高考非謂語動詞復(fù)習(xí)之不定式的用法

不定式的用法,被動形式,時態(tài)形式,不定式的一般式1Iampleasedtoseeyouhere.2Iamexpectingtohearfromyou.3Iwouldlikeyoutostayovertheweekendwithher.不定式的進行式：1Maryseemstobethinkingdeeply.2Thechildrenpretendedtobereadingaloudwhentheteachercamein.3IhappenedtobewatchingTVwhenshecalled.,一不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài):,(在謂語動詞之后或不強調(diào)先后),(與謂語動詞同時進行),不定式的完成式：1Iamsorrytohavekeptyousolong.2Sheissaidtohavestudiedabroadlastyear.3Theboypretendedtohaveknowntheanswer.不定式的被動式:1Sheaskedtobetreatedequally.2Theradioneedstoberepaired.3Theroomseemstohavebeenbrokeninto.4ThetelephoneisconsideredtohavebeeninventedbyBell.,(在謂語動詞之前),（與邏輯主語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系）,二不定式的句法功能1不定式作主語ToliveinChinaisMr.Smithsdream.ItisMr.SmithsdreamtoliveinChina.Tostoptheworknowseemsimpossible.Itisimpossibletostoptheworknow.2不定式作賓語Ihavedecidedtostudyengineering.HowIwishtohaveanotherdayoff.Shepromisedtocomeatnineoclock.Weretalkingabouthowtoovercomethepresentdifficulties.,注：當不定式后跟賓補時，則用it作形式主語，把不定式后置。think/find/make/feel/consider+it+adj/n+todoE.g.Ithinkitnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.Ithinkitessentialtoreserveairtickets.Imakeitaruletodoshadowboxingeverymorning.WeallconsideritourhonortohosttheOlympicGamesinourcountry.,3不定式作表語Mygoalistobeascientist.Myonlywishistohaveajobinanoffice.Thepurposeofthemeetingistoelectanewcaptain.Whatstrikememostistoseehimalwaysbusy.Yourassignmentistobehandedintomorrow.,4不定式作賓補Parentswanttheirchildrentodevelopfully.Weallexpectyoutocomethisweekend.Itshardtopersuadedadtogiveupsmoking.Weimaginehimtobealiar.Heleftearlywithalotofworktodo.Wesawhimwalkoutoftheschool.Wemadehimrealizehismistakes.,V+賓語+todo,with+賓語+todo,在感官動詞和使役動詞后省略to,5不定式作定語：Heisthefirstguesttoarrive.Iamtheonlymantohearthenews.Youaretherightpersontodothejob.Yourareasuitablepersontobegiventhisjob.Ihavealotofproblemstosolve.Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?Pleasegivemesomebookstoread.Itsadifficultquestiontoanswer.,注：如果不定式的動詞是不及物動詞，其后應(yīng)有必要的介詞。e.g.Couldyoulendmeapentowritewith?Mariaisapleasantpersontoworkwith.Jazzisexcitingmusictolistento.,6作狀語1）作原因狀語e.g.Imsorrytohearyouwereill.ShewassurprisedtoseeGeorgewalkin.Imashamedtohavetotroubleyou.Sheisinterestingtotalkto.,用在be+adj.+todo的結(jié)構(gòu)中,2)作目的狀語e.g.Afriendofminecametoseemelastnight.Tosucceed,onemustfirstofallbelieveinhimself.Inordertokeepwarm,weshutallthewindows.Sheraisedhervoicesoastomakeherselfheard,注：todo/inordertodo可放在首，句末；soastodo不能放在句首.,3)作結(jié)果狀語e.g.WhathaveIsaidtomakeyousoangry?Heissokindastohelpmeoutofthetrouble.Thechildisoldenoughtodresshimself.Wehurriedtothestationonlytobetoldthatthetrainhadleft.Thehusbandlefthiswife,nevertoreturn.Heistooselfishtogiveanythingtoothers.,固定結(jié)構(gòu)：so+adj/adv.+astodotoo+adj.+todoadj.+enough+todoonly+todonever+todo,4)作評論性狀語e.g.Tobehonest,ujustdontlikeTagorespoems.Ihaveneverseensuchaperson,totellyouthetruth.Tocutalongstoryshort,wedisagree.Toputitanotherway,shewassweet-tempered.,tobehonesttotellyouthetruthtocutalongstoryshortToputitanotherway,三不定式的邏輯主語1）是句子的某個名詞或代詞IhavealotofworktodothisSunday.Heisthefirstmantoarriveatschool.Myfatherpromisedtotakemetotheseaside.Icameheretoseemyfather.Ioftenhearhersinginhisroom.2)由for引出不定式的邏輯主語Itwontbeeasyforyoutofindanewjob.Theresnoreasonforustodoubthiswords.Istoodasideforhertopass.WhatIwantisforyoutotalktoLanny.,3)由of引出不定式的邏輯主語Itwaskindofyoutohelpme.Itwassillyofyoutotrustsuchaman.Itisselfishofhimnottodoanythingfortheorphans.Itsunfairofyoutosaysuchthingsabouther.,四疑問詞+todo-作主語、賓語、表語和同位語e.g.Howtosolvetheproblemremainstobediscussed.Imstillwonderingwhattimetostartofftomorrow.Whatconcernsmemostiswhomtodependon.Manypeoplearethinkingofhowtotryorluck,thatis,howtoearnourbread.,五動詞不定式的省略,1）保留不定式符號to:e.g.Wouldyouliketocomewithus?Yes,Idloveto.Youcangowithusifyouwantto.Youdontknowher.Butyououghtto.特別提示：如果不定式中的動詞是be或助動詞have時，be和have不能省略.e.g.Isyourfatherareporter?No,butheusedtobe.HaveyoutoldAlanaboutthelecture?Sorry,butIoughttohave.,2）省略不定式符號to的形式:感官動詞：see,watch,hear,feel,find,notice,observe,lookat,listento.e.g.Didyouseeanyoneenterthehouse?Iheardmyneighborlockthedoor.使役動詞：make,let,have.e.g.Myparentsusedtomakemerecitepoems.Iwillhaveallmyfriendscomeoverthisweekend.注：在被動語態(tài)中，to要還原：Heisnoticedtoentertheroom.Weweremadetolaughbythejoke.,當主語部分含有動詞do的某種形式時，作表語的不定式可省略to。Allyouneedtodois(to)pressthebutton.ThefirstthingIdoeverymorningis(to)takeplentyofexercise.Whatyouhavetodois(to)fillintheform.,3)其他情況,并列結(jié)構(gòu)中Weoughttoreadmoreandhavemorepractice.Idliketostaywithyou,helpyouandlearnfromyou.注：但在形成對比的結(jié)構(gòu)中不能省略Ihaventdecidedwhethertoquitortostay.Icameherenottoplaybuttowork.固定結(jié)構(gòu)：hadbetterdosth.wouldratherdosth.cannotbutdosth.donothingbutdosth.havenothingtodobutdosth.,六動詞不定式的主動表被動,1不定式作定詞時與所修飾的名詞構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，但又與句子的主詞或賓詞構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系時。Ihavealargefamilytoprovidefor.Wehavelotsofdifficultiestoovercomeforthetimebeing.Doyouhaveanythingtodrink?Ihavealotofproblemtosolve.Pleasegivemesomebookstoread.,2主語+be+性質(zhì)形容詞+todoThequestioniseasytoanswer.Theworkiseasytodo.Thesesignsarehardtoseeclearly.Francesishardtogetonwith.3疑問詞+todo.Idontknowwhichtochoose.Imwonderingwhototurnto.4wi