外文翻譯--GSM無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃與網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化.docVIP

GSM無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃與網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化快速增長的移動通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)容量需求與有限的頻率資源之間的矛盾正嚴(yán)重困擾著移動通信運(yùn)營商，網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃和網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化日益受到重視。網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃是移動通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)中的重要環(huán)節(jié)，它對于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的建設(shè)成本和運(yùn)行質(zhì)量都存在著很重要的影響。在國外，大多數(shù)GSM網(wǎng)絡(luò)營運(yùn)商對網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)都非常重視，在網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃與優(yōu)化上投入了大量的人力、物力和財力。目前，國內(nèi)各省移動通信公司和聯(lián)通公司在其移動通信設(shè)備招標(biāo)過程中也把設(shè)備供應(yīng)商的網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃與優(yōu)化技術(shù)作為一項重要的考核指標(biāo)對象，由此可看出網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃與優(yōu)化在移動通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)中的重要意義。一、網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容首先是對規(guī)劃區(qū)域的前期勘測包括對地形、地貌、建筑物分布、交通和商業(yè)發(fā)展情況、居民的生活水平以及他們的生活習(xí)慣等各方面情況進(jìn)行綜合分析，從而預(yù)測目前及未來當(dāng)?shù)貪撛诘挠脩羧簲?shù)目。根據(jù)營運(yùn)商的服務(wù)等級，從而確定整個區(qū)域內(nèi)主要部分的話務(wù)量分布和布站策略、站型的配置、站點(diǎn)數(shù)目、投資規(guī)模等，充分考慮到當(dāng)?shù)馗邔咏ㄖ锛八姆植?，基本確定站點(diǎn)分布和數(shù)目。對于站點(diǎn)位置的選擇及覆蓋半徑，必須考慮到話務(wù)需求量、傳播環(huán)境、上下行信號平衡等對基站覆蓋半徑的限制以及建站的綜合成本等諸多因素。網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃的目的是以最低的成本建造成符合近期和遠(yuǎn)期話務(wù)需求、具有一定服務(wù)等級的移動通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)，從而為業(yè)務(wù)的發(fā)展提供強(qiáng)大的支撐。網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃是個較為復(fù)雜的工程，它受到多方面因素的制約，因此，它不僅僅是簡單的技術(shù)問題。在這里需特別指出的是電波傳播性能的測試，它是網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃過程中一個不容忽視的重要方面。它將被用于電波傳播模型的校正，從而預(yù)測站點(diǎn)覆蓋半徑。對站點(diǎn)覆蓋半徑的預(yù)測是否準(zhǔn)確，將直接影響到網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)的質(zhì)量與成本，所以，國外的GSM營運(yùn)商對網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳播性能測試都很重視。二、網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化的故障分析及對策當(dāng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)一旦建成以后，由于前期規(guī)劃與實(shí)際用戶發(fā)展存在一定的偏差，造成忙區(qū)資源緊張而閑區(qū)資源過剩的情況，以及用戶在通話過程當(dāng)中所碰到的如話音斷續(xù)、擁塞、無線掉話等諸多現(xiàn)象，這些都不利于業(yè)務(wù)的發(fā)展。針對這些情況，GSM工程師們必須對網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化，在滿足廣大消費(fèi)者需求的同時，使現(xiàn)有的網(wǎng)絡(luò)獲得最佳經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，它是一項重要而且長期的工作。由于網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化比規(guī)劃更加復(fù)雜，在這一方面，我們的移動通信營運(yùn)商們，特別是從事網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化的工程師們都有深刻的體會與教訓(xùn)，而且網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化與網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃密切相關(guān)，所以許多營運(yùn)商在對已有系統(tǒng)擴(kuò)容或是新建系統(tǒng)時，都無一例外地把優(yōu)化與規(guī)劃兩部分作為網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)重要環(huán)節(jié)而在進(jìn)行設(shè)備招標(biāo)時把它單獨(dú)列出，由此可見網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化與網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃同樣重要。1故障分析（1）對規(guī)劃區(qū)的覆蓋、同頻鄰頻干擾小區(qū)進(jìn)行測量與分析，從而提出對小區(qū)的天線方向、天線的俯仰角、基站系統(tǒng)的最大發(fā)射功率（MAX_TX_BTS）、最大的手機(jī)發(fā)射功率(MAX_TX_MS)以及手機(jī)允許接入系統(tǒng)時的最低接入電平(RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN)等網(wǎng)絡(luò)參數(shù)的調(diào)整方案。（2）對規(guī)劃區(qū)的話音質(zhì)量、小區(qū)切換、小區(qū)選擇、小區(qū)重選、擁塞、掉話等進(jìn)行測量與分析，找出問題，提出解決方案。（3）據(jù)規(guī)劃區(qū)內(nèi)各個基站的話務(wù)統(tǒng)計、切換與掉話等情況進(jìn)行綜合分析，對小區(qū)的射頻參數(shù)及網(wǎng)絡(luò)參數(shù)進(jìn)行調(diào)整，從而適當(dāng)調(diào)整各個小區(qū)的定向重選邊界；對小區(qū)切換邊界進(jìn)行調(diào)整，使得網(wǎng)絡(luò)各小區(qū)的話務(wù)負(fù)荷盡量均衡，并且使得網(wǎng)絡(luò)的覆蓋與干擾情況得以改善。網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化的目的是分析系統(tǒng)的實(shí)際運(yùn)行情況，找出現(xiàn)有網(wǎng)絡(luò)可能存在的問題，確定解決方案，提高網(wǎng)絡(luò)性能，保證網(wǎng)絡(luò)穩(wěn)定、良好運(yùn)行。2系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化數(shù)據(jù)來源（1）OMC話務(wù)統(tǒng)計分析網(wǎng)絡(luò)中各網(wǎng)元的網(wǎng)絡(luò)性能統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)，可以通過OMC_R終端進(jìn)行采集。OMC話務(wù)統(tǒng)計是了解網(wǎng)絡(luò)性能指標(biāo)的重要途徑，它具有全面的網(wǎng)絡(luò)運(yùn)行數(shù)據(jù)，通過話務(wù)統(tǒng)計，可以了解各個小區(qū)的話務(wù)量、信道可用率、TCH掉話率、TCH擁塞率、切換成功率、接通率等各項指標(biāo)，從而了解到各小區(qū)TCH、SDCCH、RACH等的信道占用和信令承載情況，掌握全網(wǎng)的話務(wù)和信令流量，對存在的問題和潛在的問題進(jìn)行分析，為網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化提供重要依據(jù)。OMC話務(wù)統(tǒng)計結(jié)果一般都具有原始數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果、統(tǒng)計分析結(jié)果、圖表形式等幾種顯示方式，優(yōu)化工作一般應(yīng)根據(jù)所需檢查的指標(biāo)項及分析需求，選擇合適的數(shù)據(jù)顯示方式，對各項指標(biāo)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計與分析。（2）CQT，DT測試用測試手機(jī)對各小區(qū)的覆蓋場強(qiáng)進(jìn)行測試，并定期地做CQT測試；而對小區(qū)的擁塞、切換、掉話、話音質(zhì)量等進(jìn)行測試時，則有一部分優(yōu)秀的測試后臺分析軟件會提供對測試數(shù)據(jù)的顯示、標(biāo)注、統(tǒng)計分析等。在MOTOROLA系統(tǒng)中主要是應(yīng)用TEMS軟件來完成這一進(jìn)程，也就是數(shù)據(jù)采集的過程。路測（DRIVETEST）的目的在于評估網(wǎng)絡(luò)整體服務(wù)質(zhì)量，了解各小區(qū)的場強(qiáng)分布、通話質(zhì)量是否滿足要求。測試時，路測設(shè)備報告用戶所在位置、基站距離、接收信號強(qiáng)度、接收信號質(zhì)量、切換點(diǎn)、相鄰小區(qū)的基本狀況、整個頻段的掃描結(jié)果等，并可完整地記錄各項測試數(shù)據(jù)，便于進(jìn)行后臺分析。測試數(shù)據(jù)可按地圖統(tǒng)計分布，有效地反映無線小區(qū)的覆蓋范圍、RXLEV、RXQUAL和干擾區(qū)，便于分析干擾源的位置，確定頻率配置是否合理，檢查鄰區(qū)關(guān)系和觀察切換、掉話事件的發(fā)生。此外，還能檢查天饋系統(tǒng)的實(shí)際安裝和性能是否達(dá)到預(yù)期的設(shè)計要求。根據(jù)測試結(jié)果，對系統(tǒng)參數(shù)、天線狀態(tài)進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的調(diào)整，其中系統(tǒng)參數(shù)的調(diào)整主要包括：調(diào)整基站的發(fā)射功率、改變頻率的配置方案、切換電平的調(diào)整、相鄰小區(qū)參數(shù)設(shè)置調(diào)整、話務(wù)負(fù)荷調(diào)整以及SDCCH和TCH的配置數(shù)目和調(diào)整等，調(diào)整天線狀態(tài)對改善覆蓋、降低干擾具有重要作用。（3）對用戶的投訴加以仔細(xì)分析由于手機(jī)用戶分布的隨機(jī)性，可能遍及了網(wǎng)絡(luò)的每一個角落單元。手機(jī)能否正常呼入與呼出，他們往往是網(wǎng)絡(luò)質(zhì)量好壞的最先感受者。諸如上行鏈路的隨機(jī)接入信道RACH數(shù)目的配置，下行鏈路的尋呼信道PCH和接入準(zhǔn)許信道AGCH數(shù)目的配置，獨(dú)立專用控制信道SDCCH數(shù)目的配置，小區(qū)話務(wù)是否有擁塞，是否存在盲區(qū)，小區(qū)之間是否有越區(qū)覆蓋等等，我們都可以從用戶的投訴上獲取第一手資料。GSMnetworkplanningandnetworkoptimizationBetweenthefastgrowthmobilecommunicationnetworkcapacitydemandandthelimitedfrequencyresourcescontradictionseriouslyispuzzlingthemobilecommunicationoperationbusiness,thenetworkplanningandthenetworkoptimizesreceivesdaybydaytakes.Thenetworkplanningisinthemobilecommunicationnetworkconstructionimportantlink,itallhastheveryimportantinfluenceregardingthenetworkconstructioncostandthemovementquality.Inoverseas,themajorityGSMnetworkcampconveyanceallextremelytakestothenetworkconstructions,investedthemassivemanpower,thephysicalresourceandthefinancialresourceinthenetworkplanningandtheoptimization.Atpresent,thedomesticvariousprovincesmobilecommunicationcompanyandtheassociationpassthecompanyinitsmobilecommunicationequipmenttenderprocessalsotheequipmentsuppliersnetworkplanningandtheoptimizedtechnologytookanimportantinspectiontargetobject,fromthisisworthyoflookingatthenetworkplanningandtheoptimizationinthemobilecommunicationnetworkconstructionvitalsignificance.First,networkplanningkeycontentFirstistoplanstheregionearlierperiodsurvey,includingtotheterrain,thelandform,thebuildingdistribution,thetransportationandthecommercialdevelopmentsituation,inhabitantslivingstandardaswellastheirhabitsandcustomsandsoonvariousaspectssituationcarriesonthegeneralizedanalysis,thusforecastatpresentandfuturelocalitypotentialusergroupnumber.Accordingtocampmerchantgradeofservice,thusdeterminedinentireregionmainparttrafficloaddistributionandclothstationstrategy,stationdisposition,standnumber,investmentscaleandsoon,fullyconsideredthelocalhigh-risebuildingandthetowerdistribution,basicallydeterminesthestanddistributionandthenumber.Regardingthestandpositionchoiceandthecoverradius,mustconsiderthetelephonetrafficdemandquantity,thedisseminationenvironment,aboutthegoodsignalbalanceandsoontoBTSthecoverradiuslimitaswellasthestationconstructioncomprehensivecostandsoonmanyfactors.Thenetworkplanninggoalwillbeconstructsbythelowestcostconformstothenearfutureandtheforwardtelephonetrafficdemand,hasthecertaingradeofservicethemobilecommunicationnetwork,thuswillprovidetheformidablestrutfortheservicedevelopment.Thenetworkplanningisamorecomplexproject,itreceivesthevariousfactorstherestriction,andtherefore,itnotmerelyisthesimpletechnicalquestion.Mustespeciallypointoutinhereistheradiowavepropagationperformancetest,itisinthenetworkplanningprocessanotallowtoneglectimportantaspect.Itusesintheradiowavepropagationmodeladjustment,thusforecaststhestandcoverradius.Tostandcoverradiusforecastiswhetheraccurate,directlywillaffectthenetworkconstructionqualityandthecost,therefore,theoverseasGSMoperationbusinessmanallverymuchwilltaketothenetworkdisseminationperformancetest.Second,thenetworkoptimizesfaultanalysisandcountermeasureOnceafterwhenthenetworkcompletes,becausetheearlierperiodplanandactualuserdevelopmentexistencecertaindeviation,createsthebusyarearesourcestenseandtheidlearearesourcessurplussituation,aswellastheuserlikethevoicewhichbumpsintointhemiddleofthetelephoneconversationprocessoffandon,thejam,wirelessfallsthespeechandsoonmanyphenomena,thesealldonotfavortheservicethedevelopment.Inviewofthesesituations,EngineerGSMmustcarryontheoptimizationtothenetwork,whilemeetsthegeneralconsumerneed,causestheexistingnetworktoobtainthebesteconomicefficiency,itisoneitemimportantmoreoverthelong-termwork.Becausethenetworkoptimizestheplanismorecomplexthan,ontheonehandinthis,ourmotionsignalbattalionsaltmerchants,speciallyisengagedinengineerswhothenetworkoptimizesalltohavetheprofoundexperienceandthelesson,moreovernetworkoptimizationandnetworkplanningclosecorrelation,thereforemanybattalionsofsaltmerchantsintohadsystemdilatancyperhapstimethenewlybuiltsystem,butallwithoutoneexceptionoptimizesandplanstwopartswhentocarryonasthenetworkconstructionimportantlinktheequipmenttendersalonelistsit,thusitcanbeseenthenetworkoptimizationandthenetworkplanningaresimilarlyimportant.1.faultanalyses(1)pairplanstheareacover,thefrequencyneighbouringfrequencydisturbstheplottocarryonthesurveyandtheanalysis,thusproposestotheplotantennadirection,theantennaangleofpitch,base-stationsystembiggestemissivepower(MAX_TX_BTS),biggesthandsetemissivepower(MAX_TX_MS)aswellashandsetpermissionturningontimesystemnetworkparameterandsoonlowestturningonlevel(RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN)adjustmentplans.(2)pairplanstheareavoicequality,theplotcut,theplotchoice,theplotgravityseparation,thejam,fallsthespeechandsoontocarryonthesurveyandtheanalysis,discoversthequestion,proposesthesolution.(3)basisplanareaeachbasedepottelephonetrafficstatistics,thecutandfallsituationsandsoonspeechtocarryonthegeneralizedanalysis,carriesontheadjustmenttotheplotradiofrequencyparameterandthenetworkparameter,thustheappropriatereadjustmenteachplotdirectiondetectionseparatesbygravitytheboundary；Cutstheboundarytotheplottocarryontheadjustment,causesthenetworkvariousplotsthetelephonetrafficloadtobeasfaraspossiblebalanced,andcausesthenetworkthecoverandthedisturbancesituationcanimprove.Thenetworkoptimizesthegoalisanalyzesthesystemtheactualmovementsituation,discoversquestionwhichtheexistingnetwor