外文翻譯--模具設計制造的發(fā)展.doc

英文文獻：ThedevelopmentofthemoulddesignmanufacturePlasticindustryistheworldoneofthefastestgrowingindustries.Since1909realizechemicalsynthesismethodwithpureproductionofplastic,startingwithplasticindustrymorethan90yearsofhistoryhas.In1927,PVCplasticpolymerchemistrysincetheadvent,alongwiththedevelopmentoftechnology,variousperformanceplastic,especiallypolyamide,polyformaldehyde,ABS,polycarbonate,poly(PSF,polystyreneether,fluorineplasticengineeringplasticdevelopmentisrapid,itsspeedexceededpolyethylene,polypropylene,PVCandpolystyrenefourgeneralplastic,plasticpiecesinindustrialproductsandsuppliesfromawiderangeofapplications,plasticinsteadofmetalexamples,everywhere.Plastichastheadvantagesofaseriesofmetal,suchas:lessweight,corrosionresistance,electricalinsulationgood,easilymodelling,highefficiencyandlowcost,etc.Buttherearealsomanyitsdefects,suchas:anti-agingsex,heat-resistant,antistatic,resistancetoflammabilityandmechanicalstrengthbelowthanmetal.Butasthepolymersynthesistechnology,materialmodificationtechnologyandformingtechnologyprogress,moreandmoreexcellentperformanceplasticpolymermaterialsareconstantlyemerging,whichpromptedplasticindustrytheleapdevelopment.Plasticspeciesincreased,newengineeringplasticvarietiesofplasticmoldingequipment,increased,formingtechnologyandmouldtechnologylevelofdevelopmentfortheapplicationofplasticparts,developedthewidefield.Atpresent,theplasticpartsofthenationaleconomyalreadydeepintoeachdepartment.Especiallyinofficemachines,camera,automobile,instrumentandapparatus,machinerymanufacturing,aviation,transportation,communication,lightindustry,buildingmaterialsproducts,dailynecessitiesandhouseholdappliancesindustrytrendofthepartsplasticcontinuouslystrengthened,andhavesoldproducts.Accordingtoreports,theUnitedStateshasbecomethecountrysfirstplasticindustryfourlargestindustrialannually,plasticconsumptionhasmorethansteel.Intheworldaccordingtothesizeandweightcomputationoftheconsumptionofplasticpartsalsoexceededsteel.TheplasticsindustryinChinaisexpandingrapidly,especiallyinthelast20years,yieldandvarietyaregreatlyincreased,manynoveltyengineeringplasticalsohasalreadyputinbatchproduction.Plasticsin1990,thehighestintheworld536.8tonstofourthplace.Nowadays,Chinaplasticsindustryhasformedafairlylargecompletesystem,itincludesplasticproduction,forming,plasticmachineryequipment,toolingandscientificresearch,personneltraining,etc.Plasticindustryinthenationaleconomyineachdepartmentplaysamoreandbiggerrole.Alongwiththescienceandtechnologyprogressandthenationaleconomydevelopmenttoextensiveplasticparts,plasticmouldingtechnologyneedstohighprecision,highefficiencyandbeinglonglifetimeinthatdirection.Becauseitisacomprehensivetechnology,soitsdevelopmentwillinevitablyinvolvemanyareasofmutualcooperation.1.Theprogressofplasticmoldingtheoryofplasticinallkindsofmoldfillingprocesstherheologicalbehaviorresearchunceasinglythorough；Relevantextrusionrheologicaltheoryandmathematicalmodelhasbeensetup,basicallyinactualproductionandhasbeenusedin；Therheologicaltheoryaboutinjectionmoldingisdiscussed；inTheplasticinjectionmoldingmeltinapeacekeepingtwo-dimensionalsimplecavityofmoldfillingflowtheoryandmathematicalmodelhassolvedsomewhat,thefutureworkistocombinetheorywithpracticalproductiontofurtherenhancetheplasticmeltin3-dcavityflowbehavioroftheresearch.Furtherdeepenthetheoreticalbasisandtheplasticmoldingtechnologyprincipleofstudysoastoimprovemoldingprocessmethods,moldingandshapingequipments.2.Theplasticmoldingmethodinnovationforsomenewplasticandsomehavespecialrequirements,theoldplasticpartsmoldingmethodhasnolongerapply.Therefore,inrecentyearsappearedalotofnewmethods,suchastheplasticmoldingmaterialswithoutportcoagulationthermosettingplasticinjectionmolding,theinjectionmolding,lowfoaminjectionmolding,exhaustinjectionmolding,flowinjectionmolding,powermolteninjectionmolding,gas-assistedinjectionmoldingandmanyvarietiesofplasticinjectionmolding,castingofplasticmolding,plasticpowdersinteringmoldingetc.3.Plasticpiecesofprecision,miniaturizationandsuper-largechangeinordertomeetvariousdepartmentsofnationaleconomyofplasticpartsofprecision,miniaturizationandsuperoperatingrequirementsofhighprecisionmould,miniatureandlargemolddeveloped,smallsizeandtypeofplasticmoldingequipmentalsoconstantlyemerging,forexample,Germanyinjectionquantitydevelopedonly0.1gminiatureinjectionmachine.Canproduce0.05gaminiatureplasticproductsaround.Domesticmanufacturingof0.5gramsinjectionmachineandcanproduceabout0.1gaminiatureplasticproducts(suchaswatchshaft,etc.).Moldismoldedpartsofoneofimportanttechnicalequipmentproduction.Mouldwithitsparticularshapethroughcertainwaymakesrawmaterialmolding.Differentplasticformingmethodsusingdifferentmoldingtechnologyandprincipleandstructurecharacteristicsandnotthesameplasticmould.Plasticsqualityfitandunfitqualityandproductionefficiency,mouldfactorsaccountfor80%.Apairofgoodqualityinjectionmouldcanmoldingmillionsoftimes,compressionmoduluscanproduceabout250,000,theseallmadewithmolddesignandhasagreatrelationship.Inthemodernplasticsproduction,reasonablemouldingtechnology,efficientmoldingequipment,advancedplasticmouldandmanufacturingtechnologyisindispensablefactors,especiallyplasticmouldtorealizeplasticprocessingtechnologyrequirements,theuseofplasticpartsrequirementandmodellingdesignplaysanimportantrole.Efficientautomaticequipmentalsoonlyloadedontoautomateproductionmoldjustmayexertitseffectiveness,theproductionandtheupdateismolddesignandmanufacturingandupdatedastheprerequisite.Asthenationaleconomyinallareasofthedepartmentofplasticpartsdemandvarietiesandyieldincreasing,productsrenewalcycleincreasinglyshort,userstotherequirementsofthequalityofplasticpartsincreasinglyhigh,soformoulddesignandmanufacturingcycleandqualityputforwardhigherrequest,promptingplasticmolddesignandmanufacturingtechnologyevolvingdevelopment,thuspushingtheplasticindustrialproductionandhigh-speeddevelopment,say,moulddesignandmanufacturelevelmarksanationalindustrializationdevelopmentdegree.中文翻譯：模具設計制造的發(fā)展塑料工業(yè)是世界上增長最快的工業(yè)之一。自1909年實現(xiàn)以純粹化學合成方法生產(chǎn)塑料算起，塑料工業(yè)已有90余年的歷史。1927年聚氯乙烯塑料問世以來，隨著高分子化學技術的發(fā)展，各種性能的塑料，特別是聚酰胺、聚甲醛、ABS、聚碳酸酯、聚砜、聚苯醚、氟塑料等工程塑料發(fā)展迅速，其速度超過了聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯與聚苯乙烯等四種通用塑料，使塑件在工業(yè)產(chǎn)品與生活用品方面獲得廣泛的應用，以塑料代替金屬的實例，比比皆是。塑料有著一系列金屬所不及的優(yōu)點，諸如：重量輕、耐腐蝕、電氣絕緣性好、易于造型、生產(chǎn)效率高與成本低廉等。但也存在許多自身的缺陷，諸如：抗老化性、耐熱性、抗靜電性、耐燃性及比機械強度低于金屬。但隨著高分子合成技術、材料改性技術及成型工藝的進步，愈來愈多的具有優(yōu)異性能的塑料高分子材料不斷涌現(xiàn)，從而促使塑料工業(yè)飛躍發(fā)展。塑料的種類增多，新的工程塑料品種的增加，塑料成型設備、成型工藝技術和模具技術水平的發(fā)展，為塑件的應用開拓了廣闊的領域。目前，塑件已深入到國民經(jīng)濟的各個部門中。特別是在辦公機器、照相機、汽車、儀器儀表、機械制造、航空、交通、通信、輕工、建材業(yè)產(chǎn)品、日用品以及家用電器行業(yè)中的零件塑料化的趨勢不斷加強，并且陸續(xù)出現(xiàn)全塑產(chǎn)品。據(jù)報道，美國塑料工業(yè)已變?yōu)槿赖谒膫€最大的工業(yè)，每年的塑料消耗量已經(jīng)超過鋼材。在全世界按照體積和重量計算塑件的消耗量也超過了鋼