中考英語(yǔ)短文填空解題技巧

短文填空解題技巧一、解題基本步驟（一）跳過(guò)空格，不看選項(xiàng)，快速地閱讀全文，從整體上感知全文，掌握大意。注意：重視首尾句；記敘文抓故事性文章的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事物。 （二） 復(fù)讀短文，確定語(yǔ)義，判斷詞形。先易后難 易：固定詞組、常見(jiàn)句型或明顯的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu) 難：名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞，注意聯(lián)系上下文（三）三讀短文，上下參照，驗(yàn)證答案。內(nèi)容：上、下文內(nèi)容是否協(xié)調(diào)一致、順理成章。語(yǔ)法：語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)是否正確無(wú)誤。2、 具體解題技巧（一）考慮該空填什么詞性1、名詞：?jiǎn)螐?fù)數(shù)形式, 所有格的用法表示某一事物，有具體的和抽象的之分。分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。強(qiáng)調(diào)：不可數(shù)名詞都默認(rèn)為單數(shù)，所以總是用is或者was；最好不要根據(jù)some、any、a lot of等詞去作判斷，以免受誤導(dǎo)。1）可數(shù)名詞如何變“復(fù)數(shù)形式”：a一般情況下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 。b以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 。c以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries。d以“f或fe”結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives ，thief-thieves。e以“o”結(jié)尾的詞，一般直接加s，mango除外：mango-mangoes。f不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, snowman-snowmen, mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese2） 不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)。如果要計(jì)算不可數(shù)名詞所表達(dá)的數(shù)量，就得在數(shù)詞和不可數(shù)名詞之間加上“量詞+of”。例如：a glass of water, a piece of paper, a bottle of juice2、 形容詞、副詞：比較等級(jí)的用法形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)的規(guī)則變化如下：（1）一般直接+er。如：tall - taller, fast - faster 單音節(jié)詞如果以-e結(jié)尾，只加-r。如：late - later（2）重讀閉音節(jié)詞如末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，須雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)字母，再加-er。如：big - bigger, fat - fatter（3）以輔音字母加-y結(jié)尾的詞，變y為i，再加-er。如：heavy - heavier, early - earlier（4）雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞的比較級(jí)應(yīng)在原級(jí)前加more構(gòu)成。如：beautiful - more beautiful, careful - more careful, quietly - more quietly, interesting - more interesting（5） 有些不規(guī)則變化的，須逐一加以記憶。如：good/well better, bad/ill worse, many/much more, far farther/further, old older/elderOne of the 84 differences between Chinese restaurants and western ones is thatI thought I was the _78_ unlucky person in the world.3、代詞：?jiǎn)螐?fù)數(shù)、人稱(chēng)代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、 關(guān)系代詞、 不定代詞等的用法關(guān)系代詞 which 、that、who、whom 、what、when、while、how反身代詞 myself、yourself, themselves、ourselves 指示代詞 this、that、those、these 不定代詞 some，any，all ，none，both，either，neither，each， every，other，another，much，many，few，little，oneabout 350 million Chinese smoke. Among 79 , 50 million are teenagers. Whenever I got angry or sad, he would help _82_ to cool down.Here are some ideas about 77 to eat healthily. In a western restaurant，each person usually asks for their 82 food or dishes and eats 83 they ask forMost American parents let their sons or daughters make friends by 85 .American like to spend 79 than they have.I believe you can find 86 other ways besides these.4、連詞：并列與從屬連詞的用法1）從屬連詞：引導(dǎo)從句。隨著從句作用不同，它們又可分為幾類(lèi)：時(shí)間從句 when, while, as, before, after, until, till, whenever 條件從句 if, unless, supposing, provided(ing), suppose, 目的從句 in order that, so that, that, so, lest, 結(jié)果從句 sothat, suchthat, so that, so 原因從句 because, as, since 讓步從句 although, though, even th