外文翻譯—專用服裝三維CAD模型.doc

服裝設(shè)計(jì)中的計(jì)算機(jī)輔助方法三維計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)（CAD）技術(shù)正逐漸擴(kuò)散到服裝的設(shè)計(jì)和制造應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域。目前，服裝行業(yè)普遍使用的二維CAD工具。預(yù)計(jì)，三維設(shè)計(jì)工具，將成為未來(lái)服裝行業(yè)中不斷發(fā)展的技術(shù)。服裝產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(jì)的基本問(wèn)題是合體性的問(wèn)題以及相關(guān)的二維圖形生成的問(wèn)題。最終目標(biāo)是設(shè)計(jì)和生產(chǎn)非常合體的個(gè)性化服裝，而三維方法是通過(guò)努力可以實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)的最合理的辦法。三維方法包括幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素：其中包括參數(shù)化三維人體模型；三維服裝模擬；三維圖案設(shè)計(jì)，并3D/2D模型轉(zhuǎn)換。做這個(gè)課題的目的是提供一個(gè)平臺(tái)，供研究人員回顧過(guò)去的技術(shù)發(fā)展，并為今后研究三維服裝設(shè)計(jì)方法找出可能的方向。這里選擇了題目相關(guān)的五篇論文，為服裝行業(yè)提供三維應(yīng)用程序發(fā)展的背景和技術(shù)。第一份文件是一個(gè)粗略的審查織物仿真技術(shù)，該技術(shù)奠定了基礎(chǔ)的三維服裝設(shè)計(jì)。接下來(lái)的三篇論文詳細(xì)介紹了虛擬的環(huán)境中的三維服裝設(shè)計(jì)。最后一篇介紹了將三維服裝轉(zhuǎn)換為二維樣板的新技術(shù)。第一篇論文是從ChoiandKo得到的，有關(guān)織物仿真研究問(wèn)題。作為一項(xiàng)服裝設(shè)計(jì)和修改的基本技術(shù)，物理為基礎(chǔ)的織物仿真技術(shù)被用來(lái)產(chǎn)生織物運(yùn)動(dòng)的逼真效果。這篇論文介紹了織物仿真技術(shù)的三個(gè)方面：（1）服裝結(jié)構(gòu)；（2）基于物理的模擬，和（3）碰撞檢測(cè)和響應(yīng)。所面臨的技術(shù)挑戰(zhàn)，即創(chuàng)造更多的實(shí)際成果；實(shí)現(xiàn)更快的運(yùn)行時(shí)間，制造/模擬更為復(fù)雜的服裝，是需要進(jìn)一步研究的突出問(wèn)題。Volino等在第二篇論文中提出的，是一個(gè)框架，它符合服裝行業(yè)虛擬服裝設(shè)計(jì)和原型制作的需要。他們的做法集中在交互設(shè)計(jì)，模擬和可視化功能。作為先進(jìn)的虛擬服裝仿真技術(shù)在過(guò)去十年中的總結(jié)，本文中介紹的框架集成了國(guó)家最先進(jìn)的具有創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)工具的物理模擬算法，提供高效率和高質(zhì)量的服裝設(shè)計(jì)和原型制作程序。第三篇論文介紹了一個(gè)綜合的環(huán)境，這使得設(shè)計(jì)師能夠通過(guò)分析服裝虛擬原型和仿真結(jié)果驗(yàn)證他們的風(fēng)格和設(shè)計(jì)方案，因此，物理原型的數(shù)量和作用會(huì)減少。和上一篇論文中提到的一樣，本文介紹的服裝虛擬原型的制作方法也是以物理為基礎(chǔ)的。他們能夠建立模型確定各向異性織物的經(jīng)緯向性能。牛頓動(dòng)力學(xué)的限制適用于網(wǎng)格，以確定最后形成的合體服裝的形狀。本文中提到的通過(guò)應(yīng)用研究和對(duì)幾個(gè)男女性服裝項(xiàng)目中CAD建模和物理模擬的分析，用來(lái)證明他們的系統(tǒng)功能。在第四篇論文中，作者提出了一種同步三維服裝仿真結(jié)果更新算法，用于二維服裝紙樣設(shè)計(jì)的修改。用這種做法，對(duì)二維模式的修改無(wú)須每次重復(fù)整個(gè)三維服裝合體性仿真，樣板修改過(guò)程的效率被大幅度提升了。該算法的另一個(gè)優(yōu)勢(shì)是，二維服裝紙樣的網(wǎng)格拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)被保存，從而通過(guò)保持矩陣方程一致性簡(jiǎn)化了數(shù)值格式。為了把用戶制作的三維服裝轉(zhuǎn)變成良好的二維板式，麥卡特尼等人在第五篇論文中介紹了一種方法。他們的算法，通過(guò)采用一個(gè)正交應(yīng)變模型來(lái)轉(zhuǎn)換鎖定在不可更新的能量函數(shù)中的應(yīng)變值。這些能源函數(shù)通過(guò)平坦約束三角網(wǎng)格被盡量減少。因?yàn)樗麄兊膽?yīng)變模型各向異性，其方法可以處理正交異性材料的平坦問(wèn)題，這對(duì)服裝生產(chǎn)中三維模式轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槎S模式是非常重要的。他們的論文中也考慮了接縫插入問(wèn)題。在這里，我們要感謝對(duì)這些論文提供了寶貴的意見(jiàn)和見(jiàn)解的審評(píng)者。這些論文表明，三維CAD技術(shù)在服裝設(shè)計(jì)中正在迅速成熟，將成為彌補(bǔ)學(xué)術(shù)研究和商業(yè)應(yīng)用在設(shè)計(jì)和制造服裝產(chǎn)品中差距的橋梁。盡管仍有物理模擬、碰撞檢測(cè)、3D/2D轉(zhuǎn)換、高效的設(shè)計(jì)界面領(lǐng)域的技術(shù)需要改善，但是我們希望這一復(fù)雜的服裝設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)可以通過(guò)CAD系統(tǒng)在不久的將來(lái)完成。CADmethodsingarmentdesignThreedimensionalComputer-Aided-Design(CAD)technologyisgraduallydiffusingintothegarmentdesignandmanufacturingapplications.Atpresent,theapparelindustrywidelyusestwo-dimensionalCADtools.Itisanticipatedthatthree-dimensionaldesigntoolswillbethenextevolvingtechnologyfortheapparelindustry.Thebasicproblemsinapparelproductsdesignarethefittingproblemandtherelated2D-patterngenerationproblem.Theultimategoalistodesignandproducewell-fittedpersonalizedgarmentsforindividuals,andthe3Dapproachisthemostrationalapproachtobeadoptedtorealizethisgoal.The3Dapproachconsistsofseveralkeyelements,whichincludeparameterized3D-mannequinmodeling；3D-garmentsimulation；3D-patterndesign,and3D/2D-patternconversion.Theaimofthisspecialissueistoprovideaforumforresearcherstoreviewthepastdevelopments,andtoidentifypossibledirectionsforfutureresearchon3D-approachestogarmentdesign.Thefivepapersselectedforthisspecialissueprovidebackgroundandtechniquesfor3D-applicationsintheapparelindustry.Thefirstpaperservesasacursoryreviewofclothsimulationtechnologywhichlaysthefoundationof3D-garmentdesign.Thefollowingthreepapersshowtechniquesfor3D-garmentdesigninavirtualenvironment.Thelastpaperinthisspecialissuegivesanoveltechniquetoconvert3D-garmentpiecesintocorrespondingtwopatterns.ThefirstpaperisareviewpaperfromChoiandKoonresearchproblemsinclothsimulation.Asafundamentaltechniqueforthedesignandmodificationofapparelitems,thephysics-basedclothsimulationtechniqueisusedtogeneraterealisticclothmotioninreal-time.Threetechnicalaspectsofclothsimulationarereviewedinthispaper:(1)garmentconstruction；(2)physicallybasedsimulation,and(3)collisiondetectionandresponse.Thetechnicalchallenges,namelycreatingmorerealisticresults；achievingfasterrunningtime,andconstructing/simulatingmorecomplexgarments,arehighlightedastheproblemsrequiringfurtherresearch.PresentedinthesecondpaperbyVolinoetal.isaframeworkwhichfitstheneedsoftheapparelindustryforvirtualgarmentdesignandprototyping.Theirapproachconcentratesoninteractivedesign,simulationandvisualizationfeatures.Asaresultoftheadvancesinvirtualgarmentsimulationtechnologiesinthelastdecade,theframeworkpresentedinthispaperintegratesthestate-of-the-artphysicalsimulationalgorithmswiththeinnovativedesigntoolstoprovideanefficientandqualitygarmentdesignandprototypingprocedure.Thethirdpaperdescribesanintegratedenvironment,whichallowsdesignerstovalidatetheirstyleanddesignoptionsthroughtheanalysisofgarmentvirtualprototypesandsimulationresults,sothatthenumberandroleofphysicalprototypesarereduced.Inlinewiththepreviouspaper,thegarmentvirtualprototypingmethodpresentedinthispaperisalsophysics-based.Theydefinetheparticlemeshassociatedwitheachfabricpanelasastructured2Dgridwhosecoordinatesalignedwiththedirectionalanisotropicwarpandweftpropertiesofthefabric.TheconstrainedNewtoniandynamicsisappliedtothemeshtodeterminethefinalshapeofafittedgarment.Applicationsandcasestudies,withanalysisofCADmodelingandphysicalsimulationresultsofseveralmaleandfemalegarmentitems,areshowninthepapertodemonstratethefunctionalityoftheirsystem.Inthefourthpaper,asynchronous3D-garmentsimulationresultupdatingalgorithmispresentedfor2D-garmentpatterndesignmodification.Withthisapproach,the3Dgarmentfittingsimulationisnotrequiredtorepeattheentiresimulationforevery2D-patternmodification,theefficiencyofthepatternmodificationprocessingisgreatlyenhanced.Anotheradvantageoftheproposedalgorithmisthatthemeshtopologyofthe2D-garmentpatternispreservedandthussimplifiesthenumericalschemebymaintainingtheconsistencyofthematrixequation.Inordertodeterminegoodfittingtwo-dimensionalflattenedpatternsfromuserdefinedthree-dimensionalsurfaceregions,anapproachispresentedbyMcChefifthpaper.Intheiralgorithm,anorthotropicstrainmodelisadoptedtoconvertthestrainvalueslockedinundevelopableregionstoenergyfunctions.Theseenergyfunctionsareminimizedbyflatteningofconstrainedtriangularmesh.Sincetheirstrainmodelisorthotropic,theirmethodcanhandletheflatteningproblemoforthotropicmaterialsthisisveryimportantforconverting3D-piecesinto2D-patternsforapparelmanufacturing.Theseaminsertionproblemsarealsoconsideredintheirpaper.Here,wewouldliketothankthereviewerswhoprovidedvaluablecommentsandinsightsforallpapersinthisspecialissue.Thepapersinthespec