高中英語 Unit2《English around the World》學(xué)案6 新人教版必修1

Unit 2English around the world【單元導(dǎo)航】中國式英語歐洲人做過精細的統(tǒng)計，自1994年以來加入國際英語行列的詞匯中，中式英語貢獻了5%到20%，超過任何其他來源。除“孔夫子(Confucious)”、“中國功夫(kung fu)”、“麻將(mahjong)”或者“豆腐(tofu)”之類絕無僅有的稱謂，再挑揀幾個真正有中國氣質(zhì)、代表華夏氣派、并影響全球當(dāng)代生活的“雞蛋詞”。(一)絲綢silk中國是養(yǎng)蠶大國，絲綢的故鄉(xiāng)?！皊ilk”的發(fā)音，顯然是漢語的音譯，這個詞代表了中國高超的工藝技術(shù)和貿(mào)易強勢。即便現(xiàn)在，絲綢仍在現(xiàn)代生活中充當(dāng)雍容華麗、典雅高貴的象征。(二)茶tea這個詞，又是英國人從拗口的閩南話里偷走的。茶，和絲綢、瓷器比肩，堪稱古代中國對外貿(mào)易的拳頭產(chǎn)品。目前，品茶代表了一種生活方式和文化品位。 18世紀(jì)的柴斯特頓勛爵在訓(xùn)子家書里寫道：“盡管茶來自東方，它畢竟是紳士氣味的；而可可則是個痞子、懦夫，一頭粗野的猛獸?！?三)世外桃源Shangrila (Xanadu)這是兩個近義詞，都有“世外桃源”的意思?！癝hangrila”出自西藏的傳說之地香格里拉，“Xanadu”則是蒙古的元上都。如果要表達“世外桃源”，通常采用“Xanadu”這個詞。(四)風(fēng)水Feng Shui風(fēng)水，還是音譯。它凝聚了古代中國在活人住宅和死人墓地方面的集體智慧。近年來，風(fēng)水在美國紅極一時，從中國人唇齒之間發(fā)出的音節(jié)，已經(jīng)成為當(dāng)代人急需探究的學(xué)問。(五)走狗running dogs中國式英語“running dogs”貼切地表達了一種見利忘義、供人驅(qū)使的“下三爛”。最先運用這個詞的是中國人，還是英國人，已無從考證；重要的是，英語世界接納了“走狗”，并以漢語的思維撫育這個“外來詞”。接納詞匯的同時，無形中也接受了中國人的價值觀。(六)大款、巨亨tycoon這種稱呼是近些年才流行街巷的，指有錢、有勢的商人或者企業(yè)家，中國傳統(tǒng)的叫法是“大掌柜”。Section OneWarming Up and Reading.Leadin1.Can you name some countries in which English is spoken?2.Is the English in those countries the same?3.Do you know the differences between American English and British English？British EnglishAmerican EnglishSpellingcolourfavouritetheatrecentremetretravelledcolor favorite theater centermeter traveledWordslift (電梯)petrol (汽油)flat (公寓)autumnunderground (地鐵)university (大學(xué))rubbish (垃圾)dustbin (垃圾箱)holidayfortnight (兩星期)elevatorgasapartmentfallsubwaycollegegarbagetrash canvacationtwo weeks.速讀課文，回答下列問題(1) From AD 450 to 1150，English sounded more like .A.French B.ChineseC.German D.Russian答案C(2) Between AD 800 and 1500，English sounded more like .A.French B.ChineseC.German D.Russian答案A(3)Shakespeares English was spoken around .A.1400s B.1150sC.450s D.1600s答案D.精讀課文，完成下列問題1.完成下列表格The road to modern EnglishAD4501150The English was spoken in England.It was based more on (1)German than the English we speak at present.AD 8001150Because the people who (2)ruled England spoke first Danish and later French，English became (3)less like German.In the 1600s(4)Shakespeare made use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.In 1620Some British settlers moved to (5)America.In the 18th centurySome British people were taken to (6)Australia.17651947English was spoken in India as well as in Africa and Asia.It became the language for (7)government and education in India.By the 19th centuryThe English language was settled.Two big changes:Samuel Johnson wrote his (8)dictionary.Noah Webster wrote (9)The American Dictionary of the English Language and gave a separate identity to (10)American English spelling.NowEnglish is also spoken in (11)India，(12)Singapore，(13)Malaysia，(14)Africa and so on.2.概括每段的大意Para.1：It describes the extension of English in the world.Para.2：It tells us native speakers can understand each other but not everything.Para.3：It tells the development of English as native language.Para.4：It tells us English is spoken as a foreign or second language in many countries.與同桌討論、理解下列長難句并嘗試翻譯成漢語1.At first the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today.句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析： spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150在句中作the English的定語；spoken today作定語修飾第二個the English。翻譯：起先，從公元450年到1150年，人們所說的英語跟今天所說的英語就不同。2.It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析： be based on意為“以為基礎(chǔ)”；more A than B意為“與B相比，更像A；與其說是B不如說是A”。 we speak at present作定語修飾the English。翻譯：當(dāng)時的英語更多地是以德語為基礎(chǔ)，而我們今天所說的英語不是。.小組討論(選擇其中一個題目即可)1.What factors affected the use of a language?(提示：international role，economic development，development of democracy, the image inthe world，cultural development)2.Why do you think people all over the world want to learn English?3.Will Chinese English become one of the world English？Section TwoLanguage Points1. Do you know that there is more than one kind of English？你知道嗎，(世界上)有許多英語種類？【品味經(jīng)典】There are more than 100 people at the party.有100多人參加聚會。Peace is much more than the absence of war.和平不僅僅意味著沒有戰(zhàn)爭。Her performance was more than good；it was perfect.她的表演非常好，可以說是完美的。He more than smiled；he laughed outright.他豈止是微笑，簡直是大笑了。The consequence was much more than he imagined.結(jié)果遠遠超過了他的想像?！咀晕姨骄俊縨ore than數(shù)詞，意為比多，超過，相當(dāng)于over；其后接名詞，意為不只是，不僅僅，表示程度和加強語氣；其后接形容詞或副詞，意為十分，非常；其后接動詞，意為豈止是，不僅僅；其后接從句，意為比更。【歸納拓展】(1)more.than.morethan.為一個表示比較級的句型，意為“比”。The problem is more complicated than we expected.這個問題比我們預(yù)料的要復(fù)雜得多。Youve actually given me more help than I need.你其實沒必要給我這么多幫助。more A than B 相當(dāng)于not so much B as A，是指“與其B倒不如A”。He failed to pass the driving test.他沒能通過駕駛考試。The reason lies more in his carelessness than in his timidness.與其說是因為他膽小倒不如說是因為他粗心。(2)not more than意思是“至多，不超過”，它相當(dāng)于at (the) most。Hes only a child of not more than 10.他僅僅是個不到10歲的孩子。(3)no more(.)than.no more than后面常接數(shù)詞，表示數(shù)量少，相當(dāng)于only，意為“僅僅，只有”。To my surprise，no more than 5 members shared my idea.令我吃驚的是，只有5個人同意我的觀點。no more(.)than.意為“和一樣都不”，表示對前后兩方面均否定。Dont ask him about it.He knows no more than you.別問他這件事了。他和你一樣對此一無所知?！九５缎≡嚒慷陶Z識境A.more than B .no more than C.more.than D.not.more than(1)Do you need any help，Lucy?Yes.This job is more than I could do myself.(2)My son is a little slow in studying maths.Hes more lazy than slow.He seldom does any exercises.(3)When I first began to work，you know，I could earn no more than 50 dollars every month.(4)Ill not give you more than I can spare.2. .people from England made voyages to conquer other parts.英國人航海去征服其他區(qū)域【品味經(jīng)典】He took a voyage to study plants on that island.他航海去那個島上研究植物?！咀晕姨骄俊縱oyage，名詞，常構(gòu)成短語make或take a voyage/voyages，on voyage意為在航海中?！疽谆毂嫖觥縱oyage，journey，travel，tour，trip(1)voyage主要指“乘船作水上旅行”，也可指“空中旅行”。(2)journey應(yīng)用范圍很廣，指“有預(yù)定地點的陸上、水上或空中的單程長、短途旅行”，一般來說，它著重指“長距離的陸上旅行”。(3)travel(n.)習(xí)慣用復(fù)數(shù)形式。泛指旅行各地，表示旅行的路途遠，時間長。此外，travel還可以作動詞用。(4)tour指“以游覽、視察、購物等為目的的旅行”，常含有“最后回到原出發(fā)點”的意思。(5)trip為一般用語，指“任何方式的、從事業(yè)務(wù)或游覽的旅行”，往往著重于“短途旅行”，在口語中，可與journey互換。【牛刀小試】(1)他決定乘飛機去紐約旅行。He decided to make a journey to New York by air.(2)在航行中他暈船了。He got seasick on voyage.(3)他要周游全球。He is going to make a roundtheworld tour.(4)馬可波羅游記是我讀過的最有意思的書。The Travels of Marco Polo is one of the most interesting books that I have ever read.(5)因為暴風(fēng)雪，旅行取消了。This trip was cancelled because of the snowstorm.3. .and because of that，English began to be spoken in many other countries.因為那一點，許多國家開始說英語?！酒肺督?jīng)典】He didnt go to school because of his illness.由于生病他沒去上學(xué)。The bus was late because of the heavy snow.因為大雪公交車晚點了。He lost the job because he was careless.因為粗心他失去了這份工作。【自我探究】because of屬介詞短語，后跟名詞；because是連詞，后跟句子。【牛刀小試】The openair party has been put off the bad weather.A.because of B.becauseC.instead of D.instead答案A4. Yes，Id like to come up to your apartment.好啊，我想去你住的地方?！酒肺督?jīng)典】He came up and introduced himself.他走上前來并作了自我介紹。The diver came up to the surface to have a deep breath.潛水員浮到水面深吸了一口氣。The seeds I sowed last week havent come up yet.上星期我播下的種子還沒有發(fā)芽呢。When did these idioms come up?這些習(xí)語是什么時候開始流行的？Ill let you know if anything comes up.如果發(fā)生什么事的話，我會讓你知道的。The question hasnt come up yet.這個問題還沒有被提出來。The price is coming up all the way.價格一直在上漲。【自我探究】come up，動詞短語，無被動語態(tài)，意為走近；上來；發(fā)芽；流行；發(fā)生；被提出；上升?！練w納拓展】【牛刀小試】用適當(dāng)?shù)慕?、副詞填空(1)The boy came at us with a stick.(2)The price of oil is coming down，making the consumers happy.(3)I came across some photos when looking through the book.(4)How did the war come about?(5)When is your new book coming out?(6)All the clothes came to $ 1,000.5. It was based more on German than.當(dāng)時的英語更多的是以德語為基礎(chǔ)的，而不是They based the report on facts.這篇新聞報道完全是以事實為依據(jù)的。We camped at the base of the mountain.我們在山腳下安營。Karl Marx made London the base for his revolutionary work.卡爾馬克思把倫敦作為他的革命根據(jù)地?！咀晕姨骄俊縝ase，作動詞時意為以為基礎(chǔ)，常見結(jié)構(gòu)是base.on/upon.或be based on/upon.；作名詞時，意為基礎(chǔ)；基部；基地。【牛刀小試】(1)這部電影是以魯迅的小說為藍本的。The film is based on a novel by Lu Xun.(2)容器的底部有個洞。There is a hole in the base of the container.(3)那個公司的辦事處遍布全世界，但總部在巴黎。That company has offices all over the world，but their base is in Paris.6. .the English we speak at present.我們目前所說的英語【品味經(jīng)典】We havent found the thief at present.目前我們還沒抓到這個賊。【自我探究】at present意為現(xiàn)在；目前?！練w納拓展】presentthe present government現(xiàn)政府All the people who were present at the meeting were for the plan.出席會議的人都贊同這個計劃。All the students present are against his advice.所有在座的學(xué)生都反對他的建議。All the presents should be presented to each students present at the present time.這些禮物應(yīng)當(dāng)送給目前在場的每一位學(xué)生。【牛刀小試】(1)I dont plan to go on holiday at present (目前).(2)大部分到場的科學(xué)家表達了他們對當(dāng)前國家形勢的看法。Most of the scientists present expressed their ideas about the present national situation.7. Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.莎士比亞所用的詞匯量比任何時候都大。【品味經(jīng)典】You must make good use of every opportunity to practise English.你必須好好利用每一個機會練習(xí)英語。The Internet resources should be made full use of.網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)玫匠浞掷谩！咀晕姨骄俊縨ake use of 意為利用；make good use of意為好好利用；make full use of意為充分利用，其中use是不可數(shù)名詞?！練w納拓展】make the best of 充分利用，善用make the most of 充分利用，盡量利用You should make the best/most of this valuable opportunity.你應(yīng)該充分利用這寶貴的機會?！九５缎≡嚒縁ull use should be the time to practise speaking more English.A.taken B.madeC.taken of D.made of答案D8. English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as SouthAfrica.在新加坡，馬來西亞和非洲一些國家如南非，人們也說英語?！酒肺督?jīng)典】I like those students who are careful with their lessons，such as Mary，Lina.我喜歡那些學(xué)習(xí)認真的學(xué)生，例如：瑪麗，琳娜。English is spoken in many countries，such as Australia and Canada.許多國家都講英語，例如澳大利亞和加拿大。Metals are such things as iron and steel.金屬是一些像鐵、鋼一樣的東西?！咀晕姨骄俊縮uch as意為例如，用于列舉前面所述情況，有時也可分開用，such后接名詞或代詞，as后接名詞或定語從句修飾such后的成分?！疽谆毂嫖觥縡or example，such as(1)for example 用來舉例說明某一論點或情況，一般只列舉同類人或物中的“一個”為例，作插入語，可位于句首、句中或句末。Ball games，for example，have spread around the world.例如，球類運動已經(jīng)在世界各地傳播開了。(2)such as 用來列舉事物時，一般列舉同類人和事物中的幾個例子。插在被列舉的事物與前面的名詞之間，as后面不用逗號。(3)使用such as短語時，后面列舉的事物的數(shù)量不能等于它前面所提到的總和，一旦相等就要用that is 或namely。I have three good friends，such as John，Jack and Tom.(錯)I have three good friends；that is，John，Jack and Tom.我有三個好朋友，即約翰、杰克和湯姆?！九５缎≡嚒坑胻hat is，such as，for example填空(1)He knows three languages，that is，Chinese，F(xiàn)rench and English.(2)What would you do if you met a wild animala lion，for example?(3)The farmer grows various kinds of crops，such as wheat，corn，cotton and rice.(4)Matter may be invisible；air，for example，is this kind of the matter.9. Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly.目前在中國，學(xué)習(xí)英語的人數(shù)在迅速增長。India has a very large number of fluent English speakers.印度擁有眾多講英語很流利的人?！酒肺督?jīng)典】A number of cars are in the street.大街上有許多車。The number of cars in our company is increasing.我們公司的轎車數(shù)在增長?！咀晕姨骄俊縯he number of意為的數(shù)量，作主語時謂語用單數(shù)；a number of意為許多，作主語時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，該短語也可換為numbers of，number可被large、small、great、good來修飾。【牛刀小試】I know of your classmates are studying French；whats of them?A.the number；a numberB.a number；the numberC.a number；a numberD.the number；the number答案B10. Only time will tell.只能讓時間來斷定了。【品味經(jīng)典】It is difficult to tell Lucy from Lily.很難分辨出Lucy和Lily。I cant tell who is wrong.我分不清誰錯了。【自我探究】tell意為分辨，辨別，tell A from B把A和B分辨清。【牛刀小試】He is too young to right wrong.A.know；from B.say；fromC.tell；from D.tell；of答案C課文譯文賞析通向現(xiàn)代英語之路16世紀(jì)末期大約有5百萬到7百萬人說英語，幾乎所有這些人都生活在英國。后來，在17世紀(jì)英國人開始航海征服了世界其他地區(qū)。于是，許多別的國家開始說英語了。如今說英語的人比以往任何時候都多，他們有的是作為第一語言來說，有的是作為第二語言或外語。以英語作為母語的人，即使他們所講的語言不盡相同，也可以互相交流。請看以下例子：英國人貝蒂：“請到我的公寓(flat)里來看看，好嗎？”美國人艾米：“好的。我很樂意到你的公寓(apartment)去。”那么，英語在一段時間里為什么會起變化呢？事實上，當(dāng)不同文化互相交流滲透時，所有的語言都會有所發(fā)展、有所變化。首先，在公元450年到1150年間，人們所說的英語跟今天所說的英語就很不一樣。當(dāng)時的英語更多地是以德語為基礎(chǔ)的，而現(xiàn)代英語不是。然后，漸漸地，大約在公元800年到1150年期間，英語不那么像德語了，因為那時的英國的統(tǒng)治者起初講丹麥語后來講法語。這些新的定居者大大豐富了英語語言，特別是在詞匯方面。所以到17世紀(jì)，莎士比亞所用的詞匯量比以前任何時期都大。在1620年，一些英國人搬遷到美洲定居。后來，到了19世紀(jì)，有些英國人也被送往澳大利亞，兩個國家的人都開始說英語了。最后，到20世紀(jì)，英語才真正定形。那時，英語在拼寫上發(fā)生了兩大變化：首先塞繆爾約翰遜編寫了詞典，后來，諾厄韋伯斯特編纂了美國英語詞典。后者體現(xiàn)了美國英語拼寫的不同特色。現(xiàn)在，英語在南亞也被當(dāng)作外語或第二語言使用了。比如說，印度擁有眾多講英語很流利的人，這是因為英國于1765年到1947年統(tǒng)治過印度。在那期間，英語成了官方語言和教育用語。在新加坡、馬來西亞和非洲其他國家，比如南非，人們也說英語。目前在中國學(xué)習(xí)英語的人數(shù)正在迅速增長。事實上，中國可能擁有世界上最多的英語學(xué)習(xí)者。中國英語會發(fā)展出自己的特色嗎？這只能由時間來回答了。Section ThreeGrammar直接引語和間接引語()品味語法1.“Put your coat in the closet,”the landlord said to him. The landlord asked him to put his coat in the closet.2.The father said to his children,“Dont move！”The father told his children not to move.【自我探究】上面兩個句子考查祈使句的直接引語變間接引語的用法，例句1是表示請求的口氣；例句2是表示命令的口氣。講解歸納當(dāng)我們轉(zhuǎn)述祈使句時，通常將原句中的動詞變?yōu)閯釉~不定式，并在不定式的前面加上ask，order，tell等轉(zhuǎn)述動詞，形成三種結(jié)構(gòu)：(1)表示邀請、請求某人做某事時用ask/beg/request sb.to do sth.；(2)表示叫、吩咐、命令某人做某事時用tell/order/command sb.to do sth.；(3)表示忠告，用 advise sb.(not) to do sth.。例如：She said to us,“Please have a rest.”She asked us to have a rest.The old man said,“Dont smoke in the hall.”The old man told me not to smoke in the hall.The officer said,“Go away.”The officer ordered us to go away.注意當(dāng)祈使句的直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，因為祈使句表示“請求，命令”等口氣，所以祈使句直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時不存在時態(tài)的變化。但是人稱、指示代詞、時間、地點狀語等的變化還應(yīng)根據(jù)陳述句直接引語變間接引語的方法進行相應(yīng)的改變。例如：One of the doctors said,“Let me go on with the operation，Dr.Bethune.”O(jiān)ne of the doctors asked Dr.Bethune to let him go on with the operation.不知道同學(xué)們注意到?jīng)]有,該句直接引語中有個稱呼語Dr.Bethune,一般把它當(dāng)作賓語用。祈使句的間接引語變直接引語也應(yīng)該遵循陳述句間接引語變直接引語的方法。如：Wei Fang asked him to give it to her.“Give it to me，please,” Wei Fang said to him.另外，感嘆句的直接引語變間接引語的結(jié)構(gòu)為：直引：主語動詞“感嘆句”間引：主語動詞陳述句He said,“what a fine day it is！”He said what a fine day it was.He said,“How fine the day is！”He said how fine the day was.He exclaimed that it was a fine day.1.間接感嘆句的動詞應(yīng)該是cry或exclaim。2.可以仍用what，how等詞，語序不變，也可以用that從句，把動詞say改為cry，shout，exclaim等?！九５缎≡嚒孔兿铝兄苯右Z為間接引語1.“Write a letter to your parents,”said the teacher.The teacher told me to write a letter to my parents.2.“Dont play games in the classroom，”mother said.Mother ordered me not to play games in the classroom.3.“It is a fine day.Lets go to the country for a picnic.” Peter said to me.Peter said that it was a fine day and asked me to go to the country for a picnic withhim.4.He said to Tom，“Dont do the work any more.”He told Tom not to do the work any more.5.Mrs.Green said，“Please sing us a song，Miss White.”Mrs.Green asked Miss White to sing them a song.6.“Be quiet，children.” said Mrs.Wilson.Mrs.Wilson told the children to be quiet.7.Mother said to me，“Come back before 1000.”Mother told me to come back before 1000.8.“Dont look out of the window，” she said.She told me not to look out of the window.Section FourUsing Language走進課文. Leadin1.How many dialects are there in China？What are they?北方方言、粵語、客家話、贛語、吳語、閩南話、湘語等2.Do you think there are some dialects in English?.Fast reading: Is there standard English?.Detailed reading1.How many dialects of American English have been listed in the text?Four.They are midwestern，southern，African American and Spanish.2.Why do people from both northeastern and southeastern of U.S.speak with almost the samedialect?Because when Americans moved from one place to another，they took their dialectswith them.3.Why are there so many dialects in American English?Thats because people come from all over the world.And geography plays a part inmaking dialects.Language Points1. Can you find the following command and request from Reading？你能從“Reading”里找到下面的命令或要求嗎？【品味經(jīng)典】She received the command that she should return soon.她服從了命令，不久將會返回。The teacher made a request that the students should be well prepared for the exams.老師要求學(xué)生們對考試做充分的準(zhǔn)備?！咀晕姨骄俊縞ommand，名詞，意為命令；指揮；掌握；request，名詞，意為請求，要求，這兩個詞后面跟從句時，從句的謂語動詞都用“should動詞原形(should可省略)”?！練w納拓展】request、command也可作動詞用，其后從句的結(jié)構(gòu)也是“should動詞原形(且should可省略)”。request sth.of/from sb.向某人請求request sb.to do sth.請求某人做某事requestthatclause請求應(yīng)某人的請求be in request有需要；受歡迎on/upon request一經(jīng)請求in command of sb.由掌握著have a good command of.精通She made a request for help.她請求幫助她。She requested him to go with her.她要求他一同去。The famous star sang a song by request.那位明星應(yīng)邀演唱了一首歌。He was there at the request of his manager/at his managers request.他按照經(jīng)理的要求到了那里。Li Ming requested a computer from his parents.李明向父母要了一臺電腦。The boss requested that he (should) come early.老板要求他早來。She commanded that the prisoners (should) be set free.她下令把那些囚犯釋放。He commanded his men to retreat.他命令手下撤退。For the first time in years，she felt in command of her life.多少年來第一次，她覺得生活掌握在自己手里?！九５缎≡嚒?1)The general commanded to leave (命令出發(fā)) soon.(2)He was told to be in command of his temper (控制脾氣).(3)The expert made a speech by request (應(yīng)邀).(4)He requested much money from/of (要了很多錢)his parents.(5)The manager requested that all should be quiet at work/while working (要求所有的人工作時要安靜).2. Believe it or not，.信不信由你，【品味經(jīng)典】Believe it or not，the eightyearold boy can speak 3 foreign languages.信不信由你，這個8歲的孩子會說三門外語?！咀晕姨骄俊縝elieve it or not在句中通常作插入語，表明說話者的語氣或態(tài)度?！練w納拓展】常用作插入語的還有：judging from/by從判斷generally speaking一般說來to tell the truth說實話to be sure確切地說to be frank坦率地說I think/believe/suppose，you know/see等【牛刀小試】To get your help， ，the little girl walked 15 miles.A.to be frank B.believe it or notC.to tell the truth D.judging from答案B3. .there is no such thing as standard English.(世界上)沒有什么標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語?！酒肺督?jīng)典】many such books許多這樣的書several such songs幾首這樣的歌no such kid沒這種孩子【自我探究】such與all，no，some，any，few，little，