中考英語閱讀理解解題技巧PPT課件

-,1,中考英語閱讀理解解題技巧,資中一中王桂華,2012年4月,-,2,考點(diǎn)解讀,中學(xué)英語教學(xué)大綱把培養(yǎng)學(xué)生閱讀能力作為一個(gè)主要的教學(xué)目標(biāo)，而閱讀理解題是每次中考中分值最大的一類題。,它是通過文字獲取信息以達(dá)到對(duì)作者的思想、觀點(diǎn)、意圖進(jìn)行了解、認(rèn)識(shí)和交流的目的。,旨在考查考生的英語運(yùn)用能力及閱讀理解能力。,-,3,新課標(biāo)解讀,據(jù)上下文和構(gòu)詞法推斷、理解生詞的含義,能理解段落中各句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系,能預(yù)測故事情節(jié)的發(fā)展和可能的結(jié)局,能讀懂常見體裁的閱讀材料,能根據(jù)不同的閱讀目的運(yùn)用簡單的閱讀策略獲取信息,不借助詞典能讀懂含有3%左右生詞的語言材料。能根據(jù)不同的閱讀目的，運(yùn)用簡單的閱讀策略獲取信息,-,4,命題依據(jù),能根據(jù)不同的閱讀目的，運(yùn)用簡單的閱讀策略快速獲取細(xì)節(jié)信息。能把握所讀材料的中心思想和主要事實(shí)。能把握所讀材料的主要邏輯線索，事件和空間的順序。能根據(jù)上下文和構(gòu)詞法推斷、理解詞義。能根據(jù)上下文理解作者的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)和意圖。能找出文章中的主題，理解故事的情節(jié)，預(yù)測故事情節(jié)的發(fā)展和結(jié)局。,-,5,能力要求,預(yù)測能力快速閱讀能力整體理解能力快速準(zhǔn)確獲取關(guān)鍵信息能力把握全文主旨能力,-,6,能力要求,把握段落主旨能力對(duì)西方文化的理解能力句子結(jié)構(gòu)和文章結(jié)構(gòu)的理解能力掌握一定的閱讀詞匯量詞語意義的理解能力,-,7,題型特點(diǎn),直觀性問題常識(shí)性問題理解性問題推理性問題,-,8,考點(diǎn)梳理,中考對(duì)四篇文章的閱讀理解能力要求閱讀量約100詞左右。根據(jù)題目要求，快速搜索信息。所選文章多為應(yīng)用文體,如：各種通知、海報(bào)、節(jié)目單、時(shí)刻表、校園學(xué)生活動(dòng)安排等。閱讀量約200詞左右?？焖匍喿x，整體理解，根據(jù)題目要求，不僅要理解細(xì)節(jié)，而且要理解主旨以及推測詞義等。所選文章多為記敘文。如故事、人物、文化等。閱讀量約250-300詞左右?？焖匍喿x，整體理解，根據(jù)題目要求，不僅要理解細(xì)節(jié)、理解主旨以及推測詞義，而且要理解深層含義、作者意圖等。閱讀量約200詞左右。根據(jù)題目要求，快速提取關(guān)鍵信息，并要求一定的歸納能力。所選文章多為說明文。如科普短文，使用說明等。,-,9,解題步驟,一、先讀問題，弄清考查要點(diǎn)二、快速瀏覽全文，掌握全貌三、細(xì)讀原文，捕捉相關(guān)信息詞四、重讀原文，仔細(xì)斟酌核對(duì)答案,-,10,主要題型,理解主旨大意（Tofindoutthemainidea)細(xì)節(jié)理解和細(xì)節(jié)判斷(Tolookfordetails)猜測詞義(Toguessthemeaning)推理判斷題（Toinferaconclusion),-,11,理解主旨大意,解題技巧：1抓住主題句，鎖定文章主旨2抓住段落大意，概括中心思想3抓住主線和關(guān)鍵，歸納文章中心,-,12,主旨題常見的命題形式：,(1)Whatsthemainideaofthepassage?(2)Thispassageismainlyabout.(3)Theauthorspurposeinwritingthistextis.(4)Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?(5)Whatsthetopicofthetext?,-,13,典例：（2011年內(nèi)江市中考卷）,63、Whatsthemainideaofthethirdparagraph?A、Manyparentsdontunderstandkidslanguageintheirblogs.B、Manyparentsareworriedabouttheseyoungbloggers.C、Manyparentscantunderstandwhytheirkidsdontlikestudying.70、Whatisthepassageabout?A、Repairingoldcomputers.B、Sellingoldcomputers.C、Recyclingoldcomputers.,-,14,細(xì)節(jié)理解和細(xì)節(jié)判斷,常考題型：1、是非題2、例證題3、年代與數(shù)字4、比較5、原因6、事實(shí)排序題7、直接信息題8、間接信息題9、綜合信息題,-,15,細(xì)節(jié)理解和細(xì)節(jié)判斷,解題技巧：(1)細(xì)心審題，直接就題找答案。(2)變通理解，間接轉(zhuǎn)述找答案。(3)多點(diǎn)歸納，綜合事實(shí)找答案。,-,16,細(xì)節(jié)理解和細(xì)節(jié)判斷,細(xì)節(jié)題常見的命題形式：WhichofthefollowingisTrue/NotTrue?Inthepassage,whichofthefollowingismentioned?AllofthefollowingstatementsaretrueexceptChoosetherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage.用Where,how,who,why,howlong等引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句要求判斷細(xì)節(jié)。,-,17,典例：,65.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Mybrothers,mysistersandIwouldsometimesfightaboutwhichchanneltowatchwhenIwasachild.B.Thesedays,thereisonlyonechannelwitholdmovies,cookingandfishing.C.Peoplehavemanychannelstochoosefromnow.（2010年內(nèi)江市中考卷）,-,18,猜測詞義題,解題技巧：1、通過因果關(guān)系猜測詞義；2、通過同義詞和近、反義詞的關(guān)系猜詞；3、通過構(gòu)詞法猜測詞義；4、通過定義或釋義說明來推測詞義；5、通過描述猜測詞義；6、用知識(shí)和生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)猜測詞義；7、根據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測。,-,19,猜測詞義題,常見命題形式如下：1）、Theword“”inthepassageprobablymeans_.2）、Whatdoestheword“”mean_.3）、Theunderlined(劃線的)wordmeans_4）、Theclosemeaningoftheunderlinedword“”is_inEnglish.5）、Theword“”refersto_,-,20,典例：,69、Inthe2ndparagraph,theclosemeaningoftheunderlinedword“teased”is_inEnglish.（2010年內(nèi)江中考卷）hitB.criticizedC.laughedat60.WhatstheChinesemeaningoftheunderlinedwordfined?A.罰款B.給予C.獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)（2011年內(nèi)江中考卷）,-,21,推理判斷題,解題技巧：與原文相同的細(xì)節(jié)不能選文中沒有出現(xiàn)的細(xì)節(jié)不能跳出文章做推斷,-,22,推理判斷題,1、推理深層含義的常見命題形式如下：Wecaninferfromthepassagethat_Thewritersuggestthat_Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat_Wemayconcludefromthepassagethat_Fromthepassage,itcanbeinferredthat_,-,23,典例：,65WecanlearnthelastparagraphthatA.ItseasyformanyteenagerstogiveupbloggingontheInternet.B.ItssafeformanyteenagerstoputtheirpersonalinformationontheInternet.C.ItspopularformanyteenagerstouseblogsontheInternet.（2011年內(nèi)江市中考卷）,-,24,推理判斷題,2、推理作者意圖、觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度的常見命題方式如下：ThewriterspurposeinwritingthisstoryisInthewritersopinion,agoodschoolshouldWhatshouldbetherightattitudetowards“”?Thewritersattitudetoward“”is,-,25,例文：,Wespentadayinthecountrypickingwildflowers.Withthecarfullofflowersweweregoinghome.Onourwayback,mywifenoticedacupboardoutsideashop.Itwastallandnarrow.“Buyit.”Mywifesaidatonce,“Wellcarryithomeontheroofrack.Ivealwayswantedonelikethat.”WhatcouldIdo?Tenminuteslater,Iwas$20poorer,andthecupboardwastiedontheroofrack.,-,26,Fromthepassage,wecanseethatinfactthehusband_thecupboard.A、thoughtitwasworthbuyingB、believedtheyneededtobuyC、wasgladtohaveboughtD、wouldrathernotbuy,-,27,Whatsablog?Ablogisapersonalonlinediary(日記).Itscool,itshot,andeveryoneisdoingit.Peopletalkaboutitoften.Soundlikeafashion?Infact,Itsanothertrend(流行趨勢(shì)).Andthewordbloggermeansapersonwhowritesdiariesonline.Areyouablogger?Manybloggersareteenagerswholog(進(jìn)入)ontowebsitestodiscussanythingintheirlives.Manyoftodaysteenagersarenotafraidtoopenlydiscusseverythingintheirlives.Teenagerscomplainabouttheirparentsandhomework.Theysharediaries,post(發(fā)布)songsfromthelatestbandsandshowpicturesoftheirs.Theywritetheirownpoems,saysomethingabouttheirgirlfriendsorboyfriendsandcomplaintoeachotheroroffersupport.Butmostlytheyjustwritedownwhattheydoeveryday.,-,28,However,manyparentsareworriedabouttheseyoungbloggers.Parentsseethekidstalkingabouthowtheygotdrunklastweekendandhowtheydontlikestudying.Theyareusingthelanguagethatissurprisingtotheirparents.Besideshearingfromtheirfriends,teenbloggersalsogetmessagesfromstrangers.Mostofthetime,itsoldermenaskingtomeetteenagegirls.Thesestrangemenaredangerousformykids.Theysometimesteachmykidsbadwords.saidCaraCabral,amotheroftwochildren.ManyteenagersandyoungadultsknowitsnotsafetouseblogsontheInternet.Theyknowtheyareputtinginformationaboutthemselvesinaplacewhereitcanbeseenbyanyone.Butteenagersareunwillingtogiveupthesenewcommunicationtoolsthathavebecomeawayoflifeformanyofthem.,-,29,61.Theunderlinedword“it”inthefirstparagraphmeans_.A.thefashionB.theInternetC.theblog62.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUE?A.Teenagersdonttellabouttheirpersonallifeintheirblogs.B.Teenagersmostlywritedownwhattheydoeverydayintheirblogs.C.Teenagerscomplainabouttheirparentsandhomeworkintheirblogs.,-,30,63.Whatsthemainideaofthethirdparagraph?A.Manyparentsdontunderstandkidslanguageintheirblogs.B.Manyparentsareworriedabouttheseyoungbloggers.C.Manyparentscanunderstandwhytheirkidsdontlikestudying.64.Manyparentsthinkits_fortheirchildrentogetm