高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法-省略句

1、.,Ellipsis 省略,.,在英語(yǔ)中，為了避免重復(fù)而省去某些重復(fù)的部分，這種現(xiàn)象叫省略。如：,: Beg you pardon.,: Sounds like a good idea.,: （ I ）Beg you pardon.,: ( It ) Sounds like a good idea.,定義,.,一 簡(jiǎn)單句中的省略,1、 省略主語(yǔ) 祈使句中主語(yǔ)通常省略,: Doesnt matter.,: ( It ) doesnt matter.,: ( It ) Sounds like a good idea.,.,2、省略主謂或主謂語(yǔ)的一部分。如：,（省略主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)）,: What/How

2、 (do you think) about a cup of tea ?,: Why (do you) not say hello to him ?,.,3、省略表語(yǔ)。,: Are you thirsty? Yes, I am .,: His brother isnt lazy, nor is his sister .,(thirsty).,(lazy).,4、同時(shí)省略幾個(gè)成分,: Lets meet at the same place as yesterday.,(we met),同時(shí)省略主、謂語(yǔ),.,: Have you finished your work ? Not yet.,I ha

3、ve not finished my homework yet.,I have not finished my homework yet.,I have not finished my homework yet.,.,1. My brother is a doctor and my sister-in-law (is) a lawyer.,省略相同的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,在由and連接的一些句子中，為避免重復(fù)常省略一些重復(fù)的詞或詞組。,When summer comes, the day is getting longer and longer, and the night (is getting) sh

4、orter and shorter.,二 并列句中的省略,.,2. Mr. Smith picked up a coin in the road and (Mr. Smith) handed it to a policeman.,3. Jack must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.,4. His advice made me happy, but (his advice made) Jim angry. 5. I was born in winter in 1988 and B

5、ob ( was born in winter) in 1989.,6. He was late because he had overslept and ( because he had) missed the train.,省略共同的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。,省略后面的助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,省略后面的主謂成分,省略主要?jiǎng)釉~及后續(xù)部分,省略重復(fù)的介詞，連詞及后續(xù)部分,.,1、主句中有一些成分被省略，省略多用于句首, 如：,: Sorry to hear you are ill.,: Pity that he missed such a good chance.,( Im ),( Its a ),三 復(fù)合句中

6、的省略,.,: Are you leaving for Beijing this Sunday? I think so.,so,Im leaving for Beijing this Sunday.,: Tom must be free today. If so, he can help us.,so,he is free.,從句中有一些成分被省略、而用so或not來(lái)代替,.,: It is going to rain, isnt it? I hope not.,not,it is not going to rain.,Note: so常用于替代肯定形式的從句， 而not常用來(lái)替代否定形式的從

7、句。 常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有：think、imagine、guess、say、hope、fear等。 這種用法常見(jiàn)的有：How so? Why so? Is that so? I hope so. He said so.及I suppose/believe/hope not. Why not?等等。,.,: We all know (that) the earth runs around the sun.,(that),2.賓語(yǔ)從句中的省略 賓語(yǔ)從句中常省略連詞that，但當(dāng)有兩個(gè)并列的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，第二個(gè)that則不能省略。,: Mary said (that) she is from American

8、 and that she is 16 years old.,(that),由which, when, where, how和why引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，可全部或部分省略。 He will come back, but he doesnt know when ( he will come back).,( he will come back),.,3.定語(yǔ)從句中的省略 A:在定語(yǔ)從句中，that, which, who在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。,: I havent read the book (that/ which) youre reading.,(that/ which),: The man (

9、that/ who) your father just talked to is our English teacher, Mr. Smith.,(that/ who),B: 定語(yǔ)從句中的“主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞be”可以省略。 The goods (which were) ordered last month havent arrived yet.,(which were),.,4.狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略 在以when, while, once引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句及以if, unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中和though, although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果從句中的主語(yǔ)與主句中的主語(yǔ)指同一對(duì)象，且從句

10、中含有be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，從句中可省去“主語(yǔ)+be”部分。,.,: When asked what he had done, John just kept silent.,: When he was asked what he had done, John just kept silent.,he,: If he is free, Jack will go with us.,he was,: If free, Jack will go with us.,he is,.,: Unless invited, he wont come.,: Unless he is invited, he wont com

11、e.,he,: While he is doing house work, my father often listens to music.,he is,: While doing house work, my father often listens to music.,he is,he,.,動(dòng)詞不定式中為了避免重復(fù)，省去與前面出現(xiàn)的相同部分，只保留to，但如果在省略的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中含有be，have, have been時(shí)，要保留這些詞。,: Are you going there? Yes, Id like to .,: He didnt give me the chance, thou

12、gh he had promised to .,: Are you an engineer? No, but I want to .,: He hasnt finished the task yet. Well, he ought to .,(go there).,(give me the chance).,be,have,四 不定式中的省略,.,Attention !,使役動(dòng)詞及感官動(dòng)詞后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式一定要省去to,但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中須將to復(fù)原。,: I noticed a man to enter the classroom when I passed by.,: A man wa

13、s noticed to enter the classroom.,to,X,這類(lèi)使役動(dòng)詞及感官動(dòng)詞主要有,一“感”:,二“聽(tīng)”:,三“讓”:,四“看”:,feel,hear,listen to,have,make,let,watch,notice,observe,see,.,在以if引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句中若含有were, had, should時(shí)，常可以省略if而將were, had, should置于句首。,: Were I you, Id give the AIDS patient a hug.,Were,: Had I a lot of money, Id aid the poor ch

14、ildren.,Had,: Should there be bird-flu, what would we do?,Should,虛擬條件句中的省略,If I were you, Id give the AIDS patient a hug.,If I had a lot of money, Id aid the poor children.,.,: He suggest we should set out right away.,(should),在含有表示“命令、要求、建議、許可”或“禁止”等意義的名詞性從句中使用“should + 動(dòng)詞原形”表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣的，should?？梢允÷浴Ｈ纾?

15、: His suggestion is that we should set out right away.,(should),: The order that we should stay where we are is very serious and severe.,(should),: Its very important that students should study hard at school.,(should),.,介詞的省略（考點(diǎn)） 1. 一些常和動(dòng)名詞、形容詞一起搭配的介詞常省略，而保留其后的 動(dòng)名詞，常見(jiàn)的句型有spend/waste time (in) doing

16、, lose no time (in) doing； have difficult/trouble (in) doing； be busy (in) doing； stop/prevent sb. (from) doing 等。 eg. The heavy rain prevented him (from) arriving there on time. She lost no time (in) giving the patient first aid.,.,2. 表示行為方式的in在in this way, in the same way, in another way等詞組中，經(jīng)常被省略

17、。 He did it (in) this way.,.,八、會(huì)話中的省略。 省略在會(huì)話中應(yīng)用廣泛，無(wú)論是回答別人問(wèn)題，還是在接別人說(shuō)話時(shí)都會(huì)發(fā)生，否則就覺(jué)得累贅。 -Do you like this shirt? -Yes, (I like it) very much. (Come) This way, please. -What do you think made Mary so upset? -Losing her bicycle (made her so upset).,.,Practice,Exercises about Ellipsis.,.,Discovering useful

18、structures,3.,Rewrite these sentences by taking out the unnecessary parts.,The burn that she got from the iron was red and it was very painful.,(_),P37,.,2. A boy was on the left side of the sick woman, and a girl was on the right side of the sick woman. 3. She has a daughter who is in hospital. 4.

19、He went to the doctor because he had to go to the doctor .,(_),(_),(_),5. Did she pass the first aid test that she did yesterday or didnt she pass?,or not.,.,6. She could not decided whether to send him to hospital or not to send him to hospital . 7. When your nose is bleeding, you should bend forwa

20、rd so that the blood runs out of your nose and the blood doesnt run down your throat. 8. Only some of the students have done a first aid course but most of the students havent done a first aid course .,not down your throat.,.,These sentences are correct. However, one or more words have been left out

21、. Can you tell your partner which words are missing ?,1)The cottage surrounded by a wall belongs to the local government.,The cottage (which is) surrounded by a wall belongs to the local government.,P37 4.,.,2)The first book I read this term was more interesting than the second.,The first book (that

22、) I read this term was more interesting than the second (book that I read this term).,.,3) To her teachers surprise, she did better in her first aid exam than expected.,To her teachers surprise, she did better in her first aid exam than (she was) expected (to do).,.,4) I dont think they have returne

23、d from the hospital, but they might have.,I dont think they have returned from the hospital, but they might have (returned from the hospital).,.,5) He wanted to help the accident victim but his friend didnt.,He wanted to help the accident victim but his friend didnt (want to help the accident victim

24、).,.,6) You can borrow my first aid notes if you want to.,You can borrow my first aid notes if you want to (borrow my first aid notes).,.,I. Choose the best answers.,1)-Tomorrow is a holiday. Why are you doing your homework? -I am doing these exercises now so that I wont have _ on Sunday. A. it B. t

25、hem C. for D. to,.,2)-Shall I invite Ann to my birthday party tomorrow evening? -Yes. Itll be fine if you_. A. are B. can C. invite D. do 3)- Arent you the manager? - No, and I_ A.dont want to B. dont want to be C. dont want be D. dont want,.,4)-Ill be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking

26、 after my cat? -Not at all_. A. Ive no time B. Id rather not C. Id like it D. Id be glad to 5)- Wont you have another try? - _. A. Yes, I will have B. Yes, I wont have C. Yes, I wont D. Yes, I will,.,7)-Do you think it will snow tomorrow? -_? A.I dont think B. No, I dont think C. I dont think so D.

27、No, I dont so 8)-Have you fed the cat? -No, but_. A. Im B. I am C. Im just going D. Im just going to,.,II.單項(xiàng)選擇 1. -I wont do it any more. -_? A. Why dont B. Why dont do it any more C. Why not D. Why not to 2. Although _ to stop, he kept on working. A. tell B. telling C. having told D. told 3. -Will

28、you waste time and money on that? - -Certainly_. A. I not B. dont C. not D. no,.,4. -Mary didnt attend the lecture, did she? -Yes, she_. A. attended B. didnt attend C. didnt D. did 5. -Whats John doing? - _ newspapers in the room. A. She reading B. She reads C. To read D. Reading 6. _ always succeed

29、. A. Honest and clever students B. Students who honest and clever C. Honest students and clever D. Students are honest and clever,.,7. -Can you climb that tree, my boy? -_? A. I B. MyselfC. MineD. Me 8. Some people are against the plan but _ support it. A. any more B. many more C. much moreD. no mor

30、e 9. -Ill be away for a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat? -Not at all. _. A. Ive no timeB. Id rather not C. Id like to D. Id be happy to,.,10. -Why not go and have a dinner in a restaurant? -_. Its too expensive. A. Why not B. I agree C. Im afraid notD. Im sure 11. _ I had time, I

31、would have run round that lake again. IfB. UnlessC. HadD. When 12. -What do you think made Mary so upset? - _ her bicycle. As she lost B. Lost C. Because of losingD. Losing,.,II. 下列各句均有一處錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)指出并改正。 1. Our hometown is no longer what it used to. 2. When I in trouble, I always turn to her for help. 3.

32、Tom picked up a coin in the road and handed one to a policeman.,be,第一個(gè)I 后加am 或去掉第一個(gè)I,it,.,4. No one can bear being laughed in public. 5. When comparing with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean doesnt seem big at all. 6. The goods were ordered last month havent arrived yet.,at,compared,goo

33、ds后加that 或去掉were,.,語(yǔ)法應(yīng)試 I. 改寫(xiě)句子 （使用省略手段避免下面各句重復(fù)與冗贅） 1. Someone has used my mobile phone, but I dont know who has used it. 2. John worked hard but his brother did not work hard. 3. I have lazy students and hardworking students in my class. 4. - Has he ever been abroad? - No, he has never been abroad.

34、,.,5. If it is necessary, we will finish it ahead of time. 6. You must not be late and you must not be absent. 7. Give me your name and address, please. 8. It is well done. 9. Mother can take a rest, Mother should take a rest but Mother wont take a rest after long hours of work. 10. He could answer

35、the questions very well if he would answer the questions but he didnt answer the questions.,.,【語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練】 【單項(xiàng)選擇【 1“I slipped on the stairs. I think my arm is broken.” “Oh! I _.” A. do not hope to B. do not hope C. hope not so D. hope not 2.“Is Professor Tate very sick?” “Im afraid _.” A. so B. this C.

36、to D. that 3.I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have _. A. itB. thoseC. themD. one 4.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to doC. not do it D. do not do,.,5.“Do you think its going to rain over the weekend?” “_.” A. I dont belie

37、veB. I dont believe it C. I believe not soD. I believe not 6.“Dont forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.” “_.” A. I dont B. I wont C. I cant D. I havent 7.“Ill be away on business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?” “Not at all. _.” A. Ive no timeB. Id rather not C. Id like itD. Id b

38、e happy to,.,8.“Why dont we take a little break?” “Didnt we just have _?” A. itB. that C. one D. that 9.“There will be a new film on show.” “Im afraid _.” A. soB. maybe C. not D. that 10.“We all hate pollution.”“ _.” A. Yes, everyone hatesB. Yes, everyone does C. No, I like notD. No, I dont,.,高考真題,1

39、. Would you like some more tea? _, please.（NMET2005，全國(guó)卷II，12） A. No moreB. Just a little C. Ive had enoughD. Yes, I would,2. Itll take at least 2 hours to do this! Oh, _! I could do it in 30 minutes. (NMET2005，上海 39) A. come onB. pardon me C. your are rightD. dont mention it,.,高考真題,3. How about putt

40、ing some pictures into the report? _ A picture is worth a thousand words. （NMET2005，江蘇，24） A. No way.B. Why not? C. All right?D. No matter.,4. When _ help, one often says “Thank you.” or “Its kind of you.” (NMET2005，福建，33) A. offeringB. to offer C. to be offeredD. offered,.,高考真題,5. Why didnt you buy

41、 the camera you had longed for? I planed to, but I was 50 _. （NMET2005，福建，34） A. fewerB. less C. cheapD. short,6. Would you mind my coming over and having a look at your new garden? My little sons curious about those roses you grow.” _. Youre welcome. (NMET2005，湖北，25) A. Yes, I do B. Never mind C. Y

42、es, pleaseD. Not at all,.,高考真題,7. Tom: Mike, our team will play against the Rockets this weekend. Im sure we will win. Mike: _! （NMET2005，廣東，21） A. CongratulationsB. Cheers C. Best wishesD. Good luck,8. Tara: This is Tara Patel from cotton House in Kidderminster. Could I speak to Mr. Smith, please? Smith: _ (NMET2005，廣東，22） A. Hello! B. Im Mr. Smith. C. Who are you?D. Speaking,.,高考真題,9. My family usually goes skating for vacation. I like skating, but I want to try something different this year. _ （NMET2005，重慶，22） A.Lets go.B. Cheer up