介詞加關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句.doc

“介詞 + which / whom”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，是定語(yǔ)從句一種介詞前置的定語(yǔ)從句句型，介詞與關(guān)系代詞之間存在一種介賓關(guān)系。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，把介詞置于關(guān)系代詞前，即演變出“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”句型。例如： The man who/whom /that you spoke to is a teacher. =The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.一、基本構(gòu)成 1.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞只能用which（指物）或whom(指人) ，即：介詞+which/whom。 （1）The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.（2）The city in which she lives is far away.（3）The little girl is reading a book,in which there are many cartoons.注意：當(dāng)介詞放在關(guān)系代詞的前面時(shí)，用在介詞后的關(guān)系代詞不能省略。 2.在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)介詞置于定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后時(shí)，可用that/which(指物)；that/who/whom（指人）作介詞的賓語(yǔ).且此處關(guān)系代詞可以省略，特別是在口語(yǔ)中。如： （1) The man (who/whom /that )you spoke to is a teacher.（2）The city（which/that）she lives in is far away.注：通常介詞放在定語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞后，也可以放在關(guān)系代詞前面，但有些特殊動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)搭配不能拆分，介詞只能放在動(dòng)詞后，如： look for, look after, pay attention to ,take care of , look forward to, listen to等。This is the pen that / which you are looking for.The patient whom she is looking after is her father. The words that /which we should pay attention to are written on the blackboard.There are fifty patients who/whom/that we must take good care of.練習(xí)：這些句子對(duì)嗎? (1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (2) The man(who/that) you talked with is my friend. (3) The man with who/that you talked is my friend. (4) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (5) The plane in that we flew to Canada is very comfortable. 2、 關(guān)系副詞when，where，why可用“介詞which”來(lái)代替。關(guān)系副詞實(shí)際上是介詞先行詞。其中when=表時(shí)間的介詞（如：in，at,during等）+which；Where=表地點(diǎn)的介詞（如：in，at,on,under等）+which；Why=表原因的介詞（如：for）+which (1)當(dāng)先行詞表示時(shí)間，定語(yǔ)從句中缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)，此時(shí)也可選用表示時(shí)間的介詞which來(lái)代替關(guān)系副詞when。 I still remember the day when I came here. ( on the day =when) (2)當(dāng)先行詞表示地點(diǎn)，定語(yǔ)從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)，此時(shí)也可選用表示地點(diǎn)的介詞which來(lái)代替關(guān)系副詞where。 This is the house where I lived last year. ( in the house= where) (3)當(dāng)先行詞為reason，定語(yǔ)從句中缺少表示原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo)，此時(shí)也可以用for which來(lái)代替關(guān)系副詞why。 There are many reasons why people like traveling. (for the reasons =why)3、 關(guān)系代詞前介詞選擇三原則：一先，二動(dòng)，三意義（重中之重）1.一先，即根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中介詞與先行詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇。I never forget the day on which I came to this school. (on the day)2. 二動(dòng)，即根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇。This is the iPad on which I spent 3000 yuan. (spend money on sth.)3.三意義，即根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句的意義來(lái)確定介詞。This is my pair of glasses, _without which_I cannot see clearly.例題：用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的形式表示1.Do you like the book _ she learned a lot? 2. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.3. The tower _ people can have a good view is on the hill.注意：介詞+關(guān)系代詞1）介詞后面的關(guān)系代詞不能省略。2）that前不能有介詞。3）某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語(yǔ)的介詞+關(guān)系詞結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when,where和why互換。練習(xí): 1. He was educated at a local grammar school, _ he went on to Cambridge. （05山東卷）A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this 2.She was educated at Beijing University, _ she went on to have her advanced study abroad. （06陜西卷） A. after thatB. from that C. from whichD. after which 3.Gun control is a subject _Americans have argued for a long time. (09陜西 A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which4.Wind power is an ancient source of energy _we may return in the near future. A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which5.The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people ,many of _left their village homes for a better life in the city.(10浙卷)A.whom B.which C.them D.whose6.The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success. （04全國(guó)I） A for which B at which C in which D on which7. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _ the s ailing time was 226 days. （04廣西）A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which8. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes _ people were eaten by the tiger. (05廣東卷)A. in which B. by which C. which D. that 9. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _had taken more than three years. （11江西卷）A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which10.The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be _ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. (05江蘇卷) A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which 11.Eric received training in the computer for one year,_he found a job in a big company.A. after that B.after which C.after it D.after this 12.Villagers here depend on the fishing industry,_there wont be much work.A. where B.that C.by which D.without which 13.Last week,only two people came to look at the house,_wanted to buy it.A.none of them B.both of them C.none of whom D.neither of whom 14. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5：30 pm_，many people have gone home. A. whose time B.that C.on which D.by which time 15.Whenever I met her, _was fairly often,she greeted me with a sweet smile.(09山東)A.who B.which C.when D.that 16.She brought with her three friends,none of _I had ever met before. (09海南)A. them B.who C.whom D.these 17.Many children, _parents are away working in big cities,are taken good care of in the village. (09安徽） A.their B.whose C.of them D.with whom 18.I was born in New Orleans, Loui