2020高考英語 備考總動(dòng)員易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)睛系列 專題06 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)（教師版）

高考英語備考總動(dòng)員易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)睛系列 專題06 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)（教師版） 考前必讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)是歷年高考的重點(diǎn)，而且測(cè)試的難度也在逐年加大。應(yīng)特別注意以下幾點(diǎn)：要把握各種時(shí)態(tài)的特點(diǎn)，注意易混淆時(shí)態(tài)間的差異；準(zhǔn)確理解具體語境下時(shí)態(tài)的正確意義，捕捉句子中所隱含的時(shí)間信息；要克服漢語式的慣性思維，排除誤導(dǎo)，培養(yǎng)發(fā)散性思維。高考中?？嫉臅r(shí)態(tài)有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)睛易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1 忽視了一般過去時(shí)的隱含時(shí)間【易錯(cuò)題】14. Edward, you play so well. But I you played the piano.A. didnt know B. hadnt knownC. dont know D. havent known【答案】A【錯(cuò)因透視】一般過去時(shí)表示在過去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，或過去習(xí)慣、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作，不強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，只說明過去。常與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，如：yesterday；last week；in 1945，at that time；once；during the war；before；a。few days ago；when等。在since從句中通常用一般過去時(shí)，其主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。高考考查一般過去時(shí)也不經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)表示過去的時(shí)間狀語，這就需要考生根據(jù)語境意義進(jìn)行推測(cè)。另外，一般過去時(shí)在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中代替過去將來時(shí)，表示“過去將來”的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。如He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise他答應(yīng)我，如果他得到提升，就給我買一臺(tái)電腦。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)2 沒有記住一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的基本用法【易錯(cuò)題】My parents _ in Hong Kong. They were born there and have never lived anywhere else.A. live B. lived C. were living D. will live【答案】A【錯(cuò)因透視】一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、存在的狀態(tài)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。常與always，every time，now and then，occasionally，often，seldom，sometimes，usually等時(shí)間狀語連用。在以when，tilluntil，as soon as，by the time，after，before等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句和以if，unless，once等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中，如果主句中的動(dòng)詞用一般將來時(shí)，從句中的動(dòng)詞通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)3對(duì)進(jìn)行時(shí)這一時(shí)態(tài)把握不到位【易錯(cuò)題1】Teenagers their health because they play computer games too much.A. have damaged B. are damaging C. damaged D. will damage【答案】B【錯(cuò)因透視】現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說話時(shí)或目前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如：The house is beingbuilt these days這些天那所房子正在被建造。注意：下列現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊含義：(1)go，come，drive，fly，travel，arrive，leave，start，set off等及一些其他動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示將來時(shí)，意思是按計(jì)劃或安排將要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作(這時(shí)多有表示將來的時(shí)間狀語)。如：Im seeing my guest offat the station tomorrow明天我要到車站為客人送行。The court is hearing evidence this afternoon法庭今天下午聽取證詞。(2)與頻率副詞如always，constantly，continually，again，forever等連用時(shí)，表示說話人的某種感情色彩。表示討厭、不滿，帶有埋怨情緒，指責(zé)某人一貫的行徑。如：He is forever 易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)4 混淆現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)【易錯(cuò)題1】I there little more than a week when I set to work with the scientist.A. would beB. have beenC. had beenD. will be【解析】考生容易誤選B項(xiàng)，原因是誤以為set是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。過去完成時(shí)表示“過去的過去”。根據(jù)從句語境when I set to work with the scientist可判斷出，此處指與這位科學(xué)家一起工作之前已過去一周多一點(diǎn)的時(shí)間，這里的set是一般過去時(shí)，從語境的意義也可以看出這一點(diǎn)。【答案】C另外，過去完成時(shí)還經(jīng)常用于下列句式中：(1)hardlyscarcelywhen；no soonerthan句型中，主句用過去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)。如：I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me我剮做完我的工作他就來看我。No soonerhad I arrived home than the telephone rang我剛到家電話鈴就響了。(2)動(dòng)詞hope，expect，think，intend，mean，want，suppose，plan等用過去完成時(shí)，表示過去未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望、打算和意圖。這時(shí)相當(dāng)于該詞的過去時(shí)接動(dòng)詞不定式的完成時(shí)。如：I hadhoped that I could do the job我(當(dāng)時(shí))希望我能做那份工作。I had intended to see you but 1 wastoo busy(一I intended to have seen you but 1 was too busy)我本來打算去看你，但是我當(dāng)時(shí)太忙了。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)5對(duì)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)理解不透徹【易錯(cuò)題】- Im sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.- I think so. He _ for it for months.A. is preparingB. was preparingC. had been preparing D. has been preparing易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)6 混淆一般將來時(shí)和將來進(jìn)行時(shí)【易錯(cuò)題】Daniels family their holiday in Huangshan this time next week.A. are enjoying B. are to enjoyC. will enjoy D. will be enjoying易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)7混淆各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)【易錯(cuò)題】Why does the Lake smell terrible? Zxxk-Because large quantities of water .A. have polluted B. is being pollutedC. has been polluted D. have been polluted【解析】考生容易誤選B項(xiàng)，原因是不知道large quantities of修飾主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)，再就是以為大片的水域正在被污染。根據(jù)前一個(gè)分句可知所填動(dòng)詞表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響，時(shí)態(tài)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，動(dòng)詞與主語是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)?！敬鸢浮緿 (6)waswere being done過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：A meeting was being held when 1 was there(7)shallwill be done一般將來時(shí)：Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes(8)shouldwould be done過去將來時(shí)：The news would be sent to the soldierS mother as soon as it arrived (2)在need，want，require，bear等詞的后面，動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，其含義相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。如：The house needs repairing(to be repaired)這幢房子需要修理。(3)形容詞worth后面跟動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，但不能跟動(dòng)詞不定式；而worthy后面跟動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。如：The picture-book is well worth reading(The picture-book is very worthy to be read)跟蹤練習(xí)1.（北京市重點(diǎn)高中2020屆高三尖子生綜合素質(zhì)展示英語）If Joe knew anything about car mechanics, Im sure he would help us fix the car, but he _ even less than we do.Ahad knownBwould knowCknewDknows【答案】D【解析】 考查時(shí)態(tài)?？崭裉幩诜志浔磉_(dá)的意思是“但是他知道的還沒有我們知道的多呢”，敘述的是客觀事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，另外根據(jù)句中的 “do”，也可知應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。2.（2020年鄭州市高中畢業(yè)年級(jí)第一次質(zhì)量預(yù)測(cè)英語）Ill call on you at 10:00 tomorrow morning.Sorry, I _ the flight to Shanghai then.Ahave enjoyedBwill be enjoyingCam enjoyingDam to enjoy【答案】B3.（2020年長(zhǎng)春市高中畢業(yè)班第一次調(diào)研測(cè)試英語）Have you seen Tony recently?No, but I _ dinner with him on Sunday.Awould haveBhave been havingChave hadDam having【答案】D4.（北京市東城區(qū)2020屆高三第一學(xué)期期末教學(xué)統(tǒng)一檢測(cè)英語）If you ring the doorbell when visiting our home, you _ by our dog.Awill be greetedBwill greetCwere greetedDgreeted【答案】A【解析】 考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：你來我家如果按響門鈴，我家的狗會(huì)迎接你的。在條件狀語從句中，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來，主句用一般將來時(shí)。來拜訪應(yīng)該是被迎接，故應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。5.（北京市西城區(qū)2020屆高三上學(xué)期期末考試英語）The most delicious cake in the world _ by Mom. Please wait an hour to enjoy it.AmakesBis madeCis going to makeDis being made【答案】D【答案】C【解析】 考查時(shí)態(tài)。由牛排聞起來怪怪的可確定牛排已經(jīng)燒焦了，故使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。此處沒有體現(xiàn)“過去的過去”，因此不能使用過去完成時(shí)。6.（北京市重點(diǎn)高中2020屆高三尖子生綜合素質(zhì)展示英語）My mum is not in Beijing now. She has gone to Paris.Oh, can you tell me when she _?Ais leavingBwould leaveChas leftDleft【答案】D7.（合肥市2020年高三第一次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)英語）This hotel isnt particularly good, but I _ in many worse hotels.AstayBhave stayedCwas stayingDhad stayed【答案】B【答案】B【解析】 考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。既然是“我打算去買那種衣服”，就表明“有人已經(jīng)告訴了我那種衣服好洗”，所以第一空用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。第二空填 was