初中英語語法有效策略演示課件

1、1,初中英語高效能語法教學(xué)探究,學(xué)生雙語報(bào) 劉鷹,2,語法教學(xué)的現(xiàn)狀與挑戰(zhàn),教學(xué)理念：淡化語法 命題方式：分值比例與交際語境 教材：表述、練習(xí)與語法規(guī)則,3,教師的反應(yīng),不適應(yīng)教材的編寫方式與內(nèi)容 不適應(yīng)新的語法題型 不適應(yīng)新教學(xué)方法中的語法講解 陷入了淡化語法的誤區(qū),4,學(xué)生的反應(yīng),更喜歡教師多講、細(xì)講 喜歡追根問底，研究規(guī)則 將語法與交流技能割裂開來學(xué)習(xí),5,深陷困境的語法教學(xué),語法教學(xué)已陷入困境，人所共知 舊轉(zhuǎn)新的困惑，很正常。,6,講座內(nèi)容劇透,問題的分析 解決的方案 教學(xué)的案例,7,問題的分析,導(dǎo)致困境的原因，確定真實(shí)的問題 教學(xué)理念 教材 課堂教學(xué),8,傳統(tǒng)語法教學(xué)特點(diǎn)：理念與認(rèn)識(shí)

2、,語法與單詞是英語學(xué)習(xí)的兩大基礎(chǔ) 語法是一種知識(shí)，而非技能 語法體系應(yīng)當(dāng)以詞法而非句法來組織 語法的核心是語言的形式規(guī)則而非用 語法的教學(xué)以分析與解釋語法規(guī)則為主 規(guī)則講解+練習(xí)是語法教學(xué)的最佳方式,9,傳統(tǒng)語法教學(xué)特點(diǎn)：教材編寫,教材結(jié)構(gòu)的編排特點(diǎn) 語法內(nèi)容按結(jié)構(gòu)的難易順序編寫 語法講解相對(duì)集中，難點(diǎn)不夠分散 教材內(nèi)容的寫作特點(diǎn) 語法內(nèi)容細(xì)碎繁難、枯燥乏味 例句脫離生活與語境，多為中式英語 練習(xí)僅僅與語法規(guī)則配合，為規(guī)則服務(wù) 練習(xí)內(nèi)容與課文內(nèi)容及生活語境沒有關(guān)聯(lián),10,傳統(tǒng)語法教學(xué)特點(diǎn)：教材結(jié)構(gòu),語法內(nèi)容按結(jié)構(gòu)的難易順序編寫 講解相對(duì)集中，難點(diǎn)不夠分散,11,傳統(tǒng)語法教學(xué)特點(diǎn)：教材寫作,語法

3、內(nèi)容細(xì)碎繁難、枯燥乏味 例句脫離生活與語境，有些是中式英語 練習(xí)僅僅與語法規(guī)則配合，為規(guī)則服務(wù) 練習(xí)內(nèi)容與課文內(nèi)容及生活語境沒有關(guān)聯(lián),12,傳統(tǒng)語法教學(xué)特點(diǎn)：課堂操作,規(guī)則講解先于語言接觸與輸入 講解以演繹為主，而非歸納總結(jié) 講解方式單調(diào)：規(guī)則、示例加練習(xí),13,傳統(tǒng)語法教學(xué)特點(diǎn)：練習(xí)形式,完全依照考試題型設(shè)計(jì) 單項(xiàng)選擇或選詞填空 各類針對(duì)句式結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換式操練 短文或句子改錯(cuò) 英語與漢語翻譯,14,傳統(tǒng)語法教學(xué)特點(diǎn)：學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí),語法學(xué)習(xí)就是理解與記憶語法規(guī)則 不了解語法形式與意義及功能的關(guān)系 運(yùn)用語法的基本方式就是做語法練習(xí) 缺乏在語言運(yùn)用中，如聽、讀、寫的過程中運(yùn)用語法的訓(xùn)練 缺乏在語境中判

4、斷規(guī)則正確時(shí)的能力,15,傳統(tǒng)語法教學(xué)弊端：理念與認(rèn)識(shí),語法就是規(guī)則與形式,16,傳統(tǒng)語法教學(xué)的弊端：教材問題,讓語言適應(yīng)語法 沒有突出語法的主線結(jié)構(gòu) 沒有區(qū)分易懂多錯(cuò)與難懂不易錯(cuò)二類語法內(nèi)容 一次性解決應(yīng)多次循環(huán)重復(fù)的語法難點(diǎn) 缺乏英漢語言結(jié)構(gòu)的比較,17,傳統(tǒng)語法教學(xué)的弊端：教師教學(xué),以規(guī)則說明與解說，而非交流與運(yùn)用 注重語法形式，忽視語法的意義與功能 缺乏語境中的歸納，注重規(guī)則演繹 以教師講解為主，而非學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)為主 教師單向灌輸，學(xué)生被動(dòng)接受,18,傳統(tǒng)語法教學(xué)的弊端：學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生感覺語法學(xué)習(xí)枯燥乏味 學(xué)習(xí)語法以記憶規(guī)則為主 學(xué)生熟知規(guī)則后，很難在交流中運(yùn)用 學(xué)生會(huì)說出寫出合于語法的中

5、式英語,19,解決的方案,轉(zhuǎn)變理念與認(rèn)識(shí) 理解教材結(jié)構(gòu) 選擇與編寫優(yōu)質(zhì)教學(xué)材料 教學(xué)實(shí)例分析,20,語法是什么？,一種表述意義的方式(ways of saying something) 一種功能與意念的表達(dá)方式(ways of expressing notions and ideas) 三維語法觀：形式、意義與使用（form, meaning, use）,21,語法教學(xué)的原則,語言接觸與輸入先于規(guī)則總結(jié)與練習(xí) 從已知的語言材料歸納規(guī)則，而不是推理規(guī)則 以句法中心而非以詞法中心，句法帶動(dòng)詞法 Verb patterns and word order Joining words and types

6、 of sentences Types of words and syntax,22,以句法中心,動(dòng)詞句型與詞的順序 詞的類型與句式 結(jié)構(gòu)詞與實(shí)意動(dòng)詞,23,英語與漢語的比較,英語的形式化特征與漢語的意義特征 I like it here，我喜歡這兒 鳥宿池邊樹，僧敲月下門 千江有水千江月 漢語的無主句： 去哪兒？下雨了 身未動(dòng)、心先遠(yuǎn) 非生物主語: The dawn found her on the way to the city.,24,理解新教材的結(jié)構(gòu),人教版新目標(biāo)語法體例分析 Grammar Focus & Grammar in Context Grade 9 Unit 6,25,語法

7、輔導(dǎo)材料的選擇,初中階段原則上不需要專門的語法教材 中考復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)，可考慮一本系統(tǒng)的語法書 選擇的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：簡(jiǎn)明、清晰、準(zhǔn)確 可推薦的語法書： 沒有見到適合初中學(xué)生使用的語法書。 初中教師可以考慮的兩本語法書 朗文英語語法 新編英語語法（簡(jiǎn)編本）章振邦著,26,語法教學(xué)的操作,以語言接觸與輸入為先導(dǎo)，不必過于介意學(xué)生在初次接觸時(shí)是否了解語法的形式，注重意義理解 歸納式講解 句子中心 動(dòng)詞中心 真實(shí)的交際情景與多樣化練習(xí)形式,27,操作實(shí)例之一,新目標(biāo)語法講解示范 Grade Nine Unit 6: I like musich that I can dance to,28,操作實(shí)例之二：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài),

8、語言材料：課文之外，三到四篇文章 學(xué)生預(yù)習(xí)時(shí)，先劃出新的語法現(xiàn)象：沒有講解過的，不是沒有接觸過的 上課的三個(gè)步驟：學(xué)生分組進(jìn)行 討論新的語法 總結(jié)新的語法形式特點(diǎn) 討論這種語法形式的意義 講解這種語法形式與意義的功能用用法及其與一般過去時(shí)的比較,29,Passage One,The best way to save endangered animals is to protect them and help them have safe places to live. Many countries have set up protected areas to protect the endan

9、gered animals. Animals can live there safely. People have turned large areas in Africa into wildlife parks to save the animals there. However, because of the size of the parks it is hard to protect the animals. Sometimes people cant protect some animals and the places where they live. As a result, m

10、any animals have become endangered or have moved away.（雙語學(xué)習(xí)報(bào)，時(shí)文閱讀版，2006-2007，4級(jí)，第4期 2版 ）,30,Passage Two,Kids born in the late 1980s and the 1990s know little about Chinese cartoon films and grow up with movies from Hollywood and Japan.Now, Chinese stories have become more and more popular in Hollywo

11、od, and many great movies have showed a lot of Chinese elements, making foreign people enjoy and love them. Besides, more famous international directors have begun to pay attention to Chinese stories, such as Spielberg. （學(xué)生雙語報(bào)，2006-2007，九年級(jí)，第7期 頭版，Chinese stories to prevail in Hollywood）,31,Passage

12、Three,The Great Pyramid has changed over time. Today, it is shorter than when it was first built. Sand and wind have worn down the top. The casing stones are gone. Robbers stole some of them. People used others in new buildings. Robbers also took many of the pharaohs things. All that they left in th

13、e pharaohs tomb was an empty coffin.（國家地理學(xué)生英語主題閱讀訓(xùn)練叢書Grand Canyon Adventure）,32,Passage 4,What do you think of when you hear the word gold? Do you think of being rich? Do you think of gold medals or piles of gold bars? Maybe you see a treasure chest overflowing with beautiful gold jewelry and coins.

14、 Throughout history, gold has been a symbol of wealth and power. People have risked their lives searching for gold. Wars have been fought over gold. Empires have been created and destroyed because of gold. （國家地理學(xué)生英語主題閱讀訓(xùn)練叢書My Town at Work）,33,Sentences: Group One,Many countries have set up protected

15、 areas to protect the endangered animals. People have turned large areas in Africa into wildlife parks to save the animals there. Besides, more famous international directors have begun to pay attention to Chinese stories, such as Spielberg. People have risked their lives searching for gold.,34,Sent

16、ences Group Two,The Great Pyramid has changed over time. Sand and wind have worn down the top. Throughout history, gold has been a symbol of wealth and power. As a result, many animals have become endangered or have moved away. Now, Chinese stories have become more and more popular in Hollywood, and many