主謂一致公開課教案VIP

主謂一致授課教案教師：柴 學生：12高考電子 時間：2015年 1 月 9 日 第三課一、教學目標與重、難點分析：教學目標：主謂一致在英語語法上的重要性，要求高中生必須準確的掌握它的正確形式，還有主謂一致（意義一致，語法一致和鄰近原則）三種原則的技巧和變通重、難點：數(shù)詞和主謂一致連用的混淆二、授課內容： 課題：英語語法主謂一致【知識梳理】定義：在英語中，句子的主語和謂語動詞要保持數(shù)上的一致關系，叫主謂一致。這種關系通常要遵循下面三條原則：語法一致原則，意義一致原則，鄰近原則?！局攸c講解】鄰近原則(一).就前一致: (即謂語動詞與前面的中心詞一致)名詞 A + + 名詞 B 這樣的結構做主語，謂語動詞僅與 A 一致。 1.Mary, together with her parents, _（ like)basketball. 2.The teacher as well as her students _(be) fond of popular music very much. 3. All but Tom _(pass) the exam 4.He, rather than you, _(win the game) (二).就后一致: (即謂語動詞與后面的中心詞一致) + 名詞 作主語時， 謂語動詞取決于后面名詞的數(shù) 1.One third of the students in our class_ (be) boys. 2.Seventy percent of the surface of the earth _ (be) covered with / by water. 3.Half of the money _ (use) by Tom.4.Some students are studying in the classroom, while the rest _ enjoying the performances. or eitherorneither.no not but not onlybut alsoThere be (三) 就近一致：連接的詞作主語，謂語動詞與最鄰近的主語一致1._ (be) you or he to attend tomorrows meeting? 2.Either you or he _ (be) the winner. 3.Neither Mary nor her parents _(go) in for rock music. 4.There _ (be) a pen and some books on the table.【難點講解】1.集合名詞如 family, team, class, group, population 作主語, 如果作為一個整體看待, 謂語用單數(shù). 如果指集體里每一個成員,謂語用復數(shù). 1.Our class _ a big one. Our class _ fond of music. 2. The population of China _ far larger than that of Japan. Eighty percent of the population in China _ farmers3. What we need _ hard work. What we need _ suitable materials. 4. Such _ what he told me. Such _ his words. 5. The following _ his advice on learning English. The following _ some tipsto learn English2. 單復 數(shù)同形的詞如 sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese, means(方法,手段), works(著作, 工廠) 作主語, 謂語動詞應根據(jù)上下文取決單復數(shù). 1.Every means _ been tried to solve the problem. All means _ been tried to solve the problem. 2.There _（be） a newly- built chemical works.3.一些總是以復數(shù)出現(xiàn), 成雙成對的事物如 trousers, shoes, glasses, gloves 等 如果單獨出現(xiàn), 謂語用復數(shù),如果前面有 a / this / that pair of 修飾, 謂語用單數(shù). 1.The trousers _（be） mine. This pair of trousers _（be）mine. 2. Apples of this kind _ (sell) well. This kind of apples _(sell) well.4. 1. A number of people _(own) cars now. 2.The number of people who own cars _ (increase)every year.5. 1. A singer and dancer _ (have) been invited to the party. 2. A singer and a dancer _(have) been invited to the party.6.1. Tom is one of the worker who_(be) fired by the company last week. 2. Tom is the only one of the workers who _(be) fired by the company last week四除了就近原則外，還有一些特殊的情況需要注意： 1表示時間、重量、數(shù)目、價格、長度、數(shù)學運算等的詞或詞組作主語時，盡管它們是復數(shù)形式，但如果把這些復數(shù)形式的詞或詞組看作是一個整體，謂語動詞就用單數(shù)形式。如： Three weeks is a short time三個星期是很短的時間。 2動詞不定式、動名詞、從句或不可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如： To see is to believe眼見為實。 It is not easy to master a foreign language要掌握一門外語是不容易的。 3由and連接兩個單詞作主語時，要看其表示的意義來決定謂語動詞用單數(shù)還是用復數(shù)形式。如果表示的是一個整體的概念或指的是同一事物，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；如果表示的是兩個不同的對象時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。如： Danish bacon and egg makes a good meal丹麥咸肉燉蛋成了一頓美餐。（咸肉燉蛋看作一道菜肴。） the writer and the teacher are coming作家和老師走來了。（作家和老師是兩個人。） 4集合名詞people（人、人民），police一般看作復數(shù)意義，謂語動詞要用復數(shù)形式。另外一些集合名詞，如family，enemy，class， population，army等作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式還是復數(shù)形式，要根據(jù)這些詞在句中的實際含義而定。當它們表示的是整體意義時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；當它們強調或著重指個體成員時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。如： Are there any police around？附近有警察嗎？ there were few people present出席的人寥寥無幾。 5名詞性物主代詞mine，yours，his，hers，its，ours，theirs等作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)取決于該動詞后面名詞的數(shù)，動詞后面的名詞是單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；動詞后面名詞為復數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。如： His is a new bike他的是一輛新自行車。 6many a意為“許多”，但因后面跟的是單數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞應用單數(shù)形式。如： Many a person has had that kind of experience許多人都有過這種經(jīng)歷。規(guī)則1：主語是（wh-詞+）to do，doing和主語從句；主語是some, any, no, every構成的不定代詞；主語是表示單位數(shù)量的時間、距離、金錢、重量等名詞；主語是復數(shù)形式的學科名詞physics, politics或國家名the United States等，或書名、名人名言等句子謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。規(guī)則2：主語是成雙成套的名詞shoes, trousers, stockings, glasses等；主語是集體名詞people, cattle, police (人們、牛、警察)；主語是“the+形容詞”表一類人或物，或“the+姓氏復數(shù)”表一家人句子謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。規(guī)則3：主語是集合名詞family, team, class, crowd, government, enemy, audience等時：強調整體（譯為家庭、班級、政府等整體單位），句子謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；強調個體（譯為家人們、同學們、隊員們等個體成員），句子謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。規(guī)則4：主語是and連接的兩個并列部分（標志通常是有兩個冠詞a/an/the），句子謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式；若and連接的兩個部分指同一人、物、事件或概念時（標志通常是只有一個冠詞a/an/the），句子謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。規(guī)則5：定語從句謂語動詞單復數(shù)由其主語決定：主語為單，從句謂語動詞形式為單，主語為復，從句謂語動詞形式為復。規(guī)則6：“as/like/as well as/with/together with/along with/except/but/other than/besides/rather than/including+名詞”只是一個介賓短語作修飾語，對真正的主語和謂語動詞形式無影響。規(guī)則7： “one of+名詞” 做主語，表“其中之一”，其中的“of+名詞”也只是一個of的介賓短語作修飾語，對真正的主語one和謂語動詞形式也不產(chǎn)生影響?！皌he only one of +復數(shù)名詞”為先行詞時，定語從句修飾的是the only one，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；“one of+復數(shù)名詞”為先行詞時，定語從句修飾的是復數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。規(guī)則8：every, each, many a/an, more than one等修飾主語時，句子謂語動詞形式用單數(shù)。但each用作同位語時，對謂語動詞形式不產(chǎn)生影響。規(guī)則9：“none/neither/all (+of+名詞/代詞)”作主語，謂語動詞可單可復，要看句意偏向。規(guī)則10：“many/a great many/few/a few/dozens of/scores of+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)”作主語，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。 “much/little/a little/ a good deal of/a bit of +不可數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 “half/most/all/part/some/lots/plenty/the rest/分數(shù)/百分數(shù)+of+名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞單復數(shù)由of后的名詞決定； “the number of+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)”作主語，中心詞是the number，故謂語動詞用單數(shù)；“a number of+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)”作主語，中心詞是可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)，故謂語動詞用復數(shù)。 “amount of+不可數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語動詞形式由amount決定，用單數(shù)；“amounts of+不可數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語動詞形式由amounts決定，用復數(shù)。 “a large quantity of +名詞”作主語，謂語動詞形式可以由quantity決定，只用單數(shù)；也可由of后所跟名詞決定，單復均可?！發(fā)arge quantities of+名詞”作主語，謂語動詞形式由quantities決定，只用復數(shù)。 “a pair of/2 pairs of +名詞”這樣的短語作主語時，謂語動詞形式由pair或pairs決定。規(guī)則11： or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut, th