total nitrogen.Reactor mud particle get rid of phosphorus characteristic receive waste water water quality , operation parameter and environmental factor ,etc. influence generally. Lu RanChao , etc. find through the experiment :(1) Sewage higher C/ N than or than with lower mud get rid of phosphorus to be favorable to living beings age in COD/ TN.(2) Enter the water proper nitrogen content or TN/ TP than is it get rid of phosphorus result and main factor , mud of particle to influence.(3) Shorter mud is favorable to getting rid of phosphorus function age , the too short difficult denitrification effectively of age of mud .(4) Temperature is reduced, having nitrifying function sourly and instead and is suppressed of the fermented mushroom, the nitrate is dense in the reactor, influence the reactor to get rid of phosphorus ability, get rid of phosphorus efficiency to drop. But he other operation parameter to fine oxygen forming of particle , for example dissolve oxygen , pH value , detest good oxygen replace time ,etc. correctly, have not studied further .2.4.2 Mud age (biological solid average the time of staying)The mud is pointed and exposed to the sun the active mud total amount and proportion of amount of mud discharged of every day in the angry pool age . Namely active average the time of staying in exposing to the sun angry pool such as mud, because their call biological average the time of staying such as solid also. The mud is the process system of active mud age to design the important parameter operated, there are important meanings too in theory. Kargi people study different the time of staying (whether Kargi people study different the time of staying (whether from one day, divide 6 stages into), the reactor opposes and gets rid of the result to various kinds of nutriment, thus fixed mud the time of staying to COD, nitrogen and phosphate , nitrogen of ammonia and attitude of nitre get rid of result and best age such as mud for can reach most heavy COD , ammonia nitrogen , result of getting rid of of phosphate while being about one day, include: 94%, 84%, 70%. Find it is 10 weather age in the mud at the same time , SVI value is minimum .2.4.3 Study on carbon sourceSome report as the glucose is regarded as the only carbon source , the living beings cant be finished while getting rid of phosphorus function , reason detest oxygen without straight phosphate release under the terms, but advantage bacterial can accumulate large phosphate and absorb the glucose . But Jeon, Che Ok and Park, Jong Moon, through throwing in the glucose with 13C mark in the course of experiment, analyse with the nuclear magnetic resonance (spectrum) the track of showing finds , even when the grape is regarded as the only carbon source , the living beings get rid of phosphorus function and follow the mechanism completely different from reporting at present; In two kinds of fungus group at least: Producing the lactic acid fungus and the function of gathering the phosphorus fungus can be finished. With the consumption of the glucose in this course, the glycogen quality is accumulated rapidly. But release of the straight phosphate and the relating to density of the total organic carbon but correlate with density of the glucosessynthetically of PHAs. The phosphate is released and proportional to pH value. Quantity that the quantity of formating PHAs should be smaller than the glucose to increase, because glucose produce LPO lactic acid fungus turn into other storage material (might for lactic acid particle) is it gather. At the stage with meager oxygen, but also the absorbing of phosphate takes place by the supersession in the materials of PHAs and storage in the cell. Among SBR, glucose as only carbon source, PHAs synthetic and phosphate it gets rid of to be possible supersession route.Louzeiro, Nuno R. Mavinic,etc. for while confirming using methyl alcohol as and carbon source of SBR reactor, have carried on a series of experiments to the influence of nitrifying the potentiality with the dephosphorization instead . They find: The ones that added methyl alcohol can observe two kinds nitrify the speed instead ; The reaction speed slows down gradually afterwards very fast when being initial. The fast stage when initial nitrifies the speed to increase with increase of the density of the methyl alcohol instead ; With consumption of methyl alcohol , nitrify fu