磨床電氣的PLC改造設(shè)計(jì)說明書.doc

畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)磨床電氣的PLC改造THEPLCOFTHEGRINDINGMACHINAELECTRICITYREFORMATION學(xué)生姓名學(xué)院名稱機(jī)電工程學(xué)院專業(yè)名稱機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化指導(dǎo)教師2008年6月2日徐州工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）I摘要由于工廠企業(yè)中很多磨床年代久遠(yuǎn)，其工作已遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)達(dá)不到現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)的要求。因此有必要對(duì)舊式的常規(guī)電動(dòng)機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行技術(shù)改造，以可編程序控制器取代常規(guī)的繼電器，以達(dá)到磨床的自動(dòng)化控制。本文介紹了用可編程序控制器來對(duì)平面磨床控制系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行現(xiàn)代化改造，簡(jiǎn)要敘述了老式成型平面磨床的工作原理及用PLC進(jìn)行改造設(shè)計(jì)的方法和設(shè)計(jì)步驟，并給出PLC編程程序梯形圖。改造后的磨床工作安全可靠，系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行情況良好，磨削精度更高；利用PLC控制磨床運(yùn)行，實(shí)現(xiàn)了磨床啟動(dòng)、停止、故障停止、緊急停止的功能，可根據(jù)運(yùn)行要求靈活切換磨床的控制方式；提供過載，輕載，斷相和電壓不平衡保護(hù)；現(xiàn)場(chǎng)顯示運(yùn)行狀態(tài)，實(shí)現(xiàn)智能化監(jiān)控。并因所吸工件的不同靈活調(diào)節(jié)電磁吸盤的電流，并且顯示數(shù)值大小。從而實(shí)現(xiàn)了磨床運(yùn)行的自動(dòng)化。PLC控制的特點(diǎn)使原機(jī)床控制大大的簡(jiǎn)單化,并且維修方便,易于檢查。節(jié)省大量的繼電器元件,使機(jī)床的工作效率更高。該項(xiàng)技術(shù)還可推廣應(yīng)用于其他輔機(jī)設(shè)備或其他領(lǐng)域的自動(dòng)化控制改造中。關(guān)鍵詞可編程序控制器；平面磨床；改造徐州工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）IIAbstractBecausemanygrinderagesareremoteinthemanufacturingdivision,itsworkcouldnotachievethemodernproductionbyfartherequest.Soitisnecessarytocarryontechnologicaltransformationtotheold-fashionedregularmotorcontrolsystemandreplacenormalregulationsbyprogrammableprefacecontrollerofafterelectricapplianceswithattaingrindingmachineofautomationcontrol.Thistextintroducedcomeswiththeprogrammablecontrollertothesurfacegrindingmachinecontrolsystemtomakethemodernizedtransformation,narratedtheoldstyleformationsurfacegrindingmachinesprincipleofworkbrieflyandcarriesonthetransformationdesignwithPLCthemethodandthedesignprocedure,andgivesPLCtheprogrammingproceduretrapezoidalchart.Afterthereformationofgrindingmachineworksafetycredibility,hesystemsoperationsituationisgood,thegrindingprecisionishigher；UsingthePLCcontrolgrindermovement,realizedthegrindertostart,thestop,thebreakdowntostop,theemergencystopfunction,mightcutgrinderscontrolmodenimblyaccordingtothemovementrequest；Providestheoverload,theunderloading,breaksandthevoltageisnotbalancedprotects；Thescenedemonstrationrunningstatus,realizestheintellectualizedmonitoring.Becauseandattractstheworkpiecethedifferentnimbleadjustmentmagnetchuckelectriccurrent,anddemonstrationvaluesize.Thushasrealizedthegrindermovementautomation.ThePLCcontrolscharacteristiccausestheoriginalmachinetoolcontrolbigsimplification,andservicesconveniently,easytoinspect.Savesthemassiverelayelement,causesenginebedsworkingefficiencytobehigher.Thistechnologymayalsopromoteappliesinotherauxiliaryengineequipmentorinotherdomainautomatedcontroltransformation.KeywordsProgrammablelogiccontrollerFlatsurfacegrindingmachineReformation徐州工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）1目錄1緒論.12磨床的概述.32.1磨床的介紹.32.2世界平面磨床發(fā)展趨勢(shì).33可編程控制器的概況.53.1PLC的產(chǎn)生和特點(diǎn)及其發(fā)展動(dòng)向.53.1.1PLC的產(chǎn)生.53.1.2PLC的定義.53.1.3PLC的特點(diǎn).63.1.4PLC的發(fā)展趨勢(shì).73.2PLC的系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)和基本工作原理.83.2.1PLC的系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu).83.2.2PLC的系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)和基本工作原理.93.2.3PLC的主要功能.103.2.4PLC的應(yīng)用設(shè)計(jì)步驟.113.3PLC的選型原則.124系統(tǒng)的總體設(shè)計(jì).154.1改造平面磨床的步驟.154.1.1改造方案的確定.154.1.2改造的技術(shù)準(zhǔn)備.154.1.3改造的實(shí)施.164.1.4驗(yàn)收及后期工作.174.1.5用PLC改造繼電-接觸式控制系統(tǒng)的步驟.184.2控制線路控制改造要求.184.3原設(shè)備電器的工作原理.194.3.1