小升初英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法時(shí)態(tài)講解與歸納

1、小升初英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法時(shí)態(tài)講解與歸納一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一. 意義：表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事情，動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)二. 構(gòu)成及變化1.be動(dòng)詞的變化。肯定句：主語(yǔ)+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一個(gè)男孩。否定句：主語(yǔ)+ be + not +其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑問(wèn)句：Be +主語(yǔ)+其它。 如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not.特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句。如：Where is my bike?2. 行為動(dòng)詞的變化。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第一，二人稱(chēng)及復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，助動(dòng)詞為do肯定句：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形(+其它)

2、。如：We often play basketball after school.否定句：主語(yǔ)+ dont+動(dòng)詞原形(+其它)。如：we dont play basketball after school.一般疑問(wèn)句：Do +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它?如： Do you often play basketball after school l? Yes, we do. / No, we dont.特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+以do開(kāi)頭的一般疑問(wèn)句？如： What do you often do after school ?當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí) ,助動(dòng)詞為does肯定句：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞三單式(+其它)。如：

3、He swims well.否定句：主語(yǔ)+ doesnt+動(dòng)詞原形(+其它)。如：He doesnt swim well.一般疑問(wèn)句：Does +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它。如：Does he swim well ? Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt.特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+以does開(kāi)頭的一般疑問(wèn)句？如： How does your father go to work?三第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)的動(dòng)詞變化規(guī)則（只有在第三人稱(chēng)為主語(yǔ)的肯定句中，動(dòng)詞才用三單式）(1)多數(shù)動(dòng)詞直接加s:runs gets likes collets takes plays climbs.(2)結(jié)尾是s, x,

4、 sh, ch, o,前為輔音字母,結(jié)尾加es :watches teaches goes does washes crosses mixes brushes(3)動(dòng)詞末尾y前為輔音:將y改為i加es: studystudies flyflies carrycarries crycries但在y前如果為元音則直接加s:buys says四時(shí)間標(biāo)志：always , usually , often , sometimes ,every現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一意義當(dāng)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或正在發(fā)生的事。二構(gòu)成:be (am, is ,are )+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞-ing形式肯定句： 主語(yǔ) + be + 現(xiàn)在分詞V

5、-ing (+ 其他) Im doing my homework now .否定句：主語(yǔ)+be+not+動(dòng)詞-ing +其他. Im not doing my homework now.一般疑問(wèn)句：Be+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞-ing +其他？Are you doing your home work now? Yes, I am . No , Im not .特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+be+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞-ing+其他？What are you doing now ?三. 現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成：（1）一般在動(dòng)詞末尾直接加ing,（2）以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先去掉e,再加ing，如 skate skating ma

6、ke making dance dancing write writing have having ride riding come coming（3）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，中間只有一個(gè)元音字母，詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，應(yīng)雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母，再加ing, 如： putting running beginning stopping swimming shopping jogging sitting getting forgetting letting四.時(shí)間標(biāo)志now，句前的look ,listen一般過(guò)去時(shí)一意義:表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的事情或存在的狀態(tài).二構(gòu)成及變化1. Be動(dòng)詞在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中

7、的變化：am 和is在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣as。（was not=wasnt）are在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣ere。（were not=werent）帶有was或were的句子，其否定、疑問(wèn)的變化和is, am, are一樣，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑問(wèn)句把was或were調(diào)到句首。2.行為動(dòng)詞在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中的變化：肯定句 ： 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式 .I watched a film last Sunday .否定句 ： 主語(yǔ)+ didnt + 動(dòng)詞原形.I didnt watch a film last Sunday .一般疑問(wèn)句：Did + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞原形 ?Did yo

8、u watch a film last Sunday ? Yes, I did . No , I didnt .特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+ 以did 開(kāi)頭的一般疑問(wèn)句 ?What did you do last Sunday ?三、時(shí)間標(biāo)志：yesterday,yesterday morning (afternoon, evening)last night (week, month, year),a moment ago , a week ago, three years agojust now,一般將來(lái)時(shí)一.意義:表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示將來(lái)經(jīng)常或重復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。二. 構(gòu)成

9、及變化：一般將來(lái)時(shí)常用的兩種結(jié)構(gòu)be going to+動(dòng)詞原形 : 表示打算、準(zhǔn)備做的事或即將發(fā)生或肯定要發(fā)生的事。shallwill+動(dòng)詞原形 : 表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況，沒(méi)有太多的計(jì)劃性, 還用來(lái)表示意愿1. be going to +動(dòng)詞原形1.肯定句 主語(yǔ)+be(am /,is,/ are) going to +動(dòng)詞原形+其它成份My sister is going to learn English next year. 我姐姐準(zhǔn)備明年學(xué)英語(yǔ)。2.否定句 主語(yǔ)+be（am / is / are）not going to +動(dòng)詞原形 +其它成份I am not going to（go

10、 to）the cinema tonight. 我今天晚上不打算去看電影。3.一般疑問(wèn)句 Be (am / is / are)+主語(yǔ)+going to+動(dòng)詞原型+其它成份?Is your father going to play basketball with you ?No , he isnt.你父親打算和你去打籃球嗎?不。4.特殊疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)詞(Wh-)+一般疑問(wèn)句 ?Where are you going to spend Spring Fesital.? 春節(jié)你打算在哪過(guò)？5.注意: be going to 結(jié)構(gòu)后面習(xí)慣上不跟 go ， come 等表位移的動(dòng)詞，一般用該動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)

11、形式表示。如: Hes going to New York next week.下周他要去紐約.2.will /shall +動(dòng)詞原形（在書(shū)面語(yǔ)中，主語(yǔ)是第一人稱(chēng)時(shí)，常用shall ,在口語(yǔ)中，所有人稱(chēng)都可以用will）1.肯定句 主語(yǔ)+will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形+其它成份I (shall) write to him next week. 下周我將給他寫(xiě)信。2.否定句 主語(yǔ) + will /shall+ not + 動(dòng)詞原形 +其它成份They wont watch TV this evening.今天晚上他們不看電視。3.一般疑問(wèn)句 will/shall+主語(yǔ) +動(dòng)詞原形+其它成份Will you stay at home with us tomorrow ？ 明天你和我們呆在家里好嗎？4.特殊疑問(wèn)句 特殊疑問(wèn)詞(Wh-) +一般疑問(wèn)句When will your father be back? 你爸爸什么時(shí)侯回來(lái)？三、附 :Shall I /we 常用來(lái)征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)，而問(wèn)對(duì)方是否愿意，或者表示客氣的邀請(qǐng)，常用Will you?他們的回答比較靈活。1Shall we go to the park ?肯定Sure , lets go .否定 No , lets go to the cinema.2.Will you plea