【語法講解】英語Unit2Englisharoundtheworld1.doc

【語法講解】英語Unit 2 English around the world名詞知識清單一、名詞作定語1名詞作定語往往說明被修飾詞的材料、用途、時間、地點、內(nèi)容、類別等。常用其單數(shù)形式，有些常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞作定語仍然用復(fù)數(shù)形式。作定語的名詞可以是有生命的，也可以是無生命的；可以是可數(shù)的，也可以是不可數(shù)的，這類名詞一般沒有與之相對應(yīng)的同根形容詞。二、名詞的修飾語2只修飾可數(shù)名詞的修飾語：few很少幾個，幾乎沒有a few幾個several幾個 many很多many a很多 a number of若干a couple of兩個，幾個 more than one不止一個quite a few相當(dāng)多 a great/good many很多3只修飾不可數(shù)名詞的修飾語：little很少，幾乎沒有 a little一些much很多 a good/great deal of很多a bit of一點 a large amount of大量的4修飾可數(shù)、不可數(shù)名詞均可的修飾語：some一些 most大多數(shù)的a lot of很多 lots of很多enough足夠的 plenty of充足的a mass of大量的 masses of大量的quantities of大量的 a quantity of大量的the rest剩下的 all全部的三、名詞的所有格5表示所有關(guān)系一般用s所有格，但表示無生命的名詞的所有關(guān)系一般用of所有格的形式。6雙重所有格的構(gòu)成：“名詞ofs所有格”或“名詞of名詞性物主代詞”。7表示時間、距離、國家、城市、團體、機構(gòu)等名詞的所有格，直接加“s”。8在表示“某人家”、“店鋪”的名詞的所有格s后，一般省略它所修飾的名詞。9若一樣?xùn)|西為兩者或多者共有，只在最后一個名詞后加“s”；若是各自所有，則在每個名詞后都要加“s”。四、名詞的數(shù)10以“輔音字母o”結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)，在詞尾加es；以f或fe結(jié)尾的，把f或fe改為v加es或直接加s。11中間有連字符或間隔的復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時，將主要名詞變復(fù)數(shù)。12由man, woman作為第一部分的復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時，將兩部分皆變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。13具有兩種復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞，如people指人時是集體名詞，只有復(fù)數(shù)形式，指“民族”時，單數(shù)是people，復(fù)數(shù)是peoples，類似的還有fish, penny等。14物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞的復(fù)數(shù)常借助單位量詞的復(fù)數(shù)來實現(xiàn)。15“數(shù)詞名詞”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞中，名詞要用單數(shù)形式。五、名詞詞義辨析16名詞同義詞、近義詞的辨析要通過具體的語境進行分析、運用，是高考的熱點和難點。excuse, cause, reason的區(qū)別excuse多指為免受指責(zé)或推卸責(zé)任而找出的理由；cause是指引起某種結(jié)果的必然原因；reason用于解釋某些已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情的理由或借口，強調(diào)邏輯推理方面的理由。power, force, energy, strength的區(qū)別power主要指一個人的能力、功能、人或事物潛在或所能發(fā)揮出來的力量、職權(quán)、權(quán)力或政權(quán)；force主要指自然界的力量、暴力、勢力以及法律、道德或感情的力量等；energy主要指人的精力、活力或自然界的能量；strength主要指人的力氣或事物的強度。situation, state, condition, occasion的區(qū)別situation主要是指各種情況之間的相互關(guān)系，強調(diào)相互之間的聯(lián)系和影響；state主要強調(diào)人或物在特定時間內(nèi)具有的特征和所處的環(huán)境(強調(diào)客觀狀態(tài))。只有單數(shù)形式，常與不定冠詞連用，說明只有某一種狀態(tài)或狀況；其前要用介詞in；condition與state相近，但含有“與周圍環(huán)境有關(guān)”之意，可以用復(fù)數(shù)形式；occasion時間性較強，表示某個時間里的狀況。專題專練1.It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park. It was _ journey.Athree hourBa threehoursCa threehour Dthree hours答案：C解析：復(fù)合形容詞中名詞用單數(shù)形式。2Those who suffer from headache will find they get _ from this medicine.Arelief BsafetyCdefense Dshelter答案：A解析：考查名詞。relief(痛苦等)緩解，符合語意：那些頭痛的人將發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的病情將從這種藥上得到緩解。safety安全；defense防御；shelter保護。3I havent seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond _.Ahearing BstrengthCrecognition Dmeasure答案：C解析：考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)前一分句的內(nèi)容可知她變得讓人“辨認”不出來了。4James took the magazines off the little table to make _ for the television.Aroom BareaCfield Dposition答案：A解析：考查短語。make room for是固定詞組，表示“給讓出空地方”。5Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving licence reached 200,000, a(n)_of 40,000 per year.Aaverage BnumberCamount Dquantity答案：A解析：考查名詞辨析。句意：去年考過駕照的考生人數(shù)達到了20萬，平均每年4萬。an average of平均是。6The _ shoes were covered with mud，so I asked them to take them off before they got into_car.Agirls；Toms Bgirls；TomsCgirls；Toms Dgirls；Toms答案：C解析：考查名詞所有格。根據(jù)后半句中的I asked them可知是多個女孩，所以第一個空格處用girls；后一個空格處是單數(shù)概念，用Toms。7He doesnt have_furniture in his roomjust an old desk.Aany BmanyCsome Dmuch答案：D解析：考查限定詞。根據(jù)后文的just an old desk可知他家里的家具很少，而furniture為不可數(shù)名詞，故選D。8I hear_boys in your school like playing football in their spare time，though others prefer basketball.Aquite a lot Bquite a fewCquite a bit Dquite a little答案：B解析：該題需要選擇一個可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)boys的修飾語。A項quite a lot和C項不能修飾名詞，應(yīng)該使用加上of的a lot of或a bit of結(jié)構(gòu)修飾名詞。而D項quite a little只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞，只有quite a few可以修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，表示“相當(dāng)多的”；因此選擇B。9We always keep_spare paper，in case we run out.Atoo much Ba number ofCplenty of Da good many答案：C解析：測試表示數(shù)量的短語用法。a number of和a good many許多，只能修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。因為paper是不可數(shù)名詞，所以排除B、D兩項，too much太多的，修飾不可數(shù)名詞，但不符合句意，故排除。plenty of足夠的，既可修飾可數(shù)名詞也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞，句意為“我們總是留足夠的紙，以防用完?！?0The _ is just around the corner and you wont miss it.Abicycles shop Bbicycle shopCbicycles shop Dbicycles shop答案：B解析：bicycle作定語修飾shop，表類別。11The village is far away from here indeed.Its_walk.Aa four hour Ba four hoursCa fourhours Da four hours答案：D解析：表示多長時間的路程，用所有格形式。12Several _ have been made on the 99yearold ladys life but all in vain.Aplans BdecisionsCmethods Dattempts答案：D解析：語意：幾次嘗試想挽救這位99歲老婦人的生命，但最終還是徒勞。注意語境中的but all in vain。attempt努力，嘗試；plan計劃；method方法；decision決定。13The bus crash in Shenzhen resulted in 26 injured last week and it caused 19 _.Adie BdeathsCdying Ddied答案：B解析：deaths表示死亡人數(shù)，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。14If you buy more than ten, they knock 20 pence off_.Aa price BpriceCthe price Dprices答案：C解析：本題考查冠詞和名詞。全句合理句意應(yīng)是：如果你買超過10個，他們從(現(xiàn)在標(biāo)出的)價格上減價20便士。此處價格是特指的定價，所以C項最佳。15The computer system crashed and I lost _ of work.Athree hours worth Bthree hours worthCthree hours worthy Dthree hours worthy答案：B解析：worth作名詞時，意為“價值；財產(chǎn)”，作形容詞意為“值錢的”；worthy作名詞意為“杰出人物”，作形容詞意為“值得的；相稱的”。根據(jù)語境知，電腦系統(tǒng)的癱瘓使我失去了三個小時的工作價值。故排除C和D；three hours表“三小時”，表示時間、距離、金額等的名詞的所有格用s表示。故B項正確。16They had to do so much walking after their car broke down on the way to the village yesterday that their _ are still aching now.Alegs muscle Blegss muscleCleg muscles Dlegs muscles答案：C解析：名詞作定語一般用單數(shù)。又如：a shoe factory; a letter box等。17Can I help you, sir?Yes, whats the price of the apple?Ninetyseven _ per kilogram.Apences BpenceCpenny Dpennys答案：B解析：penny“便士”的復(fù)數(shù)形式有兩種：用pence表示錢的數(shù)額；用pennies表示硬幣的“個數(shù)”，即“幾個便士”。18On the way, they fired on settlers houses and stole about twenty _ and six horses.Acattles Bhead of cattlesChead of cattle Dheads of cattle答案：C解析：head表示“(牲畜)頭數(shù)”時，單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式相同；cattle是牛的總稱，是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，其后不加s。19We are _ and they are _.AEnglishmen; Germans BEnglishmen; GermanCEnglishman; Germans DEnglishmen; Germen答案：A解析：句意：我們是英國人，他們是德國人。Englishman的復(fù)數(shù)形式為Englishmen, German的復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans。20He doesnt like having _ for supper.Achick BchickenCchickens Dchicks答案：B解析：句意：他晚餐時不喜歡吃雞肉。chicken作“雞肉”講時，為不可數(shù)名詞。chick意為“小雞”，故選B項。21British government often says that providing children with _ to the information super highway is of great importance.Aprevention BprotectionCallowance Daccess答案：D解析： access to意為“通往的方法，通路”。A、B兩項常與from搭配使用；allowance常與for搭配。22What do you think of the dinner in Mr. Browns?Oh, great！We have never had a better one. Its a dinner of twenty _.Adrinks BpeopleCtables Dcourses答案：D解析：course有多種含義，除表示“課程；步驟；飛機航向”外，還可意為“一道菜(如湯，點心)”等。23One day Marys mother told her best friend of all her _.Ahope and fear Bhope and fearsChopes and fears Dhopes and fear答案：C解析：表示人或物的特性、情感、情緒的抽象名詞表示具體事物時，可用作可數(shù)名詞，有單復(fù)數(shù)變化。24He left _ with my secretary that he would call again in the afternoon. He said he would keep _.Awords; his words Bword; his wordCword; word Dthe word; his word答案：B解析：word意為“口信，信息”時為不可數(shù)名詞，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，前面也不用加任何冠詞；keep ones word為固定短語，表示“遵守諾言”。25This shop sells _ clothing.Achilds and womans Bchildren and womensCchildrens and women Dchildrens and womens答案：D解析：這里表示“童裝”和“女裝”這兩種類型的服裝，所以要用兩個所有格表示。26Its getting dark earlier than before, isnt it?Yes. I think so. I see _ is already on.Athe streets light Bthe light of the streetCthe streets light Dthe street light答案：D解析：“路燈”是由表示“作用、用途”的名詞street用作限定詞修飾light組成的，應(yīng)直接用作定語。該類名詞用作定語時不需s或of構(gòu)成短語。27Where did you two have your _ exam